Computer Fundamentals P.K Sinha (By Yogi)-By www.LearnEngineering.in.pdf

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1. Chapter 01

Introduction to Computers

Computer Fundamentals - Pradeep K. Sinha £ Priti Sinha

2. Computer Fundamental Arras

Inning € Chives

3. Computer Fundamant

4. Computer Fundam:

5. Computer Fundamento so i Stila derrito Sine

of Comouters

6. Computar Fundamental rro sinne rrith Sir

of Comouters

7. Computar Fundamental rro sinne rrith Sir

of Comouters

8. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Evolution OMSormouters =

9. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Evolution OMSormouters =

10. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Some Well Crown early Corrouiers

11. Computer Fundamentals "re Seprit Sinner

Comouter Cenerations

12. ‘Computer Fundamentalssrrdaao ini

¥ ——. 3
Comouter Cresnerations
4

|
Ref Page 13 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Slide 12/17

13. " |
Introduction to Computers Slide 13/17

Ref Page 13 Chapter 1:

14. nt |

Ref Page 13 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Slide 14/17

15. nt LL

Ref Page 13 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Slide 15/17

16. Cl

lectronic De

2

de) A Mira Thi (ie A Treralatar te) An IS Chip

Ref Page 07 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers Slide 16/17

17. Kay Words’ Pr

18. Chapter 02

Basic Computer Organization

Computer Fundamentals - Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

19. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Inning Odpectives

20. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Inning Odpectives

21. Computer Fundamental e Frith sinter

icOperatiors of a Corn pertor System

22. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

23. Computer Fundamentals

Basic Or ganizalion ofa eal ETE
na

Ref. Page 16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Slide 6/16

24. Inout Unit

Computer Fundamant

Reagan iC Sinha ee Priti Sine

25. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Outout Orit

fle

26. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

1.

27. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Two TyoesoRStorage

28. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Two TyoesoRStorage

29. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Arlinmetic hegre Unit (ALU)

30. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Control Un TrECU))

31. Arithmetic Central
Logic Unit Control Unit Processing

(ALU) (CU) Unit (CPU)

Ref. Page 18

: Basic Computer Organization Slide 14/16

32. Computer Fundamental e Frith sinter

ton Gonceot

33. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Key WordsPPnrases

34. Chapter 03

Number Systems

Computer Fundamentals - Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

35. Computer Fundamental Arras

Inning Odpectives

36. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

Inning Odpectives

37. Computer Fundamant

38. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Non-oositiorral Numoer Sy stars

39. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Positional Nermioer Systerr

40. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Positional Nermioer Systerr

41. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

imal Nirreosr Syste

42. Computer Fundamental Arras

Decimal Nútreosr Systern

43. serrith Sinner

Binary Nurloer

44. Computer Fundamental Arras

Binary Nurloer Sysiern

45. Computer Fundamental Arras Sinha 2 rrith Sir

"Be Nun sers in Different Murnoer

46. Computer Fundamental d ina ee Frith Sint

47. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

| Nur er Syste rr

48. Computer Fundamental Arras

Num er Syste rr

49. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

50. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

darnos, Systerr

51. Computer Fundam antarer

Converting 2 Nos of Anotner
Decimal Numoer

52. Computer Fundam antarer

Converting 2 Nwmoer of Anotner
Decimal Numoer

53. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

Convertir a Number of
Anotn

54. Computer Fundam antarer

Convert)
Anota

55. Computer Fundam antarer

Convertir
Anotn

56. Computer Fundamantals™ Prego iC Sinha 2 rrith Sir

Converting Noa of Some Dase to 2 Nurnoer

of Another 3

57. Computer Fundamantals™ Prego iC Sinha 2 rrith Sir

Converting Noa of Some Dase to 2 Nurnoer

of Another 3

58. Computer Fundamantserrigasy i Sint ce Pritt Sine

Converting Noa of Some Dase to 2 Nurnoer

of Another 3

59. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

v21

to lis equivalent Octal Nurnoer

60. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

v21

to lis equivalent Octal Nurnoer

61. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Snortsur Merroedtor Converting an Ocial
Numoor to lis Equivalent Binary Numoer

62. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Snortsur Merroedtor Converting an Ocial
Numoor to lis Equivalent Binary Numoer

63. Computer Fundamantserrigasy i Sint ce Pritt Sine

Snortcur Merrocior Converting à Simery
Numoer to its Equivalent rlexadecimalNurnrroor

64. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

Snortcur Merrocior Converting à Simery
Numoer to its Equivalent rlexadecimalNurnrroor

65. Computer Fundamental Arras

Snortsur Merrgekigr Converting a rlacacdecirn al
Numoer to lts. Equivalent Binary Numoer

66. Computer Fundamental Arras

Snortsur Merrgekigr Converting a rlacacdecirn al
Numoer to lts. Equivalent Binary Numoer

67. Computer Fundamental Arras

Snortsur Merrgekigr Converting a rlacacdecirn al
Numoer to lts. Equivalent Binary Numoer

68. serrith Sinner

69. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Formation Of rractional Nurmoers in —

Binary Murder ar m (Exarn ple)

70. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Formation Of rractional Nurmoers in —

Binary Murder ar m (Exarn ple)

71. Computer Fundamentals” GLA EED) Sint de Frith Singer
NGI) RA a
stem (Exarmole)

Formation Of

Pra
Octal Numoer Sy

72. Computer Fundamentals” GLA EED) Sint de Frith Singer
NGI) RA a
stem (Exarmole)

Formation Of

Pra
Octal Numoer Sy

73. Computer Fundamant

ay Words/PArnr

74. Chapter 04

Computer Codes

Computer Fundamentals - Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

75. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

nino Odpectiy

76. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

77. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

78. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

79. Computer Fundamental ee Sinne Frith Sinner

80. Coding of PAWDiostic and Numeric =>

Characters in SCD

BCD Ena BCD Code

Ref. Page 37 - Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 7/30

81. Characters in SCD

a

BCD Code Octal

Ref. Page 37 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 8/30

82. Computer Fundamantals™rrdaao i Sinha 2 rrith Sir

‚ID Coding@scnemns (Exerr-eke 1)

83. Computer Fundamantals™rrdaao i Sinha 2 rrith Sir

‚ID Coding@scnemns (Exarmete 2)

84. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

85. Coding of AlOneogiic and Numeric —,

Characters in ESCDIC

EBCDIC Code

Ref. Page 39 - Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 12/30

86. Coding of AlOrmestic and Numeric —.

Ze

Characters in ESCDIC

| EBCDICCode | Code

Ref. Page 39 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 13/30

87. Computer Fundamantals™rrdaao i Sinha 2 rrith Sir

Zoneed Decttrrral Nurnoers —

88. Ref. Page 40 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 15/30

89. Computer Fundamental Frith sinter

90. ple sy) or Conversion of Zoned nn

EXA
Decimal Numoers to Packed Decimal Borre

EBCDIC | Sign Indicator

Ref. Page 40 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 17/30

91. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Coca Serer à

92. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

93. 20
El

Coding of NWirenie ane

Alonaostig Characters in ASCII

ter

ee 1
Ref. Page 42 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 20/30

94. 20
El

Coding of NWirenie ane
Alonaosti¢ Characters in ASCII

ee 1
Ref. Page 42 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 21/30

95. 20
El

Coding of NWirenie ane
Alonaosti¢ Characters in ASCII

ee 1
Ref. Page 42 Chapter 4: Computer Codes Slide 22/30

96. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

ASTI )-7 Coche Ser erre

97. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint
,

-9 Goehing Senerie

98. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

99. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Unicoce

100. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

101. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Sorting In XCD! So

102. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Sorting In ASC

103. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Key WordsPPnrases

104. Chapter 05

Computer Arithmetic

Computer Fundamentals - Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

105. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Inning Odpectiy

106. Computer Fundamantals™rrdaao i Sinha 2 rrith Sir

Binary over Becher al

107. Exam oles SO Pray. Devic

y

Binary Mode

Binary
State

Ref Page 50 Chapter 5: Computer Arithmetic

Slide 4/29

108. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Binary Arivmrmeeiic

109. Computer Fundamental e Frith sinter

Binary Acelfergr

110. Computer Fundamantals™rrdaao i Sinha 2 rrith Sir

E

Binary Addirion (EXarr le “e

111. Computer Fundam PACE PRET

Binary Addirion (eXarole 2)

112. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Binary SuUOPraciion

113. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Binary Suotraciion (Exe ple)

114. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Comoleri ertmor a Nurmoer

115. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Comolernentora Nuri oer (Eros 1)

116. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Comoler tropa Nuri oer (E<errmole 2)

117. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

ComolemenhMoi 2 Binary Nurrreer

118. Computer Fundamantals™rrdaao i Sinha 2 rrith Sir

Comolemernttany Metnocd of Strebraction

119. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Cormolermentary Suotraciion (Seemole |)

120. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Cormolermentary Suotraciion (Seemole 2)

121. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Binary Siorrelenion Using Cormplern entary Method
(Exarmole 1)

122. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Binary Siorreenon Using Cormplern entary Method
(Examole j

123. Computer Fundamental o Frith sinter

Binary MU Trot TO ri

124. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Binary Multrolicatiorn (Ex zrrrebe 1)

125. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Binary Mulfrehication (Ex errrebe 2)

126. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

inary Divrsronri

127. Ala
2

Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina & Prith Sine

or Sfrrary Division

128. Computer Fundamantals™rrdaao i Sinha 2 rrith Sir

=

Binary Diviston (exam ole 1}

129. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

Additive MetnocdMor Multiolication anePDivision

130. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

or Actehitive Metnocd Division

131. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Additive Mernoe of Division (Ecerrole)

132. Computer Fundamantsmrrdasn i Sina Pri Sint

C

ay WordsArrrases

)
f

133. Chapter 06

Boolean Algebra and

Logic Circuits

Computer Fundamentals - Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

134. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

135. Computer Fundamento so i Stila derrito Sine

Boolean Algeore

136. serrith Sinner

137. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

Oosraior Pracecence

138. Computer Fundamant

Oosraior Pracecence

141. aan Sintra?

Ine as mini

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3

— a
Ref. Page 63 Chapter 6: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits Slide 9/78

142. Some limoort

Ss Theorem al Theorem
N Identities Identities

Ref. Page 63

hapter 6: Boolean Algebra an Slide 10/78

143. Computer Fundamento i Silla derrito Sine

Meinods oMProving Tneorerrrs

144. Inia ee Frith Sinner

Proving a Tieonen oy
(Exam ole)

145. Proving Toray oY Part
(Example)

Ref. Page 64 Chapter 6: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits Slide 13/78

146. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Proving a Tieoram oy ine
Princiole of Duality (Exarmole)

147. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

Proving a Tnheorom oy the
Princiole of Duality (Exarmole)

148. Computer Fundamentals "re SI Seprit Sinner

Boolean rurretiorns

149. Sinner

e Frith

a
[o
a
=
a

150. Ref. Page 67 Chapter 6: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits Slide 18/78

151. Computer Fundament Kas ferrite Sinter

Mor as a Trutr Fa

152. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

Minimization onsoolean Functions

153. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

Minimization onsoolean Functions

154. Am _ — gereEEE

Ref. Page 68 Chapter 6: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits Slide 22/78

155. Computer Fundamantals™ Prego iC Sinha 2 rrith Sir

Try out somes Soolean Function
Minimization

156. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

Cole ri Sri a Boolear Fernction

157. Computer Fundamental Arras Sir Seprit Sinner

Comolementing wS5o0o0lean Function Sample)

