Computer ports

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1. Computer Ports M Adeel

2. Ports   Computer ports  are connection points or interfaces with other peripheral devices. There are two main type of   computer ports : Parallel Ports Serial Ports Others types are also there PS2, SCSI etc.

3. Diagram

4. Parallel Ports   Parallel port  is used for data transfer between a computer and a peripheral device through a 25 or 36 pin connector . In parallel communication multiple bits are transferred at a time. By using the IEEE 1284 standard the  parallel port  becomes a bidirectional data gateway (can be used for transferring and receiving data packages).

5. Parallel Ports The  parallel port  speed can range from 50 KBps to 150 KBps and can go up to 2 MBps . The 2 MBps speed is achieved when the EPP and ECP modes are used as a 32 or 16 bit transfer interface who uses a 8 bit IN / OUT hardware.

6. Parallel Ports Parallel port pinout description (db25 and Centronics 36 pin connector) :

7. Serial Port   Serial port  is a electronic communication gateway used for transferring data one bit at a time. Together with  parallel port  the  serial port  was used almost for all type of information transfer between a computer and other peripheral devices . Today the  serial port  has been replaced with dedicated ports like  usb port  (used for data transfer and communication between a computer and other devices),  vga port  (video Graphic Array),   Ethernet port  or internet port (used for network communication; any type of information) .

8. Serial Port

9. Serial Ports   In our days the serial port is most used on industrial devices and programming. Serial port programming is done by using a serial port adapter to a  usb port  mostly because the new computers are not equipped with db9 connectors. The disappearance of the external serial communication doesn’t mean that this type of data transfer is not used any more on the new PC’s because it migrated inside the computer and you could know it by the name of SATA or serial ATA. SATA is used for data transfer between optical devices ( dvd drive ) , hard disk drives and the motherboard.

10. PS 2 Port (Personal System) The  PS2 port  is used for connecting keyboards and mice to a PC. This standard was introduced in 1987 by IBM with main purpose of replacing the serial keyboard and mouse .

11. PS2 Ports In our days ps/2 port was replaced by  usb port , which is more easy to implement on a PC even though ps2 offers more capability and a greater speed. When this standard was released the keyboard and mouse port had the same color, black like the connector or white like the connecting cable. Modern ps2 ports are colored different event thought the pinout configuration is the same. PS2 connector color code Purple – Keyboard Green – Mouse  Ps2 Mini-DIN connector has 6 pins and carries a serial signal at frequencies starting from 10 up to 16 kHz with one start bit, one stop bit and one parity bit .

12. PS2 Ports Pin1 – Data Pin2 – Not connected Pin3 – Ground Pin4 – VDC +5V at 275 mA Pin5 – Clock Pin6 – Not connected

13. USB Ports USB port  ( Universal Serial Bus ) is the most used connection point for data transfer in the world. It was created in the mid-1990s with the intention of replacing all other PC ports like  serial port  ,  parallel port  , PS/2 port .   A standard usb connector is a simple socket with 4 pins : one for power, one for ground and two for data transfer

14. USB Ports      In 1996 USB 1 was released. It had a speed range between 1.5 Mb/s and 12 Mb/s. Four years later USB 2.0 port was released and had a maximum speed of 480 Mb/s. The usb 2.0 brought with it new devices like usb flash drive or memory stick , usb hard drive , usb camera  and many other. Recent development in storage devices increase the need for higher transfer speeds and in 2008 USB 3.0 was release. This technology can reach speeds of 5 Gb /s which is 10 times faster than USB 2.0 A  usb port  can be connected with almost all other port type like  Ethernet port  or  firewire port  by using a usb adapter. The usb adapter can be a circuit in a box with an  usb port  ant one end and a compatible port at the other or a simple usb cable.

15. USB Port USB Pinout Pin 1 – VCC +5V Pin 2 – Data – Pin 3 – Data + Pin 4 – GND

16. Fire wire ports Firewire port  or IEEE 1394 was first developed in 1990 by Apple and worked as a serial bus interface for high speed data transfer. The standard was first introduced on computers in 2000 and became the main data connection port for apple Firewire IEEE 1394 port supports the following operating systems: Mac OS 8.6, 9, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, Haiku, Linux, FreeBSD and NetBSD ..

17. Fire wire

18. Ethernet port Ethernet port  is a network hardware interface used for data transfer and control between at least two devices that can support the ip protocol. It was introduced in 1980 and, at first, coaxial cable was used. In 1985 the  Ethernet port  was standardized and twisted pair cable replaced the coaxial cable. Twisted pair cable is used only on short distances, like the connection between a computer modem port or network port and a Ethernet switch or router. On long distances fiber optic links are used as Ethernet cable.

19. Ethernet port

20. Ethernet port The  Ethernet port  speed can vary 10Mbps up to 10Gbps. High speeds are usually used in large data transfer networks like a CCTV IP network or cable company but in the last case high speed is only obtained between switches or routers in most cases the client receives only 10 or 100 Mbps.

21. Ethernet port The maximum Ethernet cable length between switches computers and routers is 100 meters or 328ft. After this the signal starts losing in amplitude and you could experience connection loss. If you want to use internet cables on longer distances it is better to use signal boosters for every 100 meters. A more efficient way is to use fiber optic cable who with special equipment can go up to 20 km without any signal booster.

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