Common instruments used in pharmacology.pptx

Common intruments

1. Common Instruments Used in Experimental Pharmacology Presented by Ms. Snehpreet Sandhu

2. INTRODUCTION Some common instruments are used in experimental pharmacology. In industry more recent sophisticated equipment’s are available for drug discovery such as multiple organ baths. Organ bath assembly was first used by Rudolph Magnus in early 19 th century.

3. List Of Instruments Organ bath assembly Sherrington Rotating Drum and Kymograph Rota Rod Apparatus Acto -photometer Analgesiometer (Hot Plate, Tail Flick ) Pole climbing apparatus Histamine Chamber Metabolic Cage Aerator

4. Organ bath The tissue bath used to put the animal tissue for studying the drug action is called student organ bath.

5. Sherrington Rotating drum Use to record contraction or relaxation of the isolated tissue preparation. The recording is done on Kymograph papers fixed on circular Cylinders and runs at different speed using electrical recording drum. Application:- To record effect of drug ( response).

6. Student Organ Bath It is used to studying the effect of drug /s isolated animal tissue. Student organ bath tissue is mounted and provided with necessary environment. First designed by Rudolph Magnus in 1904. Application Used to maintain the integrity Of muscle tissue for several hours, in a controlled environment. Quantify the effect of treatment with contractile and relaxing agent. Affinity and efficacy studies of agonist and antagonists. Drug discovery and safety pharmacology.

7. USES Organ bath have been used for decades by pharmacologists to investigate nerve-muscular interaction and the contractility of smooth, cardiac & skeletal muscles. Two types of organ bath Single unit organ bath. This set-up was designed and developed by Rudolph Magnus. It has only one inner organ bath. Double unit organ bath. Double unit organ bath is having two holding place for organ tube that’s why we can perform two studies at same time.

8. Single unit Double unit Organ bath. Organ bath.

9. Essential parts of organ bath Rotating drum Kymograph Outer bath/Outer water jacket Inner organ bath Tissue holder and oxygen supply Fulcrum Stirrer Heating iron coil and thermostat Kymograph paper

10. Recording levers Use:- use to record the contraction or relaxation of the isolated tissue preparation. List of levers:- Simple lever Frontal writing lever (FWL) Starling heart lever ( SHL) Brodie's universal lever Gimble lever (GL) Isometric lever

11. Simple lever It is simple type of lever Made of stainless steel , aluminum Or wood with stylus. Attachment of simple lever should be tangential to the smoke drum. 2. Frontal writing lever ( FWL ) Made of stainless steel with stylus. Attachment of should be perpendicular to the smoked drum. It is used to record the contraction of isolated muscle preparation.

12. 3. Starling heart lever ( SHL) Made of stainless steel or aluminum with detachable style Attachment of SHL is perpendicular to the smoked drum. It is used to record contraction of the heart. 4. Brondies universal lever It is general utility lever with axis screwed with two nuts.

13. 5. Gimbal lever:- Made of stainless steel, or aluminum with stylus attached to it. A roller is fitted in between for free movement by the gravity force. Attachment of GL should be tangential to the smoked drum. 6. Isometric lever:- It consists of heavy brass frame with spring steel wire fixed to each limb and carrying the lever from its center.

14. 7. Auxotonic lever:- Made of stainless steel, aluminum or wood with stylus attached to it. Attachment of should be perpendicular to the smoked drum .

15. Forceps and scissors:- Laboratory instruments made of stainless steel. Forceps are a handheld, hinged instrument used for grasping and holding objects. Scissors are used for many purposes during a surgical procedure. Operating or surgical scissors come in different sizes and are used to cut soft tissue.

16. Dissecting scissors are used to separate and differentiate tissues because they are more precise than operating scissors.

17. Rota rod apparatus 2. Rota-rod apparatus

18. Determine the effect of skeletal muscle relaxant drugs using Rota-Rod apparatus. Drug :- Diazepam Animal:- Rat , Mice The apparatus consist of a horizontal metal rod ( coated with rubber) of 3 cm diameter. Adjusted speed – 2 rotation/ min to 6 rotation/ min . The rod is 75 cm in length and is decided into 6 section by plastic discs Thereby allowing the simultaneously testing of 6 mice Height of rod – 50 cm Cut off time – for the test is – 2 min. The retention time ( sec ) .for each mouse / rat is recorded.

19. Actophotometer

20. Determine the effect of CNS stimulant and depressant drugs using actophotometer . Animal :- rat , mice CNS depressant drug like alcohol reduce the motor activity with the stimulant like caffeine and amphetamines increases the activity. The locomotors activity can be easily measured using an actophotometer activity. It consists of six built in photo sensor and 4 digital counter to indicate the locomotors. It also incorporates electric shock of up to 100 volts for activating rats. When the beam of light falling on the photo cell is cut off by animal , a count is recorded. An actophotometer could have either circular or square area in which the animal moves.

21. Electro- convulsiometer Instrument is used to study the anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin against maximal electro shock induced convulsion in rat. Animal:- rat , mice The electric shock is applied through the corneal electrodes. It produces five phase:- Tonic flexion Tonic extensor Clinic convulsion Stupor Recovery/ death Eectro - convulsiometer is used for applying maximal electro shock through corneal electrodes provided.

22. Pole Climbing apparatus

23. The pole climb apparatus is one of the most important laboratory models employed for the study of antipsychotic drug. The basic principles of pole climbing apparatus is based on a neuro chemical mechanism of anxiety disorder.

24. Analgesiometer Effect of analgesic using Analgesiometer . Animal :-rat, mice The instrument works on the principle of observing the pain threshold in the rodents before and after drug administration. This Is performed mainly to identify any pain stimulus threshold in rodents against a radiant heat and to screen analgesic drug by increasing pain threshold. The radiant heat method is being used for evaluation of systemic analgesic activity of drug.

25. The end point of the experiment is considered escape reaction which is considered to be controlled by brain. Two types of analgesiometer -: Tail flick analgesiometer . Hotplate analgesiometer . Physiologically,tail flick is mainly medicated as a spinal reflex whereas hotplate paw withdrawal is mainly medicated by the brain.

26. 1) Tail flick analgesiometer 2) Hotplate analgesiometer

27. Metabolic cage The metabolic cage is designed to allow measurement of fluid intake , and to separate and collect faces and urine for numerous qualitative determination. It is used to study the metabolic parameters such as faecal and urine for the study of purgative or laxative , animals such as rat and mice are used.