Comprehensive Guide to Communication: Elements, Functions, Levels, Models, and Barriers.pptx

Communication is the process by which two or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings or impressions in way that each gains a common understanding of the meaning, intent and use of messages - Leagans (1961). So its very important to know about the process of communication along with the elements of communication
, functions of communication, levels of communication, communication models, and barriers of communication

1. COMMUNICATION PROCESS Bhavana Sajeev PhD scholar Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

2. CONTENTS Communication - origin and definition Levels of communication Elements of extension communication system Models of communication Different types of communication Basic functions of communication

3. Communication - origin and definition Communication Latin word “Communis” - common Communication is the process by which two or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings or impressions in way that each gains a common understanding of the meaning, intent and use of messages - Leagans (1961)

4. Levels of communication 1. Intrapersonal communication 2. Interpersonal communication 3. Organisational communication 4. Interorganisational communication (Thayer, 1968)

5. 1. Intrapersonal communication Communicating within one’s self Co-function of the individual and of what is going on in his environment that has immediate relevance for him Perceived and comprehended through ourselves

6. 2. Interpersonal communication Face-to-face situations The participants can see, hear, and even touch the other person Immediate feedback Chance to structure and restructure communication based on the response of other(s)

7. 3. Organisational communication Occurs in a highly structured setting Two-way communication Determines the quality and climate of human relationships in an organisation

8. 4. Interorganisational communication Communication between organisations Occurs between people Data transportation

9. Elements of extension communication system Communicator 2. Message 3. Channel 4. Treatment and presentation 5. Audience 6. Audience response

10. 1. Communicator Starts the process of communication Carrier of information Agriculture and rural development - extension agent Take the help of audio visual aids

11. 2. Message The content or subject matter Information which is relevant to a particular type of audience Noise What to do, how to do, when to do, what would be the result Recommendations from research, the technology etc.

12. 3. Channel Medium through which information moves from sender to one or more receivers According to form Spoken : Farm and home visit, farmers call, meetings, radio talk etc. Written : Personal letter, farm publications, newspaper etc. 2. According to nature of personnel involved Personal localite : local leaders, local people Personal cosmopolite : extension agents Impersonal cosmopolite : mass media

13. 3. According to nature of contact with people Individual contact : farm and home visit, farmers call, personal letter etc. b) Group contact : group meeting, small group training, field day or farmers day c) Mass contact : mass meeting, campaign, exhibition, television etc. Cont’d…

14. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ON THE BASIS OF CHANNEL Cont’d… Verbal communication Messages are transmitted verbally - oral and written (mnemonics)

15. Cont’d… 2. Non-verbal communication (kinesics) “Action speaks louder than words”

16. 4. Treatment and presentation The way the message is processed To make message clear, understandable and realistic to the audience Depends on choice of the channel and the nature of audience Encoding - Speaking and writing Decoding - Listening and reading

17. 5. Audience Main target and important element in the process of communication Communication to be successful, must be target oriented

18. 6. Audience response Ultimate objective of any communication function In the form of some kind of action, mental or physical

19. Models of communication Aristotle’s model of communication Lasswell’s Model Shannon and weaver model of communication Berlo’s model of communication Schramm’s model of communication Leagan’s model of communication Rogers and Shoemaker model of communication

20. 1. Aristotle’s model of communication 384-322 BC First basic persuasive communication model No feedback SPEAKER SPEECH LISTENER

21. 2. Lasswell’s Model 1948 Linear model of communication, one-way communication Political communication, propaganda, political symbolism

22. 3. Shannon and weaver model of communication -1949 Mathematical theory of communication Information theory Best suited to broadcasting of farm information

23. 4. Berlo’s model of communication 1960 Most widely used model Continuous process Noise is reduced by feedback

24. 5. Schramm’s model of communication -1961

25. 7. Rogers and Shoemaker model of communication - 1971 1961 Best application to field extension work

26. Basic functions of communication

27. Barriers of Communication Semantic barrier - People attach different meaning to things Technical barrier - Problem of accuracy of information transferred from sender to receiver Influential barrier - Perceptual barriers Psychological barrier - Attitude affect the communication process between two individuals

28. THANK YOU