Computer fundamental

1. Chapter 01

Introduction to Computers

Computer Fundamentals - Pradeep K. Sinha £ Priti Sinha

2. Computer Fundamental Arras

Inning € Chives

3. Computer Fundamant

4. Computer Fundamen Pit Sidi

5. Computer Fundamento so i Stila derrito Sine

of Comouters

6. Computar Fundamental rro sinne rrith Sir

of Comouters

7. Computar Fundamental rro sinne rrith Sir

of Comouters

8. Computer Fundamantals™ Prego iC Sinha 2 rrith Sir

Evolution OMSormouters

9. Computer Fundamantals™ Prego iC Sinha 2 rrith Sir

10. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Some Well Crown early Corrouiers

11. Computer Fundamentals "re Seprit Sinner

Comouter Cenerations

12. ‘Computer Fundamentalssrrdaao ini

¥ ——. 3
Comouter Cresnerations
4

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Ref Page 13 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Slide 12/17

13. " |
Introduction to Computers Slide 13/17

Ref Page 13 Chapter 1:

14. nt |

Ref Page 13 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Slide 14/17

15. nt LL

Ref Page 13 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Slide 15/17

16. Cl

lectronic De

2

de) A Mira Thi (ie A Treralatar te) An IS Chip

Ref Page 07 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Slide 16/17

17. Kay Words’ Pr

18. Cha;

Introduction to Computers

19. Dre alada Coma Saez

Data

Manipulate Data

Output Results

20. A

mp ‘due to incor

and lack of concentration. It can
hours without creating any error and wit

tility pable
any task, ifthe task can be reduced to a finite

Power of Remembering: Compute
fecall any amount ol Information becau:
dary ts or

information only when itis asked to do so

21. À computer does only what itis programmed
Tt cannot decision inthis regard

No Feelings: Computers are devoid of emotions. 7
Judgement is based on the instructions given to them in
the form of programs that are written by us (human

Evolution PEO puters

Blaise Pascal invented the fist mechanical

machine in 1642

Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz invented the first
Jator for multiplication in 167

Keyboard machines originated in the United States

around 1880

‘Around 1880, Herman Hollerth came up with the concept

ol punched cards that were extensively used as input

Pt pe (hair Inden a Compa per

22. the father

His efforts established a number of principles that
fundamental to the design of any digital

Somes Well own Early Conouiters

The Mark | Computer (1937-44)
The Atanasofl-Berry Computer (1999-42)
The ENIAC (1943-46)

The EDVAG (1946-52)

The EDSAC (1947-49)

Manchester Mark 1 (194

The UNIVAG I (195

23. a
Computer conarations

eneration” in computer talk is a stop in technolo
computer indus

iginaly it was distinguish between vario

om pute

24. —:
Computer conarations

Compr

25. Jursr Carer
Computer

33. Chapter 02

Basic Computer Organization

Computer Fundamentals - Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

34. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Inning Odpectives

35. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Inning Odpectives

36. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Operations of a Cormowror System

37. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

38. Computer Fundamentals

Basic Or ganizalion ofa eal ETE
na

Ref. Page 16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Slide 6/16

39. Inout Unit

Computer Fundamant

Reagan iC Sinha ee Priti Sine

40. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Outout Orit

fle

41. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

1.

42. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Two TyoesoRStorage

43. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Two TyoesoRStorage

44. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Arlinmetic hegre Unit (ALU)

45. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Control Un TrECU))

46. Arithmetic Central
Logic Unit Control Unit Processing

(ALU) (CU) Unit (CPU)

Ref. Page 18

: Basic Computer Organization Slide 14/16

47. Computer Fundamant

ton Gonceot

Reagan iC Sinha ee Priti Sine

48. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Key WordsPPnrases

49. ing Od jae!

s chapter you will learn about

Input

50. ntrai Processing Unit (CPU)

putting. The pro

E

51. al of the ab

sie Organize

52. Input Unie

It accepts (or reads) instru utside

pplies the 4 and data to the

54. 170)

that prim

mputer +)

