Comma sense
jordanlachance
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106 slides
Jul 17, 2012
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About This Presentation
No description available for this slideshow.
Slide Content
Understanding & Using Commas
Understanding
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
& Using Commas
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
Understanding
& Using Commas
List of things
that happened:
He hit the ball.
He dropped the bat.
He ran to first base.
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
& Using Commas
List of things
that happened:
He hit the ball.
He dropped the bat.
He ran to first base.
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
Understanding
& Using Commas
He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and
ran to first base.ran to first base.
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
List of things
that happened:
He hit the ball.
He dropped the bat.
He ran to first base.
& Using Commas
He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and
ran to first base.ran to first base.
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
List of things
that happened:
He hit the ball.
He dropped the bat.
He ran to first base.
Understanding
& Using Commas
He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and
ran to first base.ran to first base.
List of things
that happened:
He hit the ball.
He dropped the bat.
He ran to first base.
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
& Using Commas
He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and
ran to first base.ran to first base.
List of things
that happened:
He hit the ball.
He dropped the bat.
He ran to first base.
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
Understanding
& Using Commas
He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and
ran to first base.ran to first base.
List of things
that happened:
He hit the ball.
He dropped the bat.
He ran to first base.
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
comma comma
The controversial “Oxford”
or “Serial” comma
I say: Use it!
Others say: Don’t!
& Using Commas
He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and
ran to first base.ran to first base.
List of things
that happened:
He hit the ball.
He dropped the bat.
He ran to first base.
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
comma comma
The controversial “Oxford”
or “Serial” comma
I say: Use it!
Others say: Don’t!
Understanding
& Using Commas
He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and
ran to first base.ran to first base.
List of things
that happened:
He hit the ball.
He dropped the bat.
He ran to first base.
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
comma comma
& Using Commas
He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and
ran to first base.ran to first base.
List of things
that happened:
He hit the ball.
He dropped the bat.
He ran to first base.
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
comma comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and
ran to first base.ran to first base.
List of things
that happened:
He hit the ball.
He dropped the bat.
He ran to first base.
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
& Using Commas
He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and
ran to first base.ran to first base.
List of things
that happened:
He hit the ball.
He dropped the bat.
He ran to first base.
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
Understanding
& Using Commas
List of
things
to buy:
Bread
Milk
Cheese
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
& Using Commas
List of
things
to buy:
Bread
Milk
Cheese
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Buy me some bread, milk, and Buy me some bread, milk, and
cheese.cheese.
List of
things
to buy:
Bread
Milk
Cheese
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
& Using Commas
Buy me some bread, milk, and Buy me some bread, milk, and
cheese.cheese.
List of
things
to buy:
Bread
Milk
Cheese
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Buy me some bread, milk, and Buy me some bread, milk, and
cheese.cheese.
List of
things
to buy:
Bread
Milk
Cheese
commacomma
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
& Using Commas
Buy me some bread, milk, and Buy me some bread, milk, and
cheese.cheese.
List of
things
to buy:
Bread
Milk
Cheese
commacomma
Use a comma to separate elements in
a series or list.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Exceptions Alert!
Two Independent Clauses:
He hit the ball well.
He ran toward third base.
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Exceptions Alert!
Two Independent Clauses:
He hit the ball well.
He ran toward third base.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.
Independent clause
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.
Independent clause
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.
Independent clauseIndependent clause
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.
Independent clauseIndependent clause
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.
FANBOYS Conjunction
Independent clauseIndependent clause
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.
FANBOYS Conjunction
Independent clauseIndependent clause
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.
Coordinating Conjunction
(one of the FANBOYS)
Independent clauseIndependent clause
comma
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.
Coordinating Conjunction
(one of the FANBOYS)
Independent clauseIndependent clause
comma
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Exceptions Alert!
Exception Alert: If the two independent
clauses are shortshort and well balanced, the
comma may be dropped if no confusion is
created.
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Exceptions Alert!
Exception Alert: If the two independent
clauses are shortshort and well balanced, the
comma may be dropped if no confusion is
created.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Our team is good but their team is better.Our team is good but their team is better.
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Our team is good but their team is better.Our team is good but their team is better.
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Our team is good but their team is better.Our team is good but their team is better.
Independent clauseIndependent clause
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Our team is good but their team is better.Our team is good but their team is better.
Independent clauseIndependent clause
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Our team is good but their team is better.Our team is good but their team is better.
FANBOYS conjunction
Independent clauseIndependent clause
No comma
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Our team is good but their team is better.Our team is good but their team is better.
FANBOYS conjunction
Independent clauseIndependent clause
No comma
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Our team is good but their team is better.Our team is good but their team is better.
