Comprehensive Analysis of Poultry Farming: Principles, Practices, and Challenges in Nepal.

This project on poultry farming presents an in-depth analysis of the industry, emphasizing its core principles, benefits, and the current state of poultry farming in Nepal. It starts with a thorough introduction to poultry farming, highlighting its critical role in the agricultural sector by providing substantial economic benefits, enhancing nutritional intake through protein-rich products, and utilizing resources efficiently compared to other livestock.

The project's objectives are multifaceted: first, to evaluate the housing conditions essential for optimal poultry health and productivity; second, to assess the present status of poultry farming in Nepal, including production trends and regional practices; and third, to identify and address common challenges faced by poultry farmers.

Key sections of the project include a detailed examination of housing designs, which cover aspects such as ventilation, space, temperature management, and the necessary equipment for maintaining a healthy environment for poultry. The housing section underscores the importance of designing facilities that ensure comfort and productivity while mitigating risks related to temperature extremes and inadequate ventilation.

A comprehensive literature review provides a backdrop of existing research on poultry farming practices, highlighting advances in technology, disease management strategies, and productivity enhancement techniques. This review supports the project's findings and recommendations with evidence from previous studies.

The methodology section describes the approach for the project, including the selection of appropriate sites for data collection, methods for gathering and analyzing data on poultry health and productivity, and strategies for addressing common issues such as disease outbreaks, suboptimal housing conditions, and challenges in feed management. This section emphasizes a systematic approach to understanding and improving poultry farming practices.

The poultry data report presents detailed performance metrics, including growth rates, egg production levels, and feed conversion ratios. This data is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of different management practices and housing designs. Calculations of ratios like feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg production ratio provide insights into farm efficiency and productivity.

Finally, the conclusion synthesizes the project's findings, emphasizing the need for continuous improvements and innovations in poultry farming practices. It highlights the importance of addressing identified challenges to enhance productivity and ensure the sustainability of poultry farming in Nepal. The conclusion reinforces the need for ongoing research and adaptation to evolving industry demands and environmental conditions.

This detailed summary provides a thorough overview of your poultry project, covering all the critical aspects and emphasizing the significance of each component.

1. PROJECT ON POULTRY Submitted by: Group ‘N’ Shreesha poudel (RN:79) Shubhechchha Dhakal (RN:80) Sushil Kumar Thapa (RN: 81) Sijan DC (RN:82) Sony Bhattarai (RN:83) Srijana Chaudhary (RN:84) Submitted to: Dr. Deepak Tiwari Coordinator of BVSc & A.H NPI, Bharatpur

2. Table of Contents S.N Topic Slide no. 1. Introduction 3 2. Objectives 4 3. Housing 5 4. Importance & Benefits 6-8 5. Present Status of Poultry farming in Nepal 9 6. Literature Review 10 7. Materials Required 11-12 8. Methodology 13-18 9. Poultry Data Report 19-22 10. Housing Temperature 23 11. Problem faced 24 12. Calculation Ratio 25 13. Conclusion 26

3. INTRODUCTION Poultry farming is  the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers . Poultry birds are rear for the purpose of their feathers, eggs, meat or faecal uses.

4. Objectives Broad objective: To know about the weight gain by the poultry by providing the feed and do economic analysis of it. Specific objective: To know about the diseases of poultry To know about the care that should be given to poultry To know about the daily feed uptake by the poultry To know how to manage the poultry farm

5. Housing There are three types of housing system : Free – range Semi – intensive c. Intensive : Deep litter Cage Here , in our project of poultry we practiced intensive (Deep litter) type of housing system . Intensive housing system(Deep Litter)

6. Important and benefit of poultry rearing Poultry Farming has so many benefits along with businesses. Due to these benefits, farmers prefer to do Poultry Farming business. The main purpose of Poultry Farming is the production of eggs, meat, etc. Numerous chickens were grown in poultry farms for the production of eggs and meat.  

7. Big Space is Not Required: Poultry Farming does not require a large space for practicing this technique. As these birds do not require any kind of special space for their growth. The main thing which they need is just a cage for their safety.  Require Less Capital:  Poultry Farming practices do not require more capital. As it only needs less investment just to buy birds and for food to feed them. So anyone can start a Poultry Farming business to earn a profit on a large scale as this business is in demand.  High-Profit Rate: Poultry Farming is among one of those businesses which give you a high-profit rate to a large extent. As it is cost-efficient, animal husbandry practice gives you more profit than expected. You can start this business from a few birds also and extend your poultry from them only.  Require Low Maintenance: In this practice, high maintenance is also required on birds. By taking care of a few things you can prevent these birds from various harmful diseases, just by investing a very small amount of money. The only thing which is needed is cleanliness and hygiene.  

