Components of garden

A tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most specie, they give a mass effect and beautiful look to the localities.
The cultivation of tree is called arboriculture.
The place where trees are grown either for landscaping or for scientific study is known as arboretum

1. components OF GARDEN (Trees, Shrubs, Shrubbery, Climbers and Creepers, Flower beds and Borders, Ornamental hedges, Edges, Drives, Roads, Walk and Paths)

2. INTRODUCTION Gardening  is the practice of growing and cultivating plants as part of  horticulture. This includes trees, shrubs and shrubberies, climbers and creepers, flower beds and borders, ornamental hedges, edges, drives, roads, walks and paths etc.

3. TREES A tree  is a  perennial plant  with an elongated stem, or  trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most specie, they give a mass effect and beautiful look to the localities. The cultivation of tree is called arboriculture. The place where trees are grown either for landscaping or for scientific study is known as arboretum.

4. SELECTION OF TREES Various forms of ornamental trees are: Columnar/erect tree: is good for planting in narrow side yards. They are good on either sides of an entrance. E.g.: Polyalthia pendula [false ashoka ] Global /oval shaped tree: have almost clipped appearance & add formal touch to the landscape. Eg . Thuja occientalis [northern white-cedar or eastern arborvitae]

5. Vase shaped trees: look beautiful with their grey branches. Many of the deciduous trees are vase-shaped. Eg : Pithecolobium saman [rain tree]. Pyramid shaped trees: look better when planned in such a way as to provide a distinct view from the lawns. Eg : Araucaria bidwillii [monkey’s puzzle tree] Weeping/pendulous trees: have drooping branches & flower spikes are always a favorite in a house garden. Make charming features on lawn edge. Eg : Cassia fistula  [ golden rain tree ,  canafistula ]

6. SHRUBS AND SHRUBBERY Shrubs play a major role in landscape. Shrubs are much branched woody perennials & has several branches arising from the base. Shrubs are smaller than trees and require less space than trees. They look like bushes in garden. In natural designs, shrubs are planted usually in the corners of gardens.

7. In informal gardens, the shrubs are not at all trimmed, but in formal gardens, they are trimmed at regular intervals to a particular height. They form a boarder on the sides of footpath. Usually only one species is grown to form a boarder. Shrubs are not grown for shade. Structurally, they provide bulk & mass in the landscape .

8. According to the size, shrubs may be classified into three: Small Medium Large

9. Small and medium sized shrubs are suitable to traditional uses. Large species fit best in commercial landscapes. e.g. C alliandra species Gardenia jasminoides Nerium indicum etc.

10. SHRUBBERY In formal gardens, the shrub boarder is created with more than two kinds of shrubs. Such a shrubby growth is called shrubbery.

11. CLIMBERS A climber is an annual or perennial herb or shrub with special structures to climb over a support. A good supporter is necessary to enable the climber to crawl up the pillar or any other structure to reach & spread uniformly.

12. CREEPERS Creeping plants or "creepers" are generally considered to be small, viny plants that grow close to the ground (they are sometimes referred to as "procumbent," as well).  In cases where their vines are long enough and you wish to have them climb a structure, they need to be artificially guided and secured to a support (trained), if they are to achieve any significant height (in this sense they differ from "climbers," which represent another class of vine ). For example, you could tie the vines to the structure loosely with twine. Even some plants that tend naturally to grow more upright often need such help.

13. FLOWER BED Dense growth of herbaceous annuals producing beautiful flowers in a small compartment is called flower bed. It look like flower carpet over the ground. The flower beds are made along the foundation of buildings or sides of paths. In large gardens they are grown in outward stretches of lawns. Eg ; Ipomoea, K ochia , Petunia, Zinnia etc

14. BORDERS Narrow flower beds with more length and width are called borders. Heterogeneous plants are grown in borders. Eg : Phlox, Viola etc. If herbaceous plants are grown they are called herbaceous border. If shrubs are grown as border then it is known as shrub border. If two or more species make up the border then it is known as mixed border .

15. ORNAMENTAL HEDGES A "hedge" is a wall composed of plants. Some are purely decorative, while others serve primarily a practical function. Hedge plants used decoratively are often trimmed to precise sizes and shapes and include  evergreen  and  deciduous shrubs . Such shrubs may also serve the practical function of affording a property some security.

16. Plants in hedges are frequently pruned to maintain a height of 50-100cm. They helps to keep the trespassing animals away. It helps in partitioning two compounds or a huge garden into small sectors. Hedges do not need special attention but proper watering, occasional weeding & timely trimming are essential to maintain a well set hedge. Eg : Thevetia nerifolia , Divi divi , Casuarina , Polyalthia etc.

17. EDGES Edges are used for dividing individual beds from one another or around the beds side of the paths, for giving lining to a lawn or for separating beds from foot path. Edges can be made of living and non living components Non living edges are made up of brick, stone, cement blocks, pebbles, shells, bamboo posts etc. The charm of a live edge with herbaceous plants and shrubberies trimmed neatly to a suitable design is incomparable.

18. Drives, roads, walk and paths All these should occupy in minimum space and not be too many in number. They serves to link one part of the garden with other part of the garden. Paths may be made up of pebble, brick, concrete or be paved. P aving can be done by flat stones or concrete slab or brick The interspace can be planted with ground spreads.

19. Drives and paths are prime features of any garden. Providing access and parking, drives can be constructed from a wide variety of materials including permeable paving blocks, gravel, ground reinforcement mesh or unit. There are different kinds of paths like stone path, cement path etc.

20. Drives

21. paths

22. Ground spreader

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