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma before (and not after)
a FANBOYS conjunction when two
independent clauses are being
connected.
Our team is good but their team is better.Our team is good but their team is better.
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Running toward third base, he suddenly Running toward third base, he suddenly
realized how stupid he looked.realized how stupid he looked.
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Running toward third base, he suddenly Running toward third base, he suddenly
realized how stupid he looked.realized how stupid he looked.
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Running toward third base, he suddenly Running toward third base, he suddenly
realized how stupid he looked.realized how stupid he looked.
Introductory phrase
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Running toward third base, he suddenly Running toward third base, he suddenly
realized how stupid he looked.realized how stupid he looked.
Introductory phrase
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Running toward third base, he suddenly Running toward third base, he suddenly
realized how stupid he looked.realized how stupid he looked.
comma
Introductory phrase
Exceptions Alert!
& Using Commas
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Running toward third base, he suddenly Running toward third base, he suddenly
realized how stupid he looked.realized how stupid he looked.
comma
Introductory phrase
Exceptions Alert!
Understanding
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Exception Alert: If the introductory material
consists of one word or is very, very short,
then the comma may be dropped, if no
confusion or difficulty in reading is created.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Exception Alert: If the introductory material
consists of one word or is very, very short,
then the comma may be dropped, if no
confusion or difficulty in reading is created.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
After his short nap in the clubhouse before After his short nap in the clubhouse before
the game, the pitcher felt better.the game, the pitcher felt better.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
After his short nap in the clubhouse before After his short nap in the clubhouse before
the game, the pitcher felt better.the game, the pitcher felt better.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
After his short nap in the clubhouse before After his short nap in the clubhouse before
the game, the pitcher felt better.the game, the pitcher felt better.
Introductory phrase
(kind of a long one, actually)
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
comma
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
After his short nap in the clubhouse before After his short nap in the clubhouse before
the game, the pitcher felt better.the game, the pitcher felt better.
Introductory phrase
(kind of a long one, actually)
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
After his nap, the pitcher felt better.After his nap, the pitcher felt better.
Introductory phrase (and
this one is much shorter!)
comma
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
After his nap, the pitcher felt better.After his nap, the pitcher felt better.
Introductory phrase (and
this one is much shorter!)
comma
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
After his nap the pitcher felt better.After his nap the pitcher felt better.
Introductory clause (and
this one is much shorter!)
Okay to omit this comma
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
After his nap the pitcher felt better.After his nap the pitcher felt better.
Introductory clause (and
this one is much shorter!)
Okay to omit this comma
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
After his nap the pitcher felt better.After his nap the pitcher felt better.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
After his nap the pitcher felt better.After his nap the pitcher felt better.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Inside the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside the gym was warm and comfortable.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Inside the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside the gym was warm and comfortable.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Inside the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside the gym was warm and comfortable.
This is confusing and awkward to read because the writer
did not use a comma to set off the introductory material.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Inside the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside the gym was warm and comfortable.
This is confusing and awkward to read because the writer
did not use a comma to set off the introductory material.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Introductory
word
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Introductory
word
Understanding
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Introductory
word
comma
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Introductory
word
comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.
That’s much better.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
& Using Commas
Exceptions Alert!
Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.
That’s much better.
Use a comma to set off introductory
material.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
Fine. But what’s
“parenthetical” mean?
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
Fine. But what’s
“parenthetical” mean?
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
Fine. But what’s
“parenthetical” mean?
That’s a good question. Let’s take a look.
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
Fine. But what’s
“parenthetical” mean?
That’s a good question. Let’s take a look.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Parenthetical
means extra
information
not needed to
understand the
sentence.
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
& Using Commas
Parenthetical
means extra
information
not needed to
understand the
sentence.
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
Understanding
& Using Commas
The stadiumThe stadium, built in 1953,
was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.
Parenthetical
means extra
information
not needed to
understand the
sentence.
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
& Using Commas
The stadiumThe stadium, built in 1953,
was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.
Parenthetical
means extra
information
not needed to
understand the
sentence.
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
Understanding
& Using Commas
The stadium, built in 1953, The stadium, built in 1953,
was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.
Parenthetical
means extra
information
not needed to
understand the
sentence.
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
& Using Commas
The stadium, built in 1953, The stadium, built in 1953,
was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.
Parenthetical
means extra
information
not needed to
understand the
sentence.
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
Understanding
& Using Commas
The stadium, built in 1953, The stadium, built in 1953,
was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.
Parenthetical (extra) information
Parenthetical
means extra
information
not needed to
understand the
sentence.
