components of HVAC system.pdf

A detail presentaion on HVAC system

1. 1

2. terminologies relevant to HVAC
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Thermodynamicsisabranchofnaturalscienceconcernedwithheatandits
relationtoenergyandwork.Itdefinesmacroscopicvariables(suchas
temperature,internalenergy,entropy,andpressure)thatcharacterize
materialsandradiation,andexplainshowtheyarerelatedandbywhat
lawstheychangewithtime.
FluidMechanics:Fluidmechanicsisthebranchofphysicsthat
studiesfluids(liquids,gases,andplasmas)andtheforcesonthem.Fluid
mechanicscanbedividedintofluidstatics,thestudyoffluidsatrest;fluid
kinematics,thestudyoffluidsinmotion;andfluiddynamics,thestudyof
theeffectofforcesonfluid
motion.
Heattransferisadisciplineofthermalengineeringthatconcernsthe
generation,use,conversion,andexchangeofthermalenergyandheat
betweenphysicalsystems.Assuch,heattransferisinvolvedinalmost
everysectoroftheeconomy.Heattransferisclassifiedintovarious
mechanisms,suchasthermal
conduction,thermalconvection,thermalradiation,andtransferofenergy
byphase
changes

3. 02TERMINOLOG IES
In heat transfer, conduction is the transfer
of heat energy by microscopic diffusion
and collisions of particles or quasi-particles
within a body due to a temperature
gradient.hermalradiation.
Convection is the concerted, collective movementof
groups oraggregates
of molecules within fluids(e.g., liquids, gases) andrheids,
either through advection or through diffusion or as a
combination of both ofthem.
Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation
generated by the thermal motion of charged particles
in matter. All matter with a temperature greater

4. 4
DEFINITIONS
The Coefficient of performance or COP of a heat pump is a ratio of heating or
cooling provided to electrical energyconsumed.
COP=
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Q is the heat supplied or remove from the pump, W is the work consumed by the pump.
Energy Efficiency Ratio : The EER is the ratio of output cooling energy (in BTU) to electrical input
energy (inWatt-hour)
EER=
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Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio : It is the ratio of output cooling energy (in BTU) to
electrical input energy (inWatt-hour).
SEERisarepresentativemeasurementof howthesystembehavesoveraseason
wherethe outdoor temperaturevaries.
SEER=
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5. DEFINITIONS
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Kilo-Watt per Ton(kW/ton)
The efficiencies of large industrial air conditioner systems,
especially chillers, are given in kW/ton to specify the amount of
electrical power that is required for a certain power of cooling. In this
case, a smaller value represents a more efficientsystem.
HorsePower
Another unit in use in the US is the horse power (HP). This is a unit of
power and typically is used to specify the size of motors. It may also be
used to specify the input power of an air conditioning system. One HP
is approxima ely 746W.
Energy Star:
In the US, Energy Star is the Environmental Protection Agency’s
(EPA’s) indication for products that have high energy efficiency. it
makes it easy for consumers to identify and purchase products that
have higher energy efficiency than those products without such
designation.

6. ENVIRONMENT
CONTROL
SYSTEM
HVAC
system
-Air filtration
-Pressurization
-Temperature
-Humidity
-Airborne
cleanliness
Architectural or
isolation
system
-Walls
-Flooring materials
-Door & window
-Glove box/isolator
-Door interlocking
device
Personnel
contamination
control
-Uniform
-Mask
-Gloves
Cleaning and
disinfection
system
-Material
-Method
-Equipment
Monitoring and
control system
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7. 1)Provide a specific set of environment condition required for
PURPOSE the manufacturing process.
1)Heatingandcooling
2)Humidifyinganddehumidifying
FUNCTIONS 3)Cleaningtheair
4)Regulateairflow
5)Pressurization
1)Topreventcontamination
USES 2)Toprovidecomfortableworkingconditions
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8. Heatingissignificantinmaintaining
adequateroomtemperatureespecially
duringcoldweatherconditions.
Process of "changing" or replacing air in
any space to control temperature
or remove any combination
Air conditioning and refrigeration are
provided through the removal of heat
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9. Objective
Goal:To develop an automotive air-conditioning system that is
smaller and lighter than with conventional technology.
The Challenge:The system must be capable of keeping a
temperature of 22˚C inside a room, with an outside
temperature of 40˚C. Also, the system must be an efficient
heating system, keeping an internal temperature of 15˚C with
an outside temperature of 0˚C.
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10. H.V.A.C
H.V.A.C –Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning system
The HVAC regulates
Room Temperature
Humidity
Air Quality
Air Flow
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11. H.V.A.C
COMPONENTS:-
Air conditioners
AHUs
Dehumidifiers/ Heater
Filters (Pre & HEPA)
Dust extractore
Ducting (for delivery of controlled air)
Supply fans
Smoke detectores
Damper
Humidity/Temp./ Pressure sensor
Heating & Cooling coils
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12. DESIGN PARAMETERS
Energy efficiency
Cleanliness
Cost
Temperature uniformity
Humidity control
Chemical exhuast efficiency
Noise control
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13. Distribution
network
Exhaust
outlet
Outside air
Heating coil
Cooling coil
HEPA
filter
Valve / Dampers
Intermediat
e filter
Mixing
chamber
Return air
Pre-filter
fan
Room
humidifier
80% 20%
Schematic Representation of HVAC system
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14. Air handling unit
•Blower/Fan
•Heating and
cooling coils
•Humidifiers
•Dehumidifiers
Air distribution
Network
•Duct network
•Insulators
•Dampers or valves
Air filters
•Pre-filter
•Intermediates or
low efficiency
filter
•Terminal filter
(HEPA filter)
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15. HVAC SPECIFICATIONS
Temperature 18-23
o
C
Relative humidity 45% ±5%
Dry powder=30% ±5%
Moisture sensitive drug = 5% ±5%
Air velocity 80-120 ft/min
Airflow Laminar airflow
Pressure gradient 15 Pascal
Particulate count (Critical area)NMT 100 particles of 0.5 µm/ft
3
Air system failure alarm (ASFA)
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16. AParticulate monitoring in airMonthly
Daily
BHEPAfilter integrity testingYearly
CAirchange rate Monthly
DTemperature and Humidity Daily
EAir pressuredifferentials Daily
FMicrobiological monitoringDaily ( Inaseptic areas)
Decreased frequency in other
areas
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17. Sources of contamination
A. External Sources
The external contamination is controlled primarily by
1. High efficiency filtration,
2. Space pressurization and
3. Sealing of space penetrations
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18. B. Internal Sources-
Control is primarily through airflow design.
Construction finishes; personnel and garments; materials and equipments.
Important control precautions include:
1. Walls, floors, ceiling tiles, doors, and windows.
2. People must wear garments.
3. Materials and equipment must be cleaned before entering the clean room.
4. Room entrances such as air locks .
5. Air showers are used to remove contaminants from personnel before entering .
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19. AIR FLOW PATTERNS
Workbench (vertical) Cabin/ booth Ceiling
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20. Air conditioners
An air conditionerdesigned to change the
air temperature and humidity within an area (used for cooling and
sometimes heating depending on the air properties at a given time).
The cooling is typically done using a simple refrigeration cycle, but
sometimesevaporationis used,
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21. AHUs
•The air handling unit is an equipment consisting of fans,
heating and cooling coils, air-control dampers, filters .
•It collect and mix outdoor air with that returning from the
building space.
•The air mixture is then cooled or heated, after which it is
discharged into the building space through a duct
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22. To do work
1. What do heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC) systems control?
2-Mention the components of AHU’s?
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23. THANK YOU!