Computer 1stQ Lesson 7 and 8 - The Elements of a Computer and the Parts of a Computer System.pptx

The Elements of a Computer and the Parts of a Computer System.pptx

1. LESSON 7: THE ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER pp. 52 – 93

2. The Elements of a Computer All types of computers have one common characteristic. They have what we call elements. Elements are important since a computer cannot work on its own. Aside from its physical parts, it needs other important components to work better. These are the elements of a computer: the Hardware , Software , and Peopleware .

3. The Elements of a Computer HARDWARE 01 02 SOFTWARE 03 PEOPLEWARE

4. HARDWARE 01

5. HARDWARE These refers to the physical parts of a computer that can be seen and touched. It also includes devices that perform functions of Input , Output , Process , and Storage . Here are some examples of hardware.

6. SOFTWARE 02

7. SOFTWARE These are the programs inside the computer. You can see them, but you cannot touch them. There are two kinds of software that can be installed into your computer – the system software and application software . System software – it is a program that controls the operations of the computer like running an application or a program. An example of this is the OS or Operating System. Without the Operating System software, a computer cannot be used. Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, 8.1, Windows 10, Mac OS X, Unix, and iOs are examples of an OS.

8. SOFTWARE

9. SOFTWARE 2. Application software – these are the programs inside the computer that are useful and will enable us to do productive work. WordPad, Paint, PowerPoint, and MS Word are examples of application software.

10. WORDPAD

11. MS WORD

12. POWERPOINT

13. PAINT

14. PEOPLEWARE 03

15. PEOPLEWARE It refers to persons who have the ability to use and enhance performance of computers. Examples are computer technician, computer engineer, computer programmer, and web designer.

16. LESSON 8: PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM pp. 52 – 93

17. PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM INPUT DEVICES PROCESSING DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES STORAGE DEVICES

18. INPUT DEVICES You can place data in the computer using input devices; they give commands to the computer so you can enter data. Example of input devices are the keyboard and the mouse. The keyboard is the primary input device used for entering letters, numbers, symbols, or other commands. It is composed of 101-104 keys that are arranged in four groups according to what they can do.

19. PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD

20. PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD Function keys – they are located at the topmost part of the keyboard. They start from Esc (Escape), F1 to F12 . Function keys will allow you to give commands without entering long instructions. Example: the Escape Key is used to cancel a command.

21. PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD 2. Alphanumeric keys – this group is the biggest part of the keyboard. It is composed of alphabets , numbers , and other keys that we frequently use.

22. PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD 3. Cursor keys – these are the arrows that are used to change the location or movement of the cursor on the screen. You can use the Up , Down , Left , and Right arrows to move the cursor easily.

23. PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD 4. Numeric keys – they look like a calculator. They can include the four mathematical symbols such as: Addition + Multiplication * Subtraction - Division /

24. PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD The Status lights located on the upper part of the numeric keys tell us if the key is activated such as: Num Lock, Caps Lock, and Scroll Lock .

25. The Three Rows of the Keyboard

26. Proper placing of fingers on each key of the keyboard

27. Uses of the Other Keys on the Keyboard Enter – pressing this key will move the cursor down to the next line. Backspace – pressing this key will delete letters or the numbers at the left side of the cursor. Spacebar – it is used to put space between words or letters that we type.

28. Uses of the Other Keys on the Keyboard Shift – this key is used to type a single capital letter. It can also be used in typing all the symbols that can be found in the alphanumeric key. Caps Lock – this key is used to make all the letters that you typed capitalized. Delete Key – pressing this key will delete letters or numbers at the right side of the cursor.

29. The mouse is an important device that is used by gliding around the mouse pad. You may consider it as an extension of your hand. Every time you move your mouse, you see the arrow on the screen moving. We call that a mouse pointer The Computer Mouse as an Input Device

30. PARTS OF THE MOUSE

31. Different Uses or Functions of the Mouse Point – it is done by placing the tip of the mouse pointer over an object or icon you like. Click – it is done by pointing to an object, then pressing the left mouse button once. Double-click – it is done by pointing to an object, then pressing the left mouse button twice and fast. Right click – it is done by pressing the right mouse button. Drag – it is done by pointing the mouse, then pressing the left mouse button without releasing it until you reach the place you want to choose. Wheeling – it is used to move the scroll wheel upward and downward to show the hidden parts of your window.

32. Other Input Devices That Will Help You Give Commands on Your Computer Joystick and Game Controller – these are usually used when playing games on a computer. They control the cursor motion or arrows on the game pad. Stylus or Pen Input – it is usually used for a tablet PC, in a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), and even in some smartphones to easily access or open a command or program.

33. Other Input Devices That Will Help You Give Commands on Your Computer Digitizers and Graphic Tablets – these are similar to mouse but used with the help of a stylus to draw or write on a special tablet that is connected to a computer. Digital Camera – it is used to take pictures that can be placed and downloaded to your computer.

34. Other Input Devices That Will Help You Give Commands on Your Computer Scanner – it is used to copy or scan documents just like a photocopying machine. The document, picture, or anything you scan will do directly to your computer. Barcode Reader – it is an electronic device that is used to read barcodes on the product you see in stores. After the barcode of a product is read by the computer, it will show the price of that product.

35. Other Input Devices That Will Help You Give Commands on Your Computer Remote Control – it can control a computer system from a distant location. Touch Screen – this device is used to make a selection by just touching the screen.

