Communication Models

This learning resource on Various Communication Models will introduce to Liner, Transactional, Interactional and other model and their respective sub-models.

1. Welcome to Learning Session on
Communication Model
COMMUNICATION MODEL
Communication models are the metaphorical, simplified and systematic representation
of the communication processes which forms general perspectives on communication.
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]

2. It is said that power corrupts but actually its more true that power
attracts the corruptible.
Nolaworordinanceismightierthanunderstanding.
If we understand everything, we must be misinformed.
Let us go to learning mode and be a student again.
Kindly Put Mobiles on Silent Mode
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]

3. Various Models at a Glance
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
LINEAR Lasswell’s Model
Aristotle’s Model
Shannon Weaver Model
Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model
TRANSACTIONALBarnlund’s Transactional Model
Helical Model
Becker’s Mosaic Model
INTERACTIONALSchramm’s Interactive Model
OTHER Dance’s Helical Spiral Model
Westley and MacLean’s Conceptual Model

4. LINEAR MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
LINEARmodelofcommunicationisasimpleonewaycommunication
model.Themessageflowsinastraightlinefromsendertothereceiver.
Thereisnoconceptoffeedback.Theonlytaskthatareceiverdoes
hereistoreceivethemessage.Differentmodelsthatfollowlinear
modelofcommunicationare:
Lasswell’s Model
Aristotle’s Model
Shannon Weaver Model
Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model

5. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
InTRANSACTIONALmodel,sendersandreceiversbothareknownas
communicatorsandbothplayequallyimportantrolein
communication.Transactionalmodelrelatescommunicationwithsocial
reality,culturalup-bringingandrelationalcontext(relationships).Non-
verbalfeedbacklikegestures,bodylanguage,isalsoconsideredas
feedbackinthismodel.Differentmodelsthatfollowtransactional
modelofcommunicationare:
Barnlund’s Transactional Model
Helical Model
Becker’s Mosaic Model

6. INTERACTIVE MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
INTERACTIVEmodelorconvergencemodelissimilartotransactional
modelastheyarebothtwowaycommunicationmodel.But,interactive
modelismostlyusedfornewmedialikeinternet.Here,peoplecan
respondtoanymasscommunicationslikevideos,news,etc.Peoplecan
exchangetheirviewsandideas.Differentmodelsthatfollowinteractive
modelofcommunicationare:
Schramm’s Interactive Model

7. OTHER MODELS
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
OTHERmodelsare:
Dance’s Helical Spiral of Communication
Westley and MacLean’s Conceptual Model

8. HAROLD LASSWELL’S MODEL
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Akaactionmodelorlinearorone
waymodelofcommunication.Itis
onethemostinfluential
communicationmodels.
Has5componentswhichisused
asananalysistoolforevaluating
thecommunicationprocess&
components.
Componentsarethequestionsto
beaskedtogettheanswers&
keepcommunicationgoing.

9. HAROLD LASSWELL’S MODEL
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COMPONENTS MEANING ANALYSIS
Who The communicator orsender or source
of message
ControlAnalysis
Says What The content of message Content Analysis
In which ChannelThe mediumor media Media Analysis
To whom The receiver or an audience Audience Analysis
With what effectThe feedback of the receiver to the
sender
Effect analysis
•Effective Communication Process.
•Mass media. Only rich can communicate
•Does not include feedback and ignores noise
•Does not consider barriers of communication

10. ARISTOTLE MODEL
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By Aristotle(384-322 B.C) Greek philosopher and writer born in
Stagira, Northern Greece. He was also the teacher of Alexander the
Great. He studied physics, logic, mathematics, etc.
Aristotle developed a linear model of communication for oral
communication known as which is considered as the 1
st
model of
communication and was proposed before 300 B.C. It is most widely
communication model.

11. ARISTOTLE MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
AristotleModelismainlyfocusedonspeakerandspeech.Itcanbe
broadlydividedinto5primaryelements:Speaker,Speech,Occasion,
AudienceandEffect.
Itisaspeakercentredmodelasthespeakerhasthemostimportant
roleinit.Itisthespeaker’sroletodeliveraspeechtotheaudience.
Theroleoftheaudienceispassive,influencedbythespeech.This
makesthecommunicationprocessoneway,fromspeakertoreceiver.
The speaker must organize the speech beforehand, according to the
target audience and situation (occasion). The speech must be prepared
so that the audience be persuaded or influenced from the speech.

12. ARISTOTLE MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
Todeveloppublicspeakingskillsandcreateapropagandaandis
speakerorientedandfocusesonaudienceinteractionin
communication,thereisnoconceptoffeedbacks.
E.g.apolitician(speaker)givesaspeechtogetvotesfromthe
civilians(audience)atthetimeofelection(occasion).Theciviliansonly
voteiftheyareinfluencedbythethingsthepoliticiansaysinhisspeech
sothecontentmustbeveryimpressivetoinfluencethemassandthe
speakermustdesignthemessageverycarefully.
The speech must be clear as well as the speaker must have a very
good non-verbal communication with the audience like eye contact.

