COMPLETE NOUN CLAUSE.pptx Complete notes about noun clause is described

Noun Clause

1. ADVANCED ENGLISH GRAMMAR (DEL PROGRAM) ENGLISH & HR LECTURER: MUJAHID IBRAHIMI Email & CELL: [email protected] 0799601531

2. CLAUSE & ITS TYPES

3. What is a Clause ??? A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and predicate . It forms a part of a sentence. In other words, a clause is set of words which has a subject and verb, but it may or may not always convey or have complete meaning. EXAMPLES : A. If you don’t study. B. When she came. C. What he said. D. This is the book. E. I talked to a woman. CLASSIFICATION OF CLAUSE Clause is generally divided into two main types or classes: 1. Dependent Clause 2. Independent Clause

4. DEPENDENT & INDPENDENT CLAUSE \ Dependent Clause: It is also called “Subordinate Clause / Relative Clause / Incomplete Clause “ It is a type of clause which has both subject and predicate, but it does not have complete meaning itself. It cannot stand alone. It needs the help of another clause to complete its meaning. It does not make sense or thought in itself. Dependent clause needs independent/main clause to give complete meaning. Independent Clause: It is also called “Main Clause / Principal Clause/ Complete or Standalone Clause It is a type of clause that has subject and verb and can stand alone by itself and always give complete meaning, sense or thought. It does not need the help of another clause because it expresses complete thought itself like a sentence.

5. DEPENDENT & INDPENDENT CLAUSE \ DEPENDENT & INDEPENDENT CLAUSE EXAMPLES When she arrived, we went to the party. If my brother comes, he will get married in July. Because Lailuma was very sick , she didn’t go to class. That she is very angry, no one can talk to him. Who had 24 children. I talked to a woman who had 24 children. While Sir. Haroon was teaching, they students dictating the notes. Which I bought last night. This is the book which I bought last night. Whatever you did , is absolutely right. That she is beautiful and innocent, everybody wants to marry her. Since the store doesn’t open till 9:00 AM, we need to have our breakfast first. Although it was raining yesterday, we went swimming.

6. TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSE NOUN CLAUSE It also known as “ Nominal Clause / Subordinate Clause .” It is a group of words which has a subject and verb and functions same as noun. It does the work of a noun in a sentence. Noun clause needs the help of main clause to complete its meaning. Itself it cannot express complete thought, sense or meaning. Dependent clause is mainly divided into three types: NOUN CLAUSES ADJECTIVE CLAUSES ADVERB CLAUSES

7. NOUN CLAUSE MARKERS KEY POINTS ABOUT NOUN CLAUSE It is introduced or began by the following words or markers: WH Words (What, Who, Where, When, How, Whom, Why, Which, Whose. whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, whichever etc…) That ( That clause) If / Whether ( If + sub + Verb) Noun clause answer t he questions w ith ( What and Who) No comma is need to separate noun clause EXAMPLES: What I know. MAIN STRUCTURE When he came. ( Marker + Sub + V + ROTS) That he sick. Where she lives Whatever you do.

8. CASES / USAGES OF NOUN CLAUSE Following are the main cases of noun clause: As subject of verb As object of verb As object of preposition As object of participle As complement of be As complement of adjective (Adjectival Complement) As subject of infinitive As Appositve case

9. CASES / USAGES OF NOUN CLAUSE AS SUBJECT OF VERB: In this case noun clause is used before verb or it begins the sentence. Examples: - Why she cried I don’t know. - That Asma is busy today they cannot go shopping. - Whoever is responsible for this mess should be punished. - Whatever she bought was so expensive and beautiful. - That they don’t come today we have to cancel the class. - What you said yesterday really hurt me. 2. AS OBJECT OF VERB: In this case noun clause is used after verb or used the end of the sentence. Examples: - I don’t know why she cried . - We have to cancel the class that they don’t come today . - You can choose what you want to buy. - It really hurt me what you said yesterday. - Do you know if she comes tomorrow?

10. CASES / USAGES OF NOUN CLAUSE 3. AS OBJECT OF PREPOSITION OR OBLIQUE CASE: In this case we use prepositions before noun clause. Examples: - Laila is tired of what her brother did last night. - He is interested in what we suggested him. - I am writing a book about how students can improve English skills. - They were sad for what they had sold last week. 4. AS OBJECT OF PARTICIPLE: We use gerund + that clause or noun clause to state an opinion. Examples: - Knowing that she has died was a sad news. - Discovering that it was right , I jumped with joy. - Hoping that she loves chocolate , he brought a box of them. - Knowing that he passed the test , his mother start crying. - Finding that the students succeeded made the parents so happy and proud.

11. CASES / USAGES OF NOUN CLAUSE 5 . AS COMPLEMENT OF BE: In this case we use noun clause after to be verbs to state something. Examples: - The problem is that we do not have an honest and loyal leader. - My belief was that Afghanistan would qualify for Semifinals. - This is what you have said. - The question is if she comes or not. 6 . AS COMPLEMENT OF ADJECTIVE: In this case we use noun clause after adjective expressing opinion / feelings. Examples: - It is important that he should come on time. - It was difficult that he couldn’t pass the test. - We were so happy that she came. - It was necessary that he had to leave the room. - Asma was angry that he broke her glasses.