55. a

E

63. Chapter 03

Number Systems

Computer Fundamentals - Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

64. Computer Fundamental Arras

Inning Odpectives

65. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

Inning Odpectives

66. Computer Fundamant

Nuri r

67. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Non-oositiorral Numoer Sy stars

68. Computer Fundama agas iC Sin ec rrith Sinner

Positional Nun Her Systern s—

69. Computer Fundamal agas iC Sin ec rrith Sinner

onal Nermloer Systerr

70. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

imal Nirreosr Syste

71. Computer Fundamental Arras

Decimal Nútreosr Systern

72. serrith Sinner

Binary Nurloer

73. Computer Fundamentals "re SI Seprit Sinner

Binary Nurloer Sysiern

74. Computer Fundamental Arras Sinha 2 rrith Sir

"Be Nun sers in Different Murnoer

75. Computer Fundamental d ina ee Frith Sint

76. Computer Fundamental Arras

al Nur Der Systern

Oci

77. Computer Fundamental Arras

Num er Syste rr

78. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

79. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

darnos, Systerr

80. Computer Fundamantlserı
Converting 2 Ntmmnoer of Anotner
Decimal Numoer

81. Computer Fundamantlserı
Converting 2 Nwmoer of Anotner
Decimal Numoer

82. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

Convertir a Number of

Anotn

83. Computer Fundam antarer

Convert)

Anotne

84. Computer Fundam antarer

Convertir

Anotn

85. Computer Fundamantals™ Prego iC Sinha 2 rrith Sir

Converting Noa of Some Dase to 2 Nurnoer

of Another 3

86. Computer Fundamantals™ Prego iC Sinha 2 rrith Sir

Converting Noa of Some Dase to 2 Nurnoer

of Another 3

87. Computer Fundamantserrigasy i Sint ce Pritt Sine

Converting Noa of Some Dase to 2 Nurnoer

of Another 3

88. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

89. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

90. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter
Snortsur Merroedtor Converting an Ocial
Numoor to lis Equivalent Binary Numoer

91. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter
Snortsur Merroedtor Converting an Ocial
Numoor to lis Equivalent Binary Numoer

92. Computer Fundamantserrigasy i Sint ce Pritt Sine

Snortcur Merrocior Converting à Simery

Numoer to its Equivalent rlexadecimalNurnrroor

93. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

Snortcur Merrocior Converting à Simery

Numoer to its Equivalent rlexadecimalNurnrroor

94. Computer Fundamental Arras

Snortsur Merrgekigr Converting a rlacacdecirn al

Numoer to lts. Equivalent Binary Numoer

95. Computer Fundamental Arras

Snortsur Merrgekigr Converting a rlacacdecirn al

Numoer to lts. Equivalent Binary Numoer

96. Computer Fundamental Arras

Snortsur Merrgekigr Converting a rlacacdecirn al

Numoer to lts. Equivalent Binary Numoer

97. Computer Fundamant

oral Nermoers

98. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Formation Of rractional Nurmoers in —

Binary Murder ar m (Exarn ple)

99. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Formation Of rractional Nurmoers in —

Binary Murder ar m (Exarn ple)

100. Computer Fundamentals” GLA EED) Sint de Frith Singer
NGI) RA a
stem (Exarmole)

Formation Of

Pra
Octal Numoer Sy

101. Computer Fundamentals” GLA EED) Sint de Frith Singer
NGI) RA a
stem (Exarmole)

Formation Of

Pra
Octal Numoer Sy

102. Computer Fundamant

ay Words/PArnr

103. Number Sy

nin Vorzeit

s chapter you will learn about

Hexadecimal number

104. Dre} (Chante hunde oma cr

Number Syston

Two types of number system:

105. Use symbol:

ls called digit

106. base

power of the base (10)

107. Decimal

Example

10°) + (5 x 102) + (8x 101) + (6

of the base ( "
This ni

fat on 21 (hte 3 Rumba Soa un

108. Pas 21 renier

ÉD TT Ss Different i
ias

fat aoe 21 peewee mu

109. it stands for binary dig

than the value of the base

110. Dre: ne hunde oa aer

a

111. Cony
asin

Meth

ing Tomar of Anotne
Mure

Multiply the

112. Con yscing à Veber of Another
Decimal Number

Con yarting TDi

Austin Base.