158. Computer Fundamantlren reap i Sink & Prith Sine

“nm

inonical Forms Of Boolean Furretions

159. Minterms and Meserermns

Pe) tam |

| Tem | ossionatio |

Ref. Page 71 Chapter 6: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits Slide 27/78

160. Computer Fundamental

Sup -Of-Proebucts (SOP)

161. a =
Lo KO

Sum-of-Produc

162. M Po in its

bora Products Form (Example)

n

0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1

Ref. Page 73 “Chapter 6: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits Slide 30/78

163. Computer Fundamental Arras

EXPf ing E Puncetion in its
Sum-oOf-Products Form (Exarnple)

164. Computer Fundamentos iC Sinia ee rrith Sinter

Product-or Sums (POS) =xoression

165. Computer Fundament Seprit Sinner

to Exoressal Boolean Function

Procuei-of-Sums Form

166. Exorassing a rumetion int i
Produet-9f-Surmns Form

Er

-oo-o0o0-o0

Ref. Page 73 Chapter 6: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits Slide 34/78

167. Computer Fundamental Arras

Exoressing a rumetion in its
Product-oj-Surms Fors

168. Computer Fundamentos i Sinnen 2 Prity Simmern
Onversion Sermeen Canonical Formse(Surm-of-
roduers and Produci-of-Surns)

©
P

i

169. Computer Fundamental Sinha ee Frith SITE

170. Computer Fundamant

AND Gate

171. Inputs Output

_| _— :-::
[e [e | E
Le | 1 | 3
It Te | :

Ref. Page 77 Chapter 6: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits Slide 39/78

172. Computer Fundamant

173. ‘Computer Fundamentalssrrdaao ini
OR Gate ESA Symool
ane Trutn Tagle)

Ref. Page 78 Chapter 6: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits Slide 41/78

174. Computer Fundamental Sine ee Frith inter

175. Computer Fundamento sini 2. mer]
NOT Gara’ CUA Symool
ane [rutin Taole)

Ref. Page 79 "Chapter 6: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits Slide 43/78

176. Computer Fundam SN sini 2 Frith Sitte

E

177. ¡Computer Fundamental Arras Sink de QE
NAND Gite (Blue Diagram Symbol =>
ane [ruin Tale)

Output
C=A+B

Ref. Page 79 Chapter 6: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits Slide 45/78

178. Computer Fundamant

179. ¡Computer Fundamental Arras Sink de QE
NOR Gare (Sloe Diagram Symool
ane [ruin Taole)

Ref. Page 80 Chapter 6: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits Slide 47/78

180. Computer Fundamant

181. Computer Fundamentals "re KOSiT ferrite Sinter

Finding Soolsatreexoression
Of alogic Circuit (Example)

182. Computer Fundamentals "re KOSiT ferrite Sinter

Finding SOOMmeexore
of a Logic Circuit

183. Computer Fundam antarer

trucrir Logic Circuit from
jon (Exarmole 1)

184. Computer Fundam antarer

trucrir Logic Circuit from
jon (Example 2)

185. Computer Fundamal anu Sinn se rrith SITE

€)

186. Computer Fundamantlerrgaay iS

Imiolemeritarrorsai NOT, AND are OreGiat

Serrith Singen

NAND Givi

187. Computer Fundamantlerrgaay iS

Imiolemeritarrorsai NOT, AND are OreGiat

Serrith Singen

NAND Gizti

188. Computer Fundamentos Pit Sidi

Metnod of riolementing a Boolean Expression
wien Only NAND Gates

189. Computer Fundamantilsrradaan iC fa ge rrith SITE

Imiolemeriting™esoolean Expressiorowitna Only

190. Computer Fundamantilsrradaan iC fa ge rrith SITE

Imiolemeriting™esoolean Expressiorowitna Only