8. License is Not Mandatory: In poultry farm practice having an authorized government license is not mandatory. If you are practicing it on a small scale then you do not have any license but doing it on a large scale needs government authorisation, and you can get it very easily.  Easy Marketing: Selling Poultry Farming products is very easy as they are in high demand. So, they do not need too much cost and effort to sell them.  Income & Employment Opportunities: Poultry Farming practice creates income and employment opportunities for many people. Unemployed educated youth can easily opt for this to raise their source of income.  

9. Present status of poultry farming in N epal Nepal lies at 112th position for chicken meat production of world, which is at the 92nd for egg production in world. Currently, total investment in this sector is around 22billion and total number of broiler farm is around 1000 and layer farm are 500 .

10. A Literature Review on Poultry farming The recent decades have come across several constraints in poultry farming progress. This made a need to examine the ways to develop poultry production and growth. The poultry products have the high demand for production mechanism leading to import the improved products of poultry. The advanced technology has transformed the structure and part of the poultry industry in south districts. In the short period, the poultry products are very efficient to pursuit the increasing supply of hatching eggs, eating eggs, day old chicks, meat bird, meat, and frozen meat based on the items such as Turkey, Japanese Quail, and Aseel.

11. Material required Feeder Brooder F Strain Vaccine (Ranikhet) E lectrolyte Water feeder Rice husk as bedding material Knapsack sprayer Broiler ration Lime Black plastic sheet Weighing machine Light Chicks(Broiler) Newspapper Thermometer Glufort Georgia strain (infectious bursal disease .

12. Knapsack sprayer B.P Plastic Feeder & waterer Chicken brooder Thermometer Litter (Rice Bran ) F-Strain Vaccine Georgia strain Broiler chicks ERS Electrolyte

13. Methodology The project work was started on poultry on 2078-11-18 by cleaning. Firstly the students were divided into 16 groups. Among it, our group was ‘n'. Poultry farm was cleaned by water and then dried by lime dusting and spraying glufort 2mlL/liter and also temperature is maintain by using black plastic all around the poultry farm for a day on 2078-11-20. Then dry husk or litter material(rice bran) was spreaded all over the area where poultry are to be kept and total chicks i.e. 204 chickens were kept at one place for brooding on 2078-11-22.

14. Brooding is done to maintain temperature of the poultry (95ºF) and also light bulb were installed. The newly hatched chicks were in dehydrated condition and also in stress due to the travelling ;as per to get recover over that all they were feed with electrolyte (glucose ,minimize the stress level) Dose of electrolyte 1000 chicks 200ml. For 204 chicks 40 ml . After feeding with electrolyte all the chicks are placed in the brooding space with proper temperature and with proper feeding material (B0) with 3 water feeder. In day6: 2078-11-23 feed and water is given In day10: 2078-11-27 chicks were distributed i.e. 11 and litter was added in each group In day 12: 2078-11-29 feed and weight gain measurement were started and vaccination also done by dilution of diluter + F strain vaccine of 500 doses against R anikhet disease (one drop in one eye of chick)

15. In day 19: 2078-12-06 infectious B ursal disease 200 doses in 5l water was given by such way that it should touch the mucus membrane of chicks In day 20: 2078-12-07 B1 feed started In day 28: 2078-12-15 B2 feed started In day 43: 2078-12-30 per group 2 chicken were distributed. In every week weight of chicks were taken and feed were given to the chicks by measuring accordingly .

16. Day Date Work performed Day 1 2078-11-18 Cleaning Day 3 2078-11-20 Installment of black plastic (temp 25 ° C) , dusting of lime and spraying of Glufort 2ml per liter. Day 5 2078-11-22 Litter (rice bran ) ,brooder (95 ° F) and light bulb installment and 1000 chicks 200 ml electrolyte for our 204 chicks 40ml Day 10 2078-11-27 11 Chicks were distributed and litter is add in each block Day 12 2078-11-29 Vaccination by dilution of Diluter + F strain vaccine of 500 doses against Ranikhet disease ( one drop in one eye of every chicks )

17. Day Date Work Performed Day 19 2078-12-06 Infectious Bursal disease(Georgia strain) 200 doses in 5l water and must touch the mucus membrane of chicks. One chick died due to unknown reason. Day 20 2078-12-07 B1 feed started to feed to the chicks Day 28 2078-12-15 B2 feed started Day 43 2078-12-30 Per group 2 chickens were distributed

