COMPUTER GENERATION LESSON 3 PRESENTATION.pptx

This ppt is for the discussion about Computer Generations

1. COMPUTER Generations Nicolai cortes Bse science Ge elec 3

2. OBJECTIVES The learners should be able to: a. Discuss the generations of computer technology b. Identify the technology used in the different generations of computer c. Explain the characteristics of each generation of computers

3. INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY Divide the class into 5 groups. There will be two tasks in total that each group must need to accomplish.

4. INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY (FIRST TASK) For the first Task, match each of the given computer generations in Set A to their corresponding representation in Set B, while on Set C is each group should choose at least 2 related samples from the word loop per each from all the given in Set A based on your initial knowledge and understanding about the topic. Each group will have a maximum time of 10 minutes in accomplishing the first activity.

5. INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY (FIRST TASK) SET A First Computer Generation Second Computer Generation Third Computer Generation Fourth Computer Generation Fifth Computer Generation SET B Integrated Circuit Transistors Artificial Intelligence Vacuum Tubes Microprocessors SET C PDP-8 IBM 1401 CDC 1604 UNIVAC ENIAC EDVAC IBM 370 PDP 11 Intel 4004 chip CRAY-X-MP Robots AI

6. INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY (second TASK) For the second task, all the members of a given group should put their cellphones in front of them, and then, the whole group will decide to choose 5 cellphones only who will represent the five computer generations. In matching the final five cellphones per each computer generation, you should prioritize the following aspects: o Brand o Price o Specifications

7. INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY (second TASK) Each cellphone should be rated from 1 as the lowest and 10 as the highest per each aspects mentioned above. Get the total score and use that to decide where to place the cellphone among the five computer generations. This tasks will have a maximum time of 10 minutes only. - All groups should present their output at the end of the last activity and will be given a maximum time of 3 minutes for their presentation.

8. INFORMATIONAL video discussing computer generations https://youtu.be/NqgpZ_v4Ne8

9. QUESTION AND ANSWER ABOUT THE VIDEO Kindly define the following terminologies based on what you remembered or learned after watching the video. All the students will only be given a maximum time of 10 minutes in finishing the said task. o First Gen o Second Gen o Third Gen o Fourth Gen o Fifth Gen

10. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS First Generation (1941-1946) Vacuum Tubes World War gave rise to numerous developments and started off the computer age. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was produced by a partnership between University of Pennsylvannia and the US government. It consisted of 18,000 vacuum tubes and 7000 resistors. It was developed by John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly and was a general purpose computer. "Von Neumann designed the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC) in 1945 with a memory to hold both a stored program as well as data." Von Neumann's computer allowed for all the computer functions to be controlled by a single source.

11. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS First Generation (1941-1946) Vacuum Tubes Advantages of Vacuum Tubes: 1. compute faster 2. more powerful Disadvantages: 1. not a live-long component 2. average time between tube failures is 12 hrs.

12. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS First Generation (1941-1946) Vacuum Tubes Primary Characteristics of First Generation Computers: 1. use of vacuum tubes in electronic circuit 2. bulky and somewhat flexible 3. use of magnetic drums as primary internal-storage medium 4. demanded strict observance of air conditioning requirements 5. relatively unreliable due to electric current fluctuations and tube failures 6. limited main storage capacity of approximately 16, 000 character 7. slow input-output; punch card oriented 8. leaned towards batch applications such as payroll processing 9. required programs written for a specific computer

13. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS First Generation (1941-1946) Vacuum Tubes

14. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Second Generation (1956-1963) Using Transistors The invention of Transistors marked the start of the second generation. These transistors took place of the vacuum tubes used in the first generation computers. First large scale machines were made using these technologies to meet the requirements of atomic energy laboratories. One of the other benefits to the programming group was that the second generation replaced Machine language with the assembly language. Even though complex in itself Assembly language was much easier than the binary code.

15. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Second Generation (1956-1963) Using Transistors Second generation computers also started showing the characteristics of modern day computers with utilities such as printers, disk storage and operating systems. Many financial information was processed using these computers. In second generation computers, the instructions (program) could be stored inside the computer's memory. High-level languages such as COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) and FORTRAN (Formula Translator) were used, and they are still used for some applications nowadays.

16. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Second Generation (1956-1963) Using Transistors Advantages: 1. they don’t need warm up time 2. they consume less energy 3. they are more faster and more reliable

17. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Second Generation (1956-1963) Using Transistors Primary Characteristics: 1. use of transistor for internal operation 2. great reduction in size and heat generation 3. use agnetic core as primary internal storage medium 4. increase main storage capacity 5. faster input/output; tape oriented 6. increase speed and of mreliability 7. programs were written in symbolic language 8. still batch- processing oriented 9. microsecond becomes the standard unit for measuring a computer’s access to data and instructions

18. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Second Generation (1956-1963) Using Transistors

19. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Third Generation (1964-1971) Using Integrated Circuits Despite the fact that transistors were clearly an improvement over the vacuum tube, they still generated a great deal of heat, which damaged the computer's sensitive internal parts. The quartz rock eliminated this problem. The IC combined three electronic components onto a small silicon disc, which was made from quartz. Scientists later managed to fit even more components on a single chip, called a semiconductor.

20. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Third Generation (1964-1971) Using Integrated Circuits Main Features of Third Generation Computers: 1. use of integrated solid state circuitry 2. improved secondary storage 3. magnetic core and solid state main storage 4. smaller size and better performance and reliability 5. more flexibility with input/output; disk oriented 6. extensive use of high level programming language (COBOL, FORTRAN) 7. emergence of minicomputers 8. operating system program controlled I/O and handled many tasks at the same time 9. can handle many programs. 10.arithmetic and logical operations are performed in microsecond and even in nanosecond.

21. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Third Generation (1964-1971) Using Integrated Circuits

22. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Fourth Generation (1971-1980) Microprocessors Fourth Generation computers are the modern day computers. The Size started to go down with the improvement in the integrated circuits. Very Large Scale(VLSI) and Ultra Large scale(ULSI) ensured that millions of components could be fit into a small chip. It reduced the size and price of the computers at the same time increasing power, efficiency and reliability.

23. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Fourth Generation (1971-1980) Microprocessors Due to the reduction of cost and the availability of the computers power at a small place allowed everyday user to benefit. First came the minicomputers, which offered users different applications, most famous of these the word processors and spreadsheets, which could be used by non-technical users. Video game systems like Atari 2600 generated the interest of general populace in the computers.

24. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Fourth Generation (1971-1980) Microprocessors The continued improvement allowed the networking of computers for the sharing of data. Local Area Networks(LAN) and Wide Area Network(WAN), were potential benefits, in that they could be implemented in corporations and everybody could share data over it. Soon the internet and World Wide Web appeared on the computer scene and formented the Hi-Tech revolution of 90's.

25. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Fourth Generation (1971-1980) Microprocessors General features of Fourth Generation Computers: 1. use of very large scale integrated circuit 2. increased storage capacity and speed 3. miniaturization of circuits 4. greater versatility of input/output devices 5. multiprogramming increased 6. emergence of micro computers 7. improvement in operating systems made virtual storage possible 8. time sharing 9. applications are mathematical modeling and simulations, electronic fund transfer simulation and computer aided instructions

26. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Fourth Generation (1971-1980) Microprocessors

27. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Fifth Generation (Artificial Intelligence) What may be referred to as the fifth-generation computers are those powerful, “intelligent” computers that the Japanese built in the mid-1990. They have however, become a general-term- one being used to refer to research fields in the computer industry. Among the key areas of ongoing research include expert systems, fuzzy logic, problem- solving, natural language and robotics.

28. DISCUSSION OF COMPUTER GENERATIONS Fifth Generation (Artificial Intelligence) Artificial intelligence has not matched a person’s problem-solving ability – yet. Studies have shown that people seldom solve problems using the step-by –step logic, the very thing that computers do best. This difference sets the reason why humans beat computers in problem-solving. Humans still have that “Aha!” technique where the solution comes to the person out of nowhere.

29. COMPUTER GENERATIONS REAL LIFE APPLICATIONS AND SAMPLES First Generation They were used for scientific applications as they were the fastest computing device of their time. (The first generation computers used a large number of vacuum tubes and thus generated a lot of heat. They consumed a great deal of electricity and were expensive to operate. The machines were prone to frequent malfunctioning and required constant maintenance. Since first generation computers used machine language, they were difficult to program.)

30. COMPUTER GENERATIONS REAL LIFE APPLICATIONS AND SAMPLES Second Generation The cost of commercial production of these computers was very high, though less than the first generation computers. The transistors had to be assembled manually in second generation computers. (Second generation computers generated a lot of heat but much less than the first generation computers. They required less maintenance than the first generation computers.)

31. COMPUTER GENERATIONS REAL LIFE APPLICATIONS AND SAMPLES Third Generation Computers became accessible to mass audience. Computers were produced commercially, and were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors. (The third generation computers used less power and generated less heat than the second generation computers. The cost of the computer reduced significantly, as individual components of the computer were not required to be assembled manually. The maintenance cost of the computers was also less compared to their predecessors.)

32. COMPUTER GENERATIONS REAL LIFE APPLICATIONS AND SAMPLES Fourth Generation They became widely available for commercial purposes. Personal computers became available to the home user. (The microprocessor has resulted in the fourth generation computers being smaller and cheaper than their predecessors. The fourth generation computers are also portable and more reliable. They generate much lesser heat and require less maintenance compared to their predecessors. GUI and pointing devices facilitate easy use and learning on the computer. Networking has resulted in resource sharing and communication among different computers.)

33. EVALUATION For evaluation, with the same groupings, each group will going back to work again with their first and second activity given to them a while ago. Since they are already fully knowledgeable to the five computer generations, they can now do revision to their initial answers starting from the first activity to the second activity with the following consideration:

34. EVALUATION For the first activity, they will be allowed to revise their choice in the matching part and with their two selected samples of each given generations.
For the second activity, they will be allowed to change the arrangement of their final 5 cellphones from the table along with the revise scores per each aspects. At the same time, there will be an additional aspects to be added and those are the following:
Revised Computer Generation
Justification
Conclusion

35. EVALUATION This evaluation should be place in a new paper and the original paper should be included for final submission. All the groups will only have 10 minutes in finishing the said task

36. ASSIGNMENT For your assignment, JUST SAY I LOVE YOU AND THANK YOU TO ALL OF YOUR DEAREST FRIENDS, FAMILY AND MOST IMPORTANTLY IS GOD. Good day everyone and Godbless 

37. BOMBA NA