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
& Using Commas
The stadium, built in 1953, The stadium, built in 1953,
was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.
Parenthetical (extra) information
Parenthetical
means extra
information
not needed to
understand the
sentence.
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
Understanding
& Using Commas
The stadium, built in 1953, The stadium, built in 1953,
was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.
comma
Parenthetical (extra) information
commaParenthetical
means extra
information
not needed to
understand the
sentence.
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
& Using Commas
The stadium, built in 1953, The stadium, built in 1953,
was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.
comma
Parenthetical (extra) information
commaParenthetical
means extra
information
not needed to
understand the
sentence.
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
Understanding
& Using Commas
The stadium, built in 1953, The stadium, built in 1953,
was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.
comma
Parenthetical (extra) information
commaParenthetical
means extra
information
not needed to
understand the
sentence.
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
That’s the way you handle it.
& Using Commas
The stadium, built in 1953, The stadium, built in 1953,
was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.
comma
Parenthetical (extra) information
commaParenthetical
means extra
information
not needed to
understand the
sentence.
Use commas to set off parenthetical
elements in text.
That’s the way you handle it.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
versus
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
versus
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
versus
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
versus
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
versus
comma
No comma
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
versus
comma
No comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Lots of times, we make
phrases like this:
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Lots of times, we make
phrases like this:
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Lots of times, we make
phrases like this:
Adjective noun…Adjective noun…
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Lots of times, we make
phrases like this:
Adjective noun…Adjective noun…
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Lots of times, we make
phrases like this:
Adjective noun…Adjective noun…
Adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective noun…
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Lots of times, we make
phrases like this:
Adjective noun…Adjective noun…
Adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective noun…
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Lots of times, we make
phrases like this:
Adjective noun…Adjective noun…
Adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective noun…
Adjective adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective adjective noun…
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Lots of times, we make
phrases like this:
Adjective noun…Adjective noun…
Adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective noun…
Adjective adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective adjective noun…
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Lots of times, we make
phrases like this:
Adjective noun…Adjective noun…
Adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective noun…
Adjective adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective adjective noun…
That question is, when do you use commas
between the adjectives?
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Lots of times, we make
phrases like this:
Adjective noun…Adjective noun…
Adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective noun…
Adjective adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective adjective noun…
That question is, when do you use commas
between the adjectives?
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Here’s a easy way to tell if you need commas
between all those adjectives:
If you can put the word and or but between the
adjectives, then you (almost certainly) need
commas between them.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
Here’s a easy way to tell if you need commas
between all those adjectives:
If you can put the word and or but between the
adjectives, then you (almost certainly) need
commas between them.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.
He is a tall, distinguished gentleman.He is a tall, distinguished gentleman.
comma
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.
He is a tall, distinguished gentleman.He is a tall, distinguished gentleman.
comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.
He is a tall, distinguished gentleman.He is a tall, distinguished gentleman.
comma
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.
He is a tall, distinguished gentleman.He is a tall, distinguished gentleman.
comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.
She is a little, old ladyShe is a little, old lady
comma
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.
She is a little, old ladyShe is a little, old lady
comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.
She is a little, old ladyShe is a little, old lady
comma
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.
She is a little, old ladyShe is a little, old lady
comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.
She is a little, old ladyShe is a little, old lady
comma
She is a little old ladyShe is a little old lady
No comma
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.
She is a little, old ladyShe is a little, old lady
comma
She is a little old ladyShe is a little old lady
No comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
I live in an old, run-down house.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
I live in an old, run-down house.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
I live in an old, run-down house.
I live in a little, purple house.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
I live in an old, run-down house.
I live in a little, purple house.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
I live in an old, run-down house.
I live in a little, purple house.
I live in a little purple house.
& Using Commas
Use commas to separate coordinate
adjectives.
I live in an old, run-down house.
I live in a little, purple house.
I live in a little purple house.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off quoted material.
““I want you to stop at second base this time,I want you to stop at second base this time,””
the coach said.the coach said.
comma
This comma
separates the quote
from the rest of the
sentence.
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off quoted material.
““I want you to stop at second base this time,I want you to stop at second base this time,””
the coach said.the coach said.
comma
This comma
separates the quote
from the rest of the
sentence.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off quoted material.
““II’’ll stop at second,ll stop at second,”” the batter said, the batter said, ““but I can but I can
keep going if you want me to.keep going if you want me to.””
First comma
If the “split” is in the middle of the sentence, then
two commas are needed.
Second comma
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off quoted material.
““II’’ll stop at second,ll stop at second,”” the batter said, the batter said, ““but I can but I can
keep going if you want me to.keep going if you want me to.””
