Computer Network Topology By Team_Societal Explorers (Dept . of Sociology)

Network topology is the arrangement of the elements of a communication network. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, industrial fieldbusses and computer networks.
Network topology is the digital blueprint of connectivity, sculpting the pathways of communication in a myriad of configurations. It dictates how devices are interconnected, shaping the flow of data in networks large and small. From the intricate mesh of the internet to the simplicity of a star network, each arrangement offers its own blend of efficiency, resilience, and scalability. Join me as we delve into the fascinating world of network topology, where the structure of connections paints a picture of digital interconnectedness.

1. Dhaka International University Department Of Sociology Course Name: Fundamentals of Computer Batch: 46th  Semester: 1st Computer Network Topology Submitted to Suman Ahmed Shikan Lecturer Department of CSE Dhaka International University Date: 23/04/2024 1

2. Team: Societal Explorers Introducing Team Member Shrabon Chakma Roll: 01 Jini Ya Rahaman Roll: 18 Nayeemur Rahman Roll: 32 Tanvir Mahtab Showiket Roll: 17 2

3. Presentation Outline Introduction  Type of Topology Bus Topology Ring Topology  Star Topology  Mesh Topology  Tree Topology Hybrid Topology Discussion  Reference 3

4. Introduction Network topology is the digital blueprint of connectivity, sculpting the pathways of communication in a myriad of configurations. It dictates how devices are interconnected, shaping the flow of data in networks large and small. From the intricate mesh of the internet to the simplicity of a star network, each arrangement offers its own blend of efficiency, resilience, and scalability. Join me as we delve into the fascinating world of network topology, where the structure of connections paints a picture of digital interconnectedness. 4

5. Bus Topology : Devices are connected in a linear fashion along a single backbone cable. Star Topology : All devices are connected directly to a central hub or switch. Ring Topology : Devices are connected in a closed loop, with each device connected to two others. Mesh Topology: Every device is connected to every other device, creating multiple redundant paths. Tree Topology: Hierarchical structure where devices are organized in a tree-like fashion, with branches connected to a main trunk. Hybrid Topology: Combination of two or more different types of topologies. 5

6. Bus Topology Bus topology is a network configuration where all devices are connected to a single communication line, known as the "bus." Bus Topology 6

7. Here are Bus topology key features and advantages/disadvantages: Advantages: Easy to Install: Requires minimal cabling, making installation straightforward and cost-effective. Easy to Expand: Additional devices can be added to the network without significant disruption. Easy to Troubleshoot: Fault isolation is simple, as issues with one device typically do not affect others. Cost-Effective: Requires less cabling and infrastructure compared to other topologies. Disadvantages: Limited Scalability: Adding more devices to a bus network can lead to signal degradation and network performance issues. Single Point of Failure: If the main bus cable fails, the entire network can become inoperable. Limited Performance: Performance may degrade as more devices are added due to increased collisions on the shared medium. Difficult to Identify Faults: Locating faults or breaks in the bus cable can be challenging, especially in large networks. 7

8. Ring Topology Ring topology is a network configuration where each device is connected to exactly two other devices, forming a closed loop. Data travels in a unidirectional manner around the ring, passing through each device until it reaches its destination. Ring Topology 8

9. Advantages of ring topology include: Equal Access: Each device has equal access to the network. Efficient Data Transmission: With controlled access mechanisms like token passing, data transmission is efficient. Fault Tolerance: The closed loop structure provides inherent fault tolerance as data can still flow in the opposite direction if one section is disrupted. Disadvantages include: Limited Scalability : Adding or removing devices can disrupt the entire network. Complex Management: Requires careful management, and failure of one device can affect the entire network. Single Point of Failure: If the ring is broken or a device fails, the entire network can become inoperable. Here are Ring topology key features and advantages/disadvantages: 9

10. Star Topology Star topology is a network configuration where all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. Each device has a dedicated connection to the central hub, forming a star-like structure. Star Topology 10