Dre En

113. Cover ind Dei

Anotar Bass.

Example

8|952 Remainder
119

ut Poe 22 car 3: Rumba ri

aci] Ysaiulal umber to a Momo ar of
olor Basa

114. of Andlitas Base

imal numb ained to

AS ht 3: Mama rt Sau

115. Dre (ni Namba Sos

asta tol Cony arting

fo its Equivalent Ootal Number

A ht 3: Mama rt ee

116. fat oe aa car 3: Rumba Sr pr

117. GENE Oehisr Converting an Aska)
Humberto lis Equivalent Binary vine

E

Poe 30 (ni Namba Sos

seiımal ld
Method

Pr car 3: Rumba ri au

118. Satie?
Mumia

Verting a Hasadacia
ent Binary Mumisr

imal equivalen

fat Pan a car 3: Rumba Sr a

119. CE
Humber te i

mbine the binary groups
0010 1010 1011
B

001010101011

A ht 3: Mama rt o

120. representation

Eat ag oP Frais
Binary lam ban System (E

fat oe aa car 3: Rumba Sr per

121. Dre (ni Namba Sos

Formada OP Praational Mur
Winder System (Example)

AA ht 3: Mama rt pr

122. form
de

fat oe aa car 3: Rumba Sr per

137. Chapter 04

Computer Codes

Computer Fundamentals - Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

138. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Inning Odpectives

139. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

140. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

f

141. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

142. Computer Fundamantareemegasy i. Sina 2 Preity Sint

143. Coding of PAWDiostic and Numeric =>

Characters in SCD

BCD Ena BCD Code

Ref. Page 37 - Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 7/30

144. Characters in SCD

a

BCD Code Octal

Ref. Page 37 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 8/30

145. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

carr erke |.)

146. Computer Fundamantals™rrdaao i Sinha 2 rrith Sir

‚ID Coding@scnemns (Exarmete 2)

147. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

148. Coding of AlOneogiic and Numeric —,

Characters in ESCDIC

EBCDIC Code

Ref. Page 39 - Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 12/30

149. Coding of AlOrmestic and Numeric —.

Ze

Characters in ESCDIC

| EBCDICCode | Code

Ref. Page 39 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 13/30

150. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Zoneed Decttrrral Nurnoers =

151. Ref. Page 40 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 15/30

152. Computer Fundamental Frith sinter

153. ple sy) or Conversion of Zoned nn

EXA
Decimal Numoers to Packed Decimal Borre

EBCDIC | Sign Indicator

Ref. Page 40 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 17/30

154. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Ochre Serra ri à

155. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

156. 20
El

Coding of NWirenie ane

Alonaostig Characters in ASCII

ter

ee 1
Ref. Page 42 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 20/30

157. 20
El

Coding of NWirenie ane
Alonaosti¢ Characters in ASCII

ee 1
Ref. Page 42 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 21/30

158. 20
El

Coding of NWirenie ane
Alonaosti¢ Characters in ASCII

ee 1
Ref. Page 42 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 22/30

159. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

ASTI )-7 Coche Ser erre

160. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint
,

Cl 1-3 Cocher Sener e

161. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

162. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Unicoce

163. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

164. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Sorting In XCD! So

165. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Sorting In ASC

166. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Key WordsPPnrases

167. Computer Codes

ning ODfact

In this chapter you will learn about

omputer dat

168. Computer Code

representation y coding
binary coding. 0 A the data

The group of bit nt a symbol is called a

170. coding JPA rapero and um erie

Coding SP Alp irawatie and iu
CECILE)

172. coding JPA Tiraje
i col

173. Coding SPAMpifabatic and um ario
Charactars in. EBCDI C

ers are used to represent nume

174. ad DScimal duros

mal format requires fewer number of byte

Numbers re eked de

175. Bare

gles OP eomarsión di Zone
Selma lumbar to Packed D

177. Godina
nadal Sh

178. GC

CET Cody Se

179. sed in all majo

les an algorithm for the p