First comma
If the “split” is in the middle of the sentence, then
two commas are needed.
Second comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off contrasting
words or phrases.
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off contrasting
words or phrases.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off contrasting
words or phrases.
The puppies were cute, but messy.The puppies were cute, but messy.
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off contrasting
words or phrases.
The puppies were cute, but messy.The puppies were cute, but messy.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off contrasting
words or phrases.
Cute and messy contrast with each other.
The puppies were cute, but messy.The puppies were cute, but messy.
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off contrasting
words or phrases.
Cute and messy contrast with each other.
The puppies were cute, but messy.The puppies were cute, but messy.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off contrasting
words or phrases.
Cute and messy contrast with each other.
The puppies were cute, but messy.The puppies were cute, but messy.
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off contrasting
words or phrases.
Cute and messy contrast with each other.
The puppies were cute, but messy.The puppies were cute, but messy.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off contrasting
words or phrases.
Cute and messy contrast with each other.
The puppies were cute, but messy.The puppies were cute, but messy.
comma
& Using Commas
Use commas to set off contrasting
words or phrases.
Cute and messy contrast with each other.
The puppies were cute, but messy.The puppies were cute, but messy.
comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to avoid potential
confusion.
& Using Commas
Use commas to avoid potential
confusion.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to avoid potential
confusion.
For most the year was already finished.For most the year was already finished.
& Using Commas
Use commas to avoid potential
confusion.
For most the year was already finished.For most the year was already finished.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to avoid potential
confusion.
For most the year was already finished.For most the year was already finished.
What? It’s not clear what this is supposed to
mean.
& Using Commas
Use commas to avoid potential
confusion.
For most the year was already finished.For most the year was already finished.
What? It’s not clear what this is supposed to
mean.
For most, the year was already finished.For most, the year was already finished.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to avoid potential
confusion.
Make it clear by using a comma to set off the
introductory material.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to avoid potential
confusion.
Make it clear by using a comma to set off the
introductory material.
For most, the year was already finished.For most, the year was already finished.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to avoid potential
confusion.
Make it clear by using a comma to set off the
introductory material.
comma
Introductory phrase
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to avoid potential
confusion.
Make it clear by using a comma to set off the
introductory material.
comma
Introductory phrase
Understanding
& Using Commas
Use commas to avoid potential
confusion.
That’s much better!
For most, the year was already finished.For most, the year was already finished.
& Using Commas
Use commas to avoid potential
confusion.
That’s much better!
For most, the year was already finished.For most, the year was already finished.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
Understanding
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
Understanding
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
On June 14, 1845, the first baseball game was On June 14, 1845, the first baseball game was
played.played.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
On June 14, 1845, the first baseball game was On June 14, 1845, the first baseball game was
played.played.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
Understanding
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
On June 14, 1845, the first baseball game was On June 14, 1845, the first baseball game was
played.played.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
commacomma
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
On June 14, 1845, the first baseball game was On June 14, 1845, the first baseball game was
played.played.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
commacomma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
In June 1845, the first baseball game was In June 1845, the first baseball game was
played.played.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
In June 1845, the first baseball game was In June 1845, the first baseball game was
played.played.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
Understanding
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
In June 1845, the first baseball game was In June 1845, the first baseball game was
played.played.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
comma
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
In June 1845, the first baseball game was In June 1845, the first baseball game was
played.played.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
I lived in Dallas, Texas, for many years.I lived in Dallas, Texas, for many years.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
I lived in Dallas, Texas, for many years.I lived in Dallas, Texas, for many years.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
Understanding
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
I lived in Dallas, Texas, for many years.I lived in Dallas, Texas, for many years.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
comma comma
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
I lived in Dallas, Texas, for many years.I lived in Dallas, Texas, for many years.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
comma comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
About $15,600 was spent on the highway this About $15,600 was spent on the highway this
year.year.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
About $15,600 was spent on the highway this About $15,600 was spent on the highway this
year.year.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
Understanding
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
About $15,600 was spent on the highway this About $15,600 was spent on the highway this
year.year.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
comma
& Using Commas
Typographical
Reasons for Commas.
About $15,600 was spent on the highway this About $15,600 was spent on the highway this
year.year.
There is an understanding and agreement to use
commas in certain ways for certain constructions:
comma
Understanding
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
& Using Commas
Summary of Comma Use Rules
● Use a comma to separate elements in a list
● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect
two independent clauses
● Use a comma to set off introductory material
● Use commas to set off parenthetical information
● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives
● Use commas to set off quoted material
● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases
● Use commas to avoid potential confusion
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