Community Development Program 1952

Community Development Program launched by Government of India in 1952.

1. Community Development Programme 1952 Government of India PRESENTED BY- ROHIT DABAS, AKASH SINGH I M.U.R.P.-1 st YEAR I I.I.T. ROORKEE

2. The Planning Commission of India “Community development is an attempt to bring about a social and economic transformation of village life through the efforts of the people themselves.”

3. Over 65% of the population living in rural areas are primarily dependent on agriculture for their livelihood about 11.25% of the rural families are landless and among the land holders, over 69.35% own less than 1 ha (marginal farmers) and 21.25% own between 1 and 2 ha (small farmers ) only 28% area is under irrigation and the rest is dependent on rains, where hardly one crop can be grown in a year Apart from inadequate earning for livelihood, the rural people also suffer from poor health arising from starvation, lack of immunization, hygiene and sanitation 25% villages do not have year-round supply of drinking water and about 75% of the potable water sources are polluted the rural poor have to depend on money lenders, to meet their emergencies and fall into the debt trap They often try to forget their problems by consuming alcohol While some migrate to cities, others live in chronic poverty. They lose confidence in others as well in their ability to live a decent life This is a vicious cycle. Background

4. History of Evolution The concept of community development in India was initiated well before independence Even during the struggle for independence, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi - the Father of the Nation 1935 Under the British Rule, while confirming autonomy on the provinces, included rural development as an important programme to be initiated for the welfare of the people The aim was to generate gainful employment in rural areas and to improve the quality of life 1941 Mahatma Gandhi advocated communal harmony, economic equity, social equality, de-addiction from alcohol and narcotics, promotion of ‘ khadi ’ (hand spun and hand woven cloth) and village industries, sanitation, health care, education and empowerment of women. 1943 Bengal Famine ,the outbreak of World War II, food supply was a critical problem in most parts of the country 1948 A pilot community development project was launched through the Etawah Project 1949 Fiscal Commission and the Grow More Food Enquiry Committee - supply of free seeds, subsidies for construction of wells and embankments, supply of manure, fixing a minimum price for grain. Major setback – Zamindari System October 2, 1952 The CDP was launched on the birth-day of Mahatma Gandhi

5. Development through years 1952 There were 55 community projects in 3 blocks. Each of the community development projects covered an area of about 450-500 sq.miles with about 300 villages and a population of about 2 lakhs A development block consisted of about 100 villages with about 150-170 sq.miles and a population of about 60-70 thousands Each block was further divided into groups of 5-10 villages each October 2, 1953 The need for rapid extension of the programme to other parts of the country led to the National Extension Service (NES) along side the CDP, covering the entire country within a period of 10 years NES was less intensive in character 1957 Balvantroy Mehta team recommended the establishment of statutory elective of local leaders i.e., Panchayat Raj Institutions (Village Panchayat , Panchayat Union and District Development Council) April, 1958 Both CDP and NES were integrated both at the centre and state. By the end of the First Five Year Plan (1952-57), 1114 blocks covering 163,000 villages were in operation and by sixties, the community development programme covered the entire country.

6. CDP-1952 Brief Biggest rural reconstruction scheme undertaken by the government of free India Described as the ‘magna carta ’ of hope and happiness for two-thirds of India’s population Testament of emancipation, the declaration of war on poverty, ignorance, squalor and disease under which millions have been groaning Its successful execution will bring back to village economic prosperity, bring both outward and inward grace to the Indian village The CP of the present form is, in the main, an American concept It is, in a way, the culmination of the economics of rural reconstruction as learnt and developed in the US with its practical usefulness justified under the Indian conditions Emerged out of the experiments made at Etawah and Gorakhpur under the inspiration of Albert Meyers It is intended to apply it to the concept of the village community as a whole, cutting across caste, religious and economic differences.

7. “Not so much for the material achievements that they would bring about, but much more so, because they seem to build up the community and the individual and to make the latter the builder of his own village centers and of India in the larger sense.” Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru – the so called Architect of Modern India

8. Level     Administrative Head (Government)   Non-Official Head Nation     Planning Commission/ Niti Aayog Prime Minister / Chairman Planning Commission State     Development Commissioner Consultative Committee District     District Collector / Chief Executive Officer, Z.P. Chairman District Development Committee Block       Block Development Officer President Panchayat Samiti Village   Village Level Worker/ Gram Sewak / VDO Chairman Gram Panchayat lay down broad policies and to provide general supervision, economic development. This department prepared national basis programmes, budgeting, directing and coordinating throughout the country National Level State Development Committee, presided over by the chief minister and consists of all ministers of development departments. The Development Commissioner acted as Secretary to this committee - receive programme guidance from the centre and report progress and suggestions to the centre, maintained an administration relationship with the District Collector State Level Administration of CDP-1952, Prior to Panchayat Raj

9. District Level - district collector- chairman of the DDC, assisted by BDOs, DDC consists of all Heads of Department in the district Block Level – Headed by BDO, who is assisted by a team of experts in agriculture, cooperation, animal husbandry, cottage industries BDC consists of representatives of panchayats , cooperatives, progressive farmers, social workers, MPs , MLAs Village Level – VLW or Gram Sevak , acts as multi purpose man- incharge of about 7 to 10 villages. He is incharge of both village and family development. Last person in the chain

