COMMON CHILDHOOD FRACTURES. .pptx

Fracture

1. COMMON CHILDHOOD FRACTURES

2. DEF: A fracture is a break in bone that occurs when more force is applied to the bone than the bone can withstand. COMMON CHILDHOOD FRACTURES: Clavicle fractures Long bones of arm (radius, ulnar), elbow, wrists and hand Long bones of leg (femur tibia), knees and feet Fracture of hips

3. CHILD”S BONES COMPARED TO ADULT BONES - children’s bones are flexible hence they tend to buckle or bend before breaking - one side of the bone may bend causing green stick fracture - one side can buckle and become dented causing buckle fracture( see slide - children’s bones heal faster- the bones are surrounded by a thick layer of connective tissue known as periosteum. This tissue is provide blood to the bone bone. The body uses some of the blood supply to replace damaged cells and heal the bone(the periosteum tends to thin out during adulthood and provide less supply. This is why adult bones heal more slowly)

4. TYPES OF FRACTURES .Most fractures result from mild to moderate trauma such as a fall. The bone will break if more force is applied to the bone than the bine can absorb NONE DISPLACED FRACTURES: The bone will stay aligned in an acceptable position for healing - single non displaced fractures. The bone cracks or breaks but stays in place- Stress fractures(hairline) Tiny cracks form in the bone as a result of repetitive stress bearing motion. Seen in those who run track, participate I gymnastics or dance

5. NON- DISPLACED FRACTURES

6. - buckle fracture (torus): one side of the bone bends(buckles) upon itself. The bone is dented but not broken. Treatment: ALL NONE DISPLACED FRACTURES can be treated by a splint, brace or cast. This immobilizes the bone and promote healing.

7. - splints: On a newly broken bones if the clinician is worried about swelling ( (if the injured area swells, a cast could become too tight and reduce blood flow to the tissues. The splint will be replaced with a cast when the swelling has gone). Splints can also be used for minor fractures that do not require a cast. - plaster cast: Casts are strong and can provide more protection to the injured area. The kind of cast used will depend on the type of fracture - a brace : is a device that supports and protect a broken bone or injure tissue. ( it is also known as as splint or orthosis). It helps to reduce pain and promote healing Surgical boot: it is used to control pain and allow the bone to heal

8. SPLINT

9. PLASTER CAST

10. BRACE

11. DISPLACED FRACTURES: When a fracture is displaced, the ends of the bone have come out of alignment. Reduction of the bone is needed to set the bone back to alignment so it will heal properly. After reduction the injured bone is immobilized with brace splint or cast while the bone heals TYPES OF DISPLACED FRACTURES: - angulated fractures. The two ends of the broken bone are at an angle to each other - translated fracture. The ends of the bones have shifted out of alignment - rotated fractures. The bone rotated(spun) when it broke. - green stick fractures. One side of the bone is broken causing the other side. A greenstick fracture resembles a broken tree branch.

12. DISPLACED FRACTURES(cont.)

13. OTHER SEVERE FRACTURES - comminuted fracture. The bone has broken into more than two pieces that no longer line up properly - compressed fracture . The bone collapses under pressure. This is most severe when it involves joint

14. COMMINUTED AND COMPRESSION FRACTURES

15. OPEN AND CLOSED FRACTURES CLASSIFICATION OF BONE FRACTURES. - closed fractures: the bone is broken but the skin remains intact - open fracture (compound fracture): the bone breaks through skin. They are rare but can be infected

16. CLOSED AND OPEN FRACTURES

17. NEONATAL FRACTURES Neonatal fractures are rare. Initial diagnosis can be obscured. Suspect fracture in case of edema, crepitus and discomfort if an area is touched Clavicle fracture: crying with the movement of affected arm due to pain. The infant may not move the arm as much as the other uninjured arm. Healing is rapid within few weeks. The bone may cause a lump to develop I the area of fracture Treatment. Usually no treatment is required. It may be necessary to pi the child's sleeve of affected arm to the front of their clothing to avoid moving the rm while healing

18. FRACTURES IN NEONATES

19. RACTURE OF LONG BONE< UPPER LIMB

20. Fracture of femoral bone. This can occur even in emergency caesarian section performed for malpresentation. It can also occur as a result of osteopenia of prematurity Pavlik Harness can be applied. This is a soft brace that helps to hold the baby's legs in position that allows their hip joint to be aligned and stable

21. PAVLIK HARNESS