18. ERS Electrolyte (glucose with water as per to reduce the stress) . Vaccinated by dilution of Diluter + F Strain vaccine of 500 doses against Rani khet disease (one eye one drop per chick) Bursal disease (Georgia strain ) (Mix in water and given to the chicks after making them thirsty for 1 hour)

19. Poultry D ata R eport Feed Requirement of Poultry/Week/Bird: S.N WEEKS Weight of feed Feed no. 1 1 st 167 gm B-0 2 2 nd 375 gm B-0 3 3 rd 650 gm B-1 4 4 th 945 gm B-2 5 5 th 1215 gm B-2 S.N WEEKS Weight of feed Feed no. 1. 1 st 262 gm B-0 2. 2 nd 589 gm B-0 3. 3 rd 1021 gm B-1 4. 4 th 1485 gm B-2 5. 5 th 1909 gm B-2 Feed Requirement of Poultry /Day/ Eleven Bird:

20. Feed Report: S.N. Date Feed no. Feed provided Feed remained 1. 2078-11-29 B-0 590 gm 2. 2078-11-30 B-0 590 gm 453 gm 3. 2078-12-01 B-0 590 gm 350 gm 4. 2078-12-02 B-0 590 gm 174 gm 5. 2078-12-03 B-0 590gm 90 gm 6. 2078-12-04 B-0 590 gm 40 gm 7. 2078-12-05 B-0 590 gm 10 gm 8. 2078-12-06 B-1 928 gm 30 gm 9. 2078-12-07 B-1 928 gm 150 gm 10. 2078-12-08 B-1 928 gm 100 gm 11. 2078-12-09 B-1 928 gm 80 gm 12. 2078-12-10 B-1 928 gm 50 gm 13. 2078-12-11 B-1 928 gm 10 gm 14. 2078-12-12 B-1 928 gm 10 gm

21. S.N. Date Feed No. Feed provided Feed remaining 15. 2078-12-13 B-1 1350 gm 10 gm 16. 2078-12-14 B-1 1350 gm 800 gm 17. 2078-12-15 B-2 1350 gm 550 gm 18. 2078-12-16 B-2 1350 gm 250 gm 19. 2078-12-17 B-2 1350 gm 400 gm 20. 2078-12-18 B-2 1350 gm 140 gm 21. 2078-12-19 B-2 1.7 kg 50 gm 22. 2078-12-20 B-2 1.7kg 500 gm 23. 2078-12-21 B-2 1.7kg 375 gm 24. 2078-12-22 B-2 1.7kg 200 gm 25. 2078-12-23 B-2 1.7kg 160 gm 26. 2078-12-24 B-2 1.7kg 250 gm 27. 2078-12-25 B-2 1.7kg 50 gm 28. 2078-12-26 B-2 1.7kg 150 gm 29. 2078-12-27 B-2 1.7kg 70 gm

22. Weight gain report per week: S.N. Date Net weight of 11 birds Net weight of /bird Wt. gain/bird 1. 2078-11-29 1788 gm 162.5 gm 2 2078-12-06 4842 gm 440 gm 277.5 gm 3. 2078-12-13 7811 781 gm 341 gm 4. 2078-12-28 12.5 kg 1.25 kg 469 gm One chick died due to some unknown reason on 2078-12-06

23. Housing temperature Weeks Temperature 1 st 95° F 2 nd 90° F 3 rd 85° F 4 th 80° F 5 th 75° F 6 th 70 °F

24. Problem faced No proper management . Lack of feed in proper time. No facility to diagnose the disease. No safety for poultry i.e. stealing and exchanging of poultries. No proper temperature management. No addition supplements were given to poultry. No proper management of light

25. Calculation Ratio As college administration have taken the responsible of poultry rearing from 5th weeks onward. Out of total 11 poultry 1 was dead because of unknown reason ,the total weight gain by 10 poultry 15kg On an average total weight gain by one poultry was 15/10 i.e. 1.5kg. On an average feed per chicken was 2.4 kg. Feed conversion ratio(FCR)= Average total feed intake per bird / Weight gain per bird i.e. 2.4/1.5 = 1.6 For broiler producers , an FCR of 1.6 means that their chickens gain 1 kilogram of weight for every 1.6 kilograms of feed consumed. The lower the FCR , the more efficient animals are at converting feed into food.

26. Conclusion Poultry is one of the most important occupations in Nepal. Number of local farmers are interested to be engaged in this farming. We were able to extract knowledge regarding the poultry farming and its management. Even the low investment can turn out to be beneficial in broiler farming. Feed intake by broiler was observed to be comparatively low but its production is maximum .

27. Thank you for your attention !