common newborn problems, genetic disorder.pptx

nursing

1. Common newborn problems Purbasha Banerjee

2. Vomiting Non organic causes: Irritation of stomach due to swallowed amniotic fluid and blood. Aerophagy Faulty feeding technique Organic causes: Neurological Metabolic Infectious Mechanical (obstruction) How to manage? Burping Holding upright for 5 to 10 minutes after feeds Stomatch wash with 100 ml normal salain Identify and manage organic causes.

3. Constipation Non organic causes: Artificial feeding specially with cow milk Insufficient feed or fluid. Organic causes: Congenital abnormality of GIT How to manage? NO laxative lubricated stimulus of rectum Improve Breast feeding

4. Diarrhea Breast feed baby passes 2-6 times golden yellow loose stool. If it increases abruptly along with other signs called diarrhea. Causes Unhygienic feeding Overfeeding Bottle feeding Underfeeding Sepsis How to manage? IV fluid therapy Antibiotics Breast feeding Hygienic practice.

5. Excessive crying Causes Hunger Discomfort Abdominal colic Hard stool Wet nappy Insect bite Hot or cold feeling Lack of mothering Cerebral irritability Otitis media Narcotic withdrawal syndrome How to manage? Handle with patience . Identify cause and eliminate

6. Evening colic Sudden screaming with flexion of thighs and flushing of face with frowning . Causes: Intestinal colic Managed by comfort

7. Excessive sleepiness Normal for first few days. Causes: Maternal sedation Metabolic disorder Septicemia Serious systemic disease.

8. Dehydration fever Transitory fever is common in second and third day of life. Specially in summer due to inadequate feeding . Temperature is usually 38.5˚c but baby remain active Managed by Breast feeding and lowering the environmental temperature

9. Sneezing and nose block Nasal irritation Can cause discomfort as infants are natural nose breather. Management: Clean the nostril with sterile cotton swab Normal saline drop instillation Avoid medicated nasal drop.

10. Hiccups Common after feed. Occur due to irritation of diaphragm caused by distended stomach.

11. Napkin rash Change wet nappy Dry the area Expose to air sunlight Apply coconut oil and antifungal cream.

12. Breath Holding spell May found along with crying and cyanosis Rule out brain damage and congenital heart disease.

13. Cradle cap Seborrheic crusting over the scalp Apply coconut oil over the affected part at night followed by Shampoo with cetrimide or cetavlon .

14. Obstructed naso lacrimal duct Persistent tearing from one or both eyes Causes: Infection Congestion Common congenital obstruction naso lacrimal duct upto 3-4 months. Managed by : Gentle message over the tear passage Eye drop eye care with sterile eye swab Syringing of obstruction dose not open

15. Umbilical granuloma Small flese like pale nodule at the base of umbilicus with persistent discharge. Caused by umbilical sepsis. Managed by: Cauterization with silver nitrate Application of common salt in every 3-4 days until the base is dry Local or systemic antibiotic.

16. Mastitis Neonatorum Bilateral engorgement and swelling of breasts Cause : Sudden withdrawal of maternal hormone Management: NO management is needed

17. Vaginal bleeding and mucoid secreation Due to withdrawal of maternal hormone No treatment required except cleaning

18. Physiological phimosis Prepuce that is adherent to the underlying glans . Foreskin is u sually non retractable but no discomfort in micturation . No effort to be made to retract this. If persist beyond 3 years need special attention