Community Health Nursing - unit 1

This presentation contains ;-
1. Definition of community
2. Definition of health
3. definition of nursing
4. Causes of poor health
5. Definition of community health nursing
6. Types of communities
7. community health
8. Public health
9. Aims of public health
10. Aims of community health nurse
11. Objectives of community health nursing
12. Principles of community health nursing
13. Function of community health nurse
14. The mission of community health nursing
15. concepts of health
16. components of community health nursing
17. Scope of community health nursing
18. Community health nursing roles

1. Unit - 1 Community Health Nursing Presented By – Mr. Atul Yadav (RN,RM) For more information visit- Medicalexpertcare.blogspot.com

2. Community Community: A group of people who share common interests, who interact with each other, and who function collectively within a defined social structure to address common concerns.

3. Health Health : Is state of complete physical, mental, and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO ).

4. Causes of poor health :-

5. Nursing Nursing: encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all setting. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles (ICN, 2002).

6. Community Health Nursing: Special field of nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public health and some phases of social assistance and functions as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the conditions in the social and physical environment, rehabilitation of illness and disability ( WHO Expert Committee of Nursing)

7. According to American Nursing Association “Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice applied in promoting and preserving the health of populations. the nature of this practice is general and comprehensive. it is not limited to a particular age or diagnostic group. It is continuous and not episodic. The dominant responsibility is to the population as a whole”

8. Definition of CHN :- Community Health Nursing is a synthesis of nursing and public health practice applied to promoting and preserving the health of the people.

9. Three Types of Communities Geographic = city, town, neighbourhood Common-interest = church, professional organization, people with mastectomies Community of solution = group of people who come together to solve a problem that affects all of them.

10. Community Health: Community Health: The identification of needs and the protection and improvement of collective health within a geographically defined area.

11. Public Health: "Scie n ce and art o f p re v en ti n g d isea s e, p ro l ong i n g l i fe, p rom ot in g health and efficiency through organized community effort . Aims: The sanitation of the environment. Control of communicable diseases. The education of individuals in personal hygiene. The organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of diseases. The development of social machinery to ensure everyone a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health. 6. so organizing these benefits as to enable every citizen to realize his birthright off birth and longevity” (Charles Edward A. Winslow, 1920)

12. Aims of CHN :- Aims: The aim of community health nursing practice is to promote health and efficiency To prevent and control diseases and disabilities. To prolong life by providing need based, well balanced comprehensive health care services to community at large through organized community efforts.

13. Objectives :- To increase the capability of community to deal with their own health problems. To strengthen community resources To control and counteract environment To prevent and control communicable and non- communicable diseases To provide specialised services To conduct research To prepare health personnel

14. Principles of CHN Recognized needs and functioning within the total health programme. Clearly defined objectives and purposes for it’s services An active organized citizens group of the community group is an integral part of the community health programme. Community health nursing services are available to the entire community

15. Principles of CHN Community health nursing recognized the family and community as units of service. Health education and counseling for the individual, family and community are the integral part of community health nursing. Participation in planning relating to goals for the attainment of health. The community health nurse should qualify as a full-fledged nurse. Based on the needs of the patient and there should be proper continuity of services to patients.

16. Principles of CHN Periodic and continuous appraisal and evaluation of health situation The community health nurse should function/serve as an important member of the health team . There should be provision for qualified nurse to make supervision for community health services . The community health nurse directs the patient to appropriate community resources for necessary financial and social assistance . Should not accept gifts or bribes from the patients

17. Principles of CHN The community health nurse should not belong to one particular section or political group. Community health agency should provide a continuing education programme for nurse The nurses assume responsibilities of their own continuing professional development through acquiring higher and higher education and forming and strengthening the professional associations The community health nursing services should develop proper guidelines, in maintaining records and reports. There should be proper facilities and job conditions. The community health nurse should maintain professional relationship with all leaders in the community and maintain ethics at all times.

18. Function of CHN :- Home visiting. Running child welfare clinic. Running family planning clinic or assisting. Assist in running ANC and PNC. (Antenatal clinic, Postnatal clinics) Conducts school health services. Carries out or assist the PHN(Public health nurse ) in inspection of day care centers. Collection of information or data from community. Health education. Record keeping.

19. The mission of community health nursing: The primary mission of community health nursing is improving the overall health of the population through health promotion, illness prevention, and protection of the public from a wide variety of biological, behavioural, social and environmental threats. "p ro m ote the good l i fe“ in all of i t s physica l, soc ial, psychological, cultural, and economic aspe c ts’’

20. Cont… Concept of Health Health: holistic state of well-being, including soundness of mind, body, and spirit W ellness : he a lth p lus the c apa c ity t o de v elop potential, leading to a fulfilling and productive life Illness: state of being relatively unhealthy

21. COMPONENT OF COMMUINTY HEALTH PRACTICE › Community health practice can be best understood by examining six basic components, which, when combined, encompass its services and programs. These components are: 1. Promotion of health. Includes all efforts that seek to move people closer to optimal well- being or higher levels of wellness . The goal of health promotion : Is to enable people to exercise control over their well-being and ultimately improve their health . Is to raise levels of wellness for individuals, families, populations, and communities.