13. ARISTOTLE MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
Critical Elements of a Good Communicator
Ethos:Featuresthatmakesyoucredibleinfrontoftheaudience.
(Corruptpoliticianvs.Goodpolitician).
Pathos:Whatyousayisimportantforemotionalbonds.Ifpeopleof
avillageneedswaterandthepoliticiansayshe’llbuildadamfor
drinkingwaterandirrigation.
Logos:Logosislogic.Peoplefindlogicineverything.Usefactualdata
inanawarenessprogramwillattracttheaudience’sattentionandwill
makethembelieveintheneedofawarenessintheparticularmatter.
CriticismsofAristotle’sModelofCommunication:Noconceptof
feedback,itisonewayfromspeakertoaudience.Noconceptof
communicationfailurelikenoise&barriers.Onlyforpublicspeaking.

14. SHANONE AND WEAVER
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
Createdin1948whenClaudeElwoodShannonwroteanarticle“A
MathematicalTheoryofCommunication”inBellSystemTechnical
JournalwithWarrenWeaver.
Shannon was an American mathematician whereas Weaver was a
scientist. This Model is Mother of all Models.

15. SHANONE AND WEAVER
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
There are 3 levels of problems of communication per Shannon Weaver.
Technical problem–How a channel causes a problem
Semantic problem–Is the meaning of message sent and received
very different
Effectiveness problem–How effectively does the message cause
reaction
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Conceptofnoise.2wayprocess.Applyingeneralcommunication.
Quantifiable.Moreforinterpersonalcommunicationthangroup
communicationandmasscommunication.Receiverplaysthepassive
andsenderplaystheprimary.Humancommunicationisnot
mathematicalinnature.

16. BERLO’S SMCR MODEL
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17. BERLO’S SMCR MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
Thereisnoconceptoffeedback,sotheeffectisnotconsidered.
Thereisnoconceptofnoise
Noconceptofbarriersincommunicationprocess.
Itisalinearmodelofcommunication,thereisnotwoway
communication.
Bothofthepeoplemustbesimilaraccordingtoabovefactors

18. BARNLUND’S TRANSACTIONAL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
MultiLayeredFeedbacksystem
Publiccues–Environment
Privatecues–Senses
Behaviouralcues–NonVerbal
Shared field experience of the
sender & receiver. Simultaneous
message sending, noise &
feedback.
Complex.Both must understand
codes

19. HELICAL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
CHILD: 10 Y > 30Y > 40 Y > TODAY
ByFrankDance1967.Ahelixisa
threedimensionalspringlike
curveintheshapeofacylinderor
acone.HelixfromBirthtoPresent
time.LinearityandCircularity
Interchangeablesenderreceiver
Intellectualprocess
Nottested.Continuitycannever
betrue

20. BECKER’S MOSAIC
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
COMPONENTSARE:
1.EmptyCells
2.VerticalLayers
3.Cells
4.Loops
Complexity of Communication
Noenvironmentalandsocial
dimensions
Newbitsareuselessifthelastbits
arelost

21. SCHRAMM’ S MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
Accelerationprinciple.
Theprinciplestatesthattheincreaseindemandforconsumergoods
leadstoariseindemandforcapitalgoodsi.e.thefactorsof
production,thatareessentialintheproductionprocess.But,the
proportionofdemandforcapitalinvestmentorthefactorsof
productionwillbehighlymagnifiedincomparisontotheproportionof
demandinconsumergoods.
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Relatestoindustrialproduction,demand,supply,consumptionand
ismathematicalone.
Notuniversallyacceptedasitignorestechnologicalgaps.

22. WESTLEY & MACLEAN’S
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
ByBruceWestleyandMalcolmMaclean.
Communicationstartswhenaperson
respondstosomething.Hemustfirstreceive
themessagetorespond.Feedbackisfastn
directininterpersonalone.Feedbackis
slow.Source(A),Environment(X),Sensory
experience(X1),Objectsoforientation(X1,
X2..),Messageorcoding(X’),Receiver(B),
Feedback(f),Gatekeeper(C)
Groupaswellasmasscommunication.
Complicated.

23. THANK YOU
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | [email protected]
For any questions / feedback / queries / suggestions, please do contact:
AVINASH MURKUTE
Galaxy4u Legal Consulting, Pune
Web:www.Galaxy4u.in | Email: [email protected]
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Thispresentationispurelyforacademicpurposesonly.Canbedownloaded,used,
presented,modified,reproducedetc.foracademicpurposesonly.