11. Advantages of star topology include: Centralized Management : Easier management and troubleshooting as each device connects directly to the central hub. Scalability : Easy to add or remove devices without disrupting the entire network. Fault Isolation: If one device fails, it does not affect the rest of the network. Disadvantages include: Dependency on Central Hub: If the central hub fails, the entire network can become inoperable. Cost: Requires more cabling compared to other topologies due to each device having its own connection to the central hub. Limited Performance: Network performance can be affected if the central hub becomes overloaded with traffic. Here are Star topology key features and advantages/disadvantages: 11

12. Mesh Topology Mesh topology is a network configuration where every device is connected to every other device, forming a fully interconnected network. There are two types: full mesh and partial mesh. In a full mesh, every device is connected to every other device, while in a partial mesh, only some devices have direct connections to each other. Mesh Topology 12

13. Advantages of mesh topology include: Fault Tolerance: Multiple paths for data transmission make the network highly resilient to failures. If one link or node fails, data can still be rerouted through alternative paths. High Reliability: Redundant connections ensure reliable data transmission and minimize the risk of network downtime. Scalability: Can easily accommodate new devices without affecting network performance. Disadvantages include: Complexity : Requires a significant amount of cabling and configuration, especially in full mesh configurations, making installation and maintenance complex. Cost: The high number of connections increases equipment and installation costs. Network Overhead: Managing multiple connections can lead to increased network overhead and complexity in routing protocols. Here are Mesh topology key features and advantages/disadvantages: ​ 13

14. Tree Topology Tree topology is a network configuration that combines characteristics of both bus and star topologies. It resembles a hierarchical tree structure, where multiple star topologies are connected to a central bus backbone. Tree Topology 14

15. Here are Tree Topology key features and advantages/disadvantages: ​ ​ Advantages of Tree topology include: Scalability: Allows for the addition of more devices and subnetworks, making it suitable for large networks. Centralized Management: Offers centralized control and management due to the hierarchical structure. Flexibility: Supports various types of connections and allows for the creation of subnetworks. Disadvantages include: Single Point of Failure: If the central bus backbone fails, the entire network can become inoperable. Complexity: Requires careful planning and management, especially as the network grows. Cost: The need for multiple devices and cabling can increase installation and maintenance costs compared to simpler topologies like bus or star. 15

16. Hybrid Topology Hybrid topology is a network configuration that combines two or more different types of network topologies into a single network. It's created by interconnecting different basic topologies, such as star, bus, ring, or mesh, to form a more complex network structure. Hybrid Topology 16

17. Advantages of hybrid topology include: Flexibility: Allows for tailoring the network to meet specific needs by combining the strengths of different topologies. Scalability: Offers scalability as the network can be expanded by adding or modifying existing topologies. Fault Tolerance: Provides redundancy and fault tolerance by leveraging the strengths of multiple topologies. Disadvantages include: Complexity: Requires careful planning and management due to the combination of different topologies, which can increase complexity. Cost: The need for multiple devices, cabling, and infrastructure can lead to higher installation and maintenance costs. Potential Points of Failure : Introducing multiple topologies increases the number of potential points of failure, requiring robust monitoring and management practices. Here are Hybrid Topology key features and advantages/disadvantages: ​​ ​ 17

18. Network topology is the blueprint of a network's structure, defining how devices are connected and how data flows. It influences performance, scalability, fault tolerance, and management complexity. Different topologies offer varying levels of efficiency, scalability, and fault tolerance, with trade-offs between simplicity and complexity. Factors like network size, purpose, and budget influence the choice of topology. Ultimately, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each topology is crucial for designing networks that meet specific needs and requirements. Discussion  ​ 18

19. Reference https://www.google.com/ https://chat.openai.com/ shiksha.com/online- https://image.slidesharecdn.com/topology58707279-240201171850-579df2b1/75/computer-network-topology-busstarringmeshtree-18-2048.jpg 19

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