22. 2. Prevention of health problems . Prevention of health problems constitutes a major part of community health practice . Prevention means : Anticipating and averting problems or discovering them as early as possible to minimize potential disability and impairment. Three Levels of prevention: Primary prevention : Action taken prior to the occurrence of health problems and directed toward avoiding their occurrence. Primary prevention includes health promotion, health protection, and illness prevention. Secondary prevention: The early identification and treatment of existing health problems. Tertiary prevention : Activity aimed at returning the client to the highest level of function and preventing further deterioration in health.

23. 3. Treatment of disorders :- It focuses on the illness end of the continuum and is the remedial aspect of community health practice . This occurs by three methods : Direct service to people with health problem. Indirect service that helps people to obtain treatment. Development programs to correct unhealthy conditions. Rehabilitation :- The fourth component of community health practice, involves efforts to reduce disability and , as much as possible, restore function . People whose handicaps are congenital or acquired through illness or accident e.g :. Stroke, . Heart condition, . Amputation, Mental illness.

24. Evaluation. The process by which that practices is analyzed, judged, and improved according to established goals and standards. Research. Is systematic investigation to discover facts affecting community health and community health practice, solve problems, and explore improved methods of health services

25. Scope of CHN :- The scope of community health nursing includes health promotion, illness prevention and restoration of health of individuals, families and communities . The scope of nursing is wide; there is still a much wider scope for a nurse. Nurse can work in different place, such as home care, nursing home, school health centre, old age home, industries.

26. Home care :- Nursing care services are received by number of patient at their when hospital are overcrowded for admitting the patients who require indoor care or when a patient is in need of isolated treatment.

27. School Health Nursing :- The nurse can work as SHN in school. The SHN renders/provide services. 1. To prevent diseases. 2. To promote and maintain good health of the school children’s The school health programmers are carried out by PHC. The nurse provides her services in the areas likes – health , education, - early diagnosis of disease - immunization - dental health - Health records of students

28. MCH and Family Planning The public health nurse plays a major role in the MCH and Family planning. It consists antenatal, postnatal, child care services. Nurse can easily motivate the mothers to accept the family planning and gain their cooperation in adopting to a small family norm.

29. Services provide by CHN :- The CHN includes nursing care of the family in sickness and health. The CHN should be able to…… To provide PHC in the community. To conduct routine antenatal and postnatal visits and to conduct deliveries when require. To carry out immunization. To promote health of the children by conducting under five clinic and referring cases who require medical care. To assess the social environment and nutritional needs of the community.

30. Rehabilitation centers :- Rehabilitation means restoration of all treated cases to the highest level of functional ability. Nursing is an important component in the rehabilitation of the disabled.

31. Community Health Nursing Roles: Client-oriented roles Delivery-oriented roles Population-oriented roles

32. A. Client-oriented Roles Caregiver Uses the nursing process to provide direct nursing intervention to individuals, families, or population groups Educator Facilitates learning for positive health behavior change Counselor Teaches and assists clients in the use of the problem solving process Referral Resource Links clients to services to meet identified health needs Role Model Demonstrates desired health-related behaviors

33. CONT… Advocate Speaks or acts on behalf of clients who cannot do so for themselves Primary Care Provider Provides essential health services to promote health, prevent illness, and deal with existing health problems Case Manager Coordinates and directs the selection and use of health care services to meet client needs, maximize resource utilization, and minimize the expense of care

34. B. Delivery-oriented Roles Coordinator/Care Manager Organizes and integrates services to best meet client needs in the most efficient manner possible Collaborator Engages in shared decision mak i ng regarding the nature of health problems and potential solutions to them Liaison Pro v ides and ma i ntains connec t ions and com m unication between clients and health care providers or among providers

35. C. Population-oriented Roles 1. Case Finder Identifies clients with specific health problems or conditions Geared toward awareness of population-level problems Leader Influences clients and others to take action regarding identified health problems Change Agent Initiates and facilitates change in individual or client behaviors or conditions or those affecting population groups Community Developer Mobilizes residents and other segments of the population to take action regarding identified community health problems or issues

36. Cont… Coalition Builder Promotes the development and maintenance of alliances of individuals or groups of people to address a specific health issue Researcher Co n d u cts st u dies to explain heal t h - related p h en o me n a and to e v alua t e t h e effectiveness of interventions to control them.

37. THANK YOU Visit – Nursing Study Y ouTube Channel