COMPACTION - DEMONSTRATION GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

1. SOIL COMPACTION

2. COMPACTION - is an artificial process of increasing the density of the soil by the use of the compactive energy and by the aid of water. -refers to the densification of soil by compressing the soil particles more tightly to remove air from void spaces. In geotechnical engineering densification imporoves the quality of soil by Mechanical Stabiliation.

3. Increase the soil shear strength It reduces the soil settlement It decreases the permeability of soil It increases the stability of the slope Effects of Compaction in Soil

4. SOIL COMPACTION EQUIPMENTS SMOOTH WHEELED OR STATIC ROLLER These rollers are great for flat or gradual surfaces like asphalt, but they have very little fraction, they’re not recommended for anything specialized. Smooth whelled rollers can be single or double drum rollers

5. SOIL COMPACTION EQUIPMENTS VIBRATORY ROLLERS These rollers are almost identical to smooth wheel rollers (Including the single and double drum) except for one major difference; they come with a specialized vibrating component. As the roller compacts and flattens the surface, it will vibrate. Since soil, asphalt and concrete have natural empty spaces, they can cause a building to warp and sink, causing damage to the structure. Using a vibrator roller on your construction project can help keep the building’s structural integrity. Other type of soil that vibratory rollers are great at compacting are crushed rock or gravel

6. SOIL COMPACTION EQUIPMENTS PNEUMATIC ROLLERS Sometimes called pneumatic tired roller, are a type of large, ride-on roller with several rows of rubber tires on the front or rear end. The rubber tires provide an 80% coverage area and uniform pressure throughout the width of the tires . They are typically used for pavements and can help smooth out and polish a project but are also great for cold-laid bituminous or cold mixed pavements and layers of loose soils.

7. SOIL COMPACTION EQUIPMENTS SHEEPFOOT ROLLERS Otherwise known as padffot or tamping rollers, are rollers with many shaped lugs, feet. They’re great for compacting soil and silty clay in road construction work. The sheepfoot drum’s weight can be increase by ballasting it with wate, damp sand, or mounting steel sections onto it, providing a more efficient compacting job. Likewise, any project with wet clay or other fine-grained soils at great depths should use this type of roller. You can finish off areas compacted by sheepfoot rollers by going over them with a pneumatic roller

8. SOIL COMPACTION EQUIPMENTS OTHER HANDHELD COMPACTION EQUIPMENT RAMMER PLATE COMPACTOR WALK BEHIND ROLLER

9. TEST REQUIRED Maximum Dry Unit Weight, ϒ d (max) Minimum Dry Unit Weight, ϒ d (min) Optimum Moistute Content Field Unit Weight (moist) , ϒ (field) Field Dry Unit Weight , ϒ d (field) PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST FIELD DENSITY TEST ( Sand Cone Method, Rubber Balloon Method & Nuclear Method )

10. PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST -T he P ROCTOR COMPACTION TEST is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the OPTIMAL MOISTURE CONTENT (O.M.C.) at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY ( ϒ d(max)). The test is named in honor of Ralph Roscoe Proctor , who in 1933 show that the dry density of a soil for a given compactive effort depends on the amount of water the soil contains during soil compaction. His original test is most commonly referred to as the Standard Proctor Compaction Test.

11. FIELD DENSITY TEST (F.D.T.)

12. SAND CONE METHOD 1. Fill the sand cone device with the same type of sand used for the calibration. Obtain the mass of the filled sand cone. 2. Prepare the surface of the location to be tested, so that it is a level plane. Place the base plate on the surface. 3. Excavate a test hole through the center of the base plate. The shape of the test hole should approximate the shape of the calibration chamber. The base plate should not overhang the test hole, and the bottom of the test hole should be flat. Place all the excavated soil in a sealed plastic bag to be used for water content measurement. 4. Clean the flange of the base plate hole, invert the filled sand cone device over the excavated test hole. Open the valve and fill the test hole, base plate, and funnel with sand. Do not perform the test if there are significant ambient vibrations (e.g., heavy equipment operation), and take care not to move or shake the device during filling. When the sand stops flowing, close the valve. 5. Determine the mass of the sand cone with the remaining sand. 6. Determine and record the mass of the moist soil material that was removed from the test hole. 7. Mix the soil material thoroughly, and either obtain a representative specimen for water content determination.