36. PROCESSING DEVICES The Central Processing Unit (CPU) helps convert all the data into useful information. It is also known as the brain of the computer. It is located inside the System unit or system tower that holds the motherboard and other components used to process data. There are two main parts of the System Unit:

37. SYSTEM UNIT 1. The External parts – these are the parts outside the System Unit.

38. SYSTEM UNIT Casing – it is the hard case that covers and protects the parts inside the System Unit. Power switch – it is used to turn on the computer. Reset switch – it is used to restart your computer without turning it off; usually used when the computer hangs. Universal Serial Bus (USB) port – it is the slot where the USB devices such as flash drive are inserted. CD/DVD-ROM drive – it is where the CD or DVD is inserted.

39. SYSTEM UNIT Ports – these are the holes at the back of the System Unit. By using cables, the ports help connect the other parts such as the monitor, mouse, printer, joystick, and more. LED (Light Emitting Diode) – it is the blinking light around the power switch that lets you know if the computer is turned on.

40. SYSTEM UNIT 2. The Internal parts – these are located inside the System Unit. The small chip which is called the Microprocessor or also known as the CPU or Central Processing Unit serves as the brain of the computer.

41. SYSTEM UNIT Power supply – it supplies electrical power that enables all internal parts to work as well as the System Unit. Motherboard – it is where the cards, processor, and memory chips are placed. Fan – it keeps the parts inside the system unit cool.

42. OUTPUT DEVICES While processing data, the computer displays the information using output devices. These are used to display the result of what you are doing in a computer. The monitor, printer, and speakers are examples of output devices.

43. It is like a television set that shows information through a screen. The output shown on the screen is called a soft copy. MONITOR

44. PARTS OF THE MONITOR

45. PARTS OF THE MONITOR Speakers – they produce sound from the computer. Display screen – this is where you see the things you are doing on the computer. Anything that you see on the screen is called a soft copy. Monitor stand – it serves as the knee or leg because it holds and supports the monitor screen. Monitor base – it serves as the toe or foot because it supports the weight of the entire monitor.

46. PARTS OF THE MONITOR LED – the system unit monitor has a Light Emitting Diode (LED) which serves as a signal if the monitor is on or off. Power switch – it lets you turn on and off your monitor. Adjustment buttons – you can use these buttons to adjust the color and brightness of the screen. Casing – it protects the inside parts of the monitor.

47. The printer will allow you to print data on paper. The printed output is called a hard copy . There are three types of printers: 1. Dot Matrix printer – it produces a loud sound and dotted patterns when printing. It prints slowly and uses a ribbon that produces only black color. PRINTER as an Output Device

48. 2. Inkjet printer – this type of printer uses air that sprays ink through the needle going to the paper. It prints faster and more quietly than the dot-matrix. It can produce a colorful output using different ink colors. PRINTER as an Output Device

49. 3. Laser printer – it is one of the more expensive type of printers. It uses a laser and powdered ink to produce a high-quality output. Most of the laser printers nowadays have a built-in scanner. PRINTER as an Output Device

50. Other Specialized Output Devices Projector – it is typically used for seminars and even in classroom discussions, so that everyone can see the output through the wall or a projection screen. Speakers – they are also considered as an output device because they produce sound from the computer. Headphone and headset – you can use them if you want to hear sound on your own.

51. Other Specialized Output Devices Plotters – they look like a giant printers. They can print pictures and texts as posters and tarpaulins that can be posted on billboards. They are more expensive than the average printers. Braille translator – this device is usually used by the visually impaired. They can read text through a braille. Any word processed by the computer can be turned into a braille at the touch of a button.

52. THE COMPUTER MEMORY After having an output of all the data you entered into your computer, it is always good to have a copy of those data by means of saving them in the computer memory or in a storage device. A computer’s memory is one of the most important parts of the computer. A computer has two types of memory. These are the main memory and secondary memory .

53. 1. The Main Memory – this kind of memory can be seen inside the system unit. These are RAM and ROM . RAM (Random Access Memory) – it is also known as a Temporary Memory because RAM can remember a lot of things, and can also change or process information, but once the computer is turned off, the data stored will be erased. THE COMPUTER MEMORY

54. ROM (Read Only Memory) chips – it is also known as a Permanent Memory because the ROM is good at remembering, and all the information saved in it cannot be changed or erased. THE COMPUTER MEMORY

55. 2. The Secondary Memory – this is also called a backup device because it supports the main memory. You can save data and information in it for future use. THE COMPUTER MEMORY

56. Hard Disk – it is a storage device that can be found inside the System Unit. Every time you save a file in your computer, it goes straight to the hard disk. It has bigger capacity so you can store a lot of information in it. Compact Disk – this is a portable disc that you can carry anywhere. There are different types of compact discs. Here are some examples: TYPES OF SECONDARY MEMORY

57. CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) – this type of CD will allow you to store files only once. CD-RW (Compact Disc-Rewritable) – this type of CD will allow you to store files many times. Examples of Compact Discs

58. CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) – this type of CD can only read information or data stored in it, but you will not be able to add new information in it. DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) – this is the new generation optical disc. It is much bigger and faster disc that can hold video better than a CD. You can also save audio, photos, and other computer data. Examples of Compact Discs

59. USB (Universal Serial Bus) Flash Drive – this is a memory stick that is much bigger in capacity than a compact disc, smaller in size, and can perform better. SD Card and Micro SD or Memory Cards – these are usually used for cellular phones, tablets, cameras, and other gadgets for saving files, much smaller than the USB flash drive and CDs. TYPES OF SECONDARY MEMORY

60. THE SECONDARY MEMORY Secondary memory or storage devices are used for storing data for future use, so if your computer is accidentally broken and you need your files, you still have a copy of that. Saving a file is just like saving your excess money or your daily allowance. If you save a lot – in times of need – you will have enough money and you will not have to ask your parents for it. It will show that you are responsible and independent.