10. It promotes self-confidence among the rural population It develops self-reliance in the individual and initiative in the village community It effects change at the psychological level of the rural people It seeks to create new administrative machinery suited to the manifold needs of the village It is pre-eminently people-oriented Community thinking and collective action are encouraged through people’s institutions like the Panchayats , co­operative societies, Vikas mandals  The programme is instrumental in raising the standard of living of the ruralites and in reconstructing the rural India Prof. Carl Taylor rightly observes that the programme signifies active cooperation and involvement of the ruralites in formulating and executing their own plans and programmes The end result is social change, economic development and emergence of new local leadership at the village level The development of villages is very much important for the development of the nation CHARACTERISTICS IMPORTANCE

11. Economic Development Social Justice Democratic Growth Broad Objectives To increase agricultural production both quantitatively and qualitatively To solve the problem of rural unemployment To develop the means of transport and communication in the villages through repairing old roads and constructing new pucka roads To bring about development in the sphere of primary education, public health and recreation To assist the villagers to build good and cheap houses with the help of modern plans and new building methods To set up and encourage cottage industries and indigenous handicrafts holistic development of rural life through optimum utilisation of physical and human resources to provide all sorts of facilities available in a Welfare State to the ruralites Taking care of the social, moral and financial progress of the villagers Short-Term Objectives Long-Term Objectives

12. To assist each village in having effective panchayats , cooperatives and schools Through these village institutions, plan and carry out integrated multi-phased family, village, Block and District Increasing agricultural production Improving existing village crafts and industries and organising new ones Providing minimum essential health services and improving health practices Providing required educational facilities for children and an adult education programme Providing recreational facilities and programmes Improving housing and family living conditions Providing programmes for village women and youth Objectives

13. SCOPE Agricultural and allied activities reutilisation of virgin and waste lands, repairing of old wells, digging new wells and irrigation facilities , adoption of qualitative high-yielding seeds, manures, fertilizers, use of tractors, animal husbandry, poultry farming, fishery, soil conservation and growth of vegetables and plants etc. Organisation ‘co-operative service societies’, multi-purpose cooperative societies, ‘marketing co-operatives’ Education primary education, adult education and social education with the aim of expanding the mental horizon of the ruralites Employment setting up of small scale and cottage industries Health Services Provision for mobile, permanent dispensaries, arrangements for maternal care, medical aid during pregnancy, midwife service, child care Communication Repair of old roads, construction of new roads and arrangement for transportation and communication facilities Vocational Training Imparting vocational training in the field of tailoring, embroidery, carpentry etc Supply of Drinking Water Attempting to provide safe drinking water by repairing old wells or constructing new ones Social Welfare rehabilitation of old, disabled and destitute, provision for better housing, organisation of sports, promotion of cultural activities etc

14. Critics point out that the CDP has not yielded desirable results multifarious forces of social change are operating in the rural system in unison, it becomes an uphill task to know the role of each force in bringing about social changes in the villages The spatial aspect of the rural development plan has largely been ignored The concept was broader, ignoring the local needs as per the diversity of the rural India Red Tapping – bad attitude of the bureaucrates in the name of shiamdana and other voluntary services, the poor people of the village air exploited and made to offer voluntary service to the rich groups in the village Lack of skilled and trained female workers Lack of harmony among various departments of the government L ack of coordination between the bureaucrats and the ruralites Large rural population Lack of Decentralisation Further in 1957, Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was setup, then in 1987- based on Sivaraman Committee report, the Planning Commission issued guidelines to all the State to consider the block as the unit for planning In 1992- 73 rd CAA Criticism

15. ‘ Freedom from Hunger Campaign’ , renamed as ‘People’s Action for Development-India (PAD-I ) , further in 1986 renamed as ‘Council for Advancement of People’s Action and Rural Technology (CAPART )’ BAIF Development Research Foundation - A Leading NGO Committed to Rural Development - established by Dr. Manibhai Desai, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi at Urulikanchan , a village near Pune in 1967 Role of Non-Government Organisations

16. http://agridr.in/tnauEAgri/eagri50/AEXT191/lec06.pdf http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/india-2/the-community-development-programme-of-india-2405-words/4866/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_development_block_in_India www.baif.org.in/doc/.../ Community%20Devt%20in%20India.doc Gandhi, M.K. 1941. Constructive Programme : Its meaning and places. Navjeevan Publishing House, Ahmedabad : 9-20 Maheshwari , S.R. 1985. Rural Development in India : A Public Policy Approach. SAGE Publications, New Delhi : 35-51 NIRD. 1999. India Development Report – 1999 : Regional disparities in development and poverty. National Institute for Rural Development, Hyderabad : 198 pp Thapliyal , B.K. 1995. Decentralised planning in the Panchayati Raj Frame. In ‘Emerging Trends in Panchayati Raj (Rural local self-government) in India’. NIRD, Hyderabad : 71-102 References

17. Thank you