12. CASES / USAGES OF NOUN CLAUSE 7 . AS SUBJECT OF INFINITIVE : In this case we use noun clause after full infinitive to state something. Examples: - Marwa wants to know where her brother is. - I need to find what she said yesterday. - The asked to solve what the problem was with computer. - She demanded to buy what she brought to the class. 8 . AS APPOSITIVE CASE: In this case we use noun clause after noun phrase to state a fact or opinion. Examples: - The man that we saw there is Mr. Abdullah. - The plan that they should leave the country is disappointing. - The reason why he left the room suddenly is unknown. - The questions that she asked were so interesting. - The idea that no one knows him is absolutely wrong.

13. That Clause We use a noun + that -clause to express opinions and feelings, often about certainty and possibility. We also use that with reporting nouns. Some nouns commonly used in this way are belief, fact, hope, idea, possibility, suggestion, statement, claim, comment, argument : I believe that someday I will be a good writer. Indonesian police are investigating the possibility that a bomb was planted on the train. We use a noun + that -clause to express opinions and feelings, often about certainty and possibility. We also use that with reporting nouns. Some nouns commonly used in this way are belief, fact, hope, idea, possibility, suggestion, statement, claim, comment, argument : I believe that someday I will be a good writer. Afghan police are investigating the possibility that a bomb was planted on the bus .

14. “ That Clause” after these verbs is commonly used assume , believe, discover, dream, guess, hear, hope, know, learn, notice, predict, prove, realize, suppose, suspect dan think. Example : You must realize that you don’t deserve to marry her. She comes from a rich family, and you are not

15. Noun clauses which begin with a question word* are also called Embedded Questions We use a noun + that -clause to express opinions and feelings, often about certainty and possibility. We also use that with reporting nouns. Some nouns commonly used in this way are belief, fact, hope, idea, possibility, suggestion, statement, claim, comment, argument : I believe that someday I will be a good writer. Indonesian police are investigating the possibility that a bomb was planted on the train. • What did he say? • When do they arrive? Does , did , and do are used in questions but not in noun clauses. Look what happens to the word order above in blue . ► I couldn’t hear what he said . ► Do you know when they arrive ? The noun clause comes after the main verb in the sentence.(hear, know) Do not use question word order in a noun clause. Use question wordplus -subject-plus-verb order and keep the same tense (past and present in the examples above).

16. Examples : Where does Anna live? What should they do ? How long has Amir been living here ? Whose house is that? I don’t know where Anna lives. What they should do is obvious. I don’t know how long Amir has been living here . I wonder whose house that is. What I said upset her. (noun clause as subject) He didn’t understand what I said . (noun clause as object) Remember: In a noun clause, the subject should be before the verb.

17. If Clause

18. We use a noun + that -clause to express opinions and feelings, often about certainty and possibility. We also use that with reporting nouns. Some nouns commonly used in this way are belief, fact, hope, idea, possibility, suggestion, statement, claim, comment, argument : I believe that someday I will be a good writer. Indonesian police are investigating the possibility that a bomb was planted on the train.

19. We use a noun + that -clause to express opinions and feelings, often about certainty and possibility. We also use that with reporting nouns. Some nouns commonly used in this way are belief, fact, hope, idea, possibility, suggestion, statement, claim, comment, argument : I believe that someday I will be a good writer. Indonesian police are investigating the possibility that a bomb was planted on the train.

20. Infinitives with Question Words and Whether

21. S

22. S Noun Clauses with that as their combining word

23. S

24. SEQUENCE OF TENSES Sequence of Tense is a grammatical rule, which set the agreement and relation of tenses used in the independent clause and dependent clause, or the main clause and the subordinate clause. The rules governing verb tenses are dictated by logic; an action in the future cannot happen before an action in the past; the past must come before the present, and the present before the future, etc . The sequence of tenses applies to adverb clause of purpose and noun clause .

25. By understanding the sequence of tenses, it will helps us to the following things: It helps us explain what someone said (indirect quotation) Eg: Someone says, “I get a new car.” (direct) She/He got a new car. (indirect) It helps us with conditional sentences (using the word “if” Eg: If you could take me home, I would be grateful. It helps us make sentences using the word “wish” Eg: I wish I could go with you.

26. There are some basic rules to the sequence of tenses: A past tense in the main clause is usually followed by a past tense in the subordinate clause. She said that she would come. I told you that I passed the exam. Exception: A past tense in the main clause may be followed by a present tense in the subordinate clause when the subordinate clause expresses a general fact/universal truth. The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun

27. A present or future tense is the main clause may be followed by any tense in the subordinate clause. She says that she was at home She says that is at home She says that she will be at home He will say that he is fine He will say that he was fine He will say that he will be fine

28. TQ