Concentric zone theory

1. Concentric zone theory Morgan Howard

2. Origins of theory Developed in the 1920’s by Ernest Burgess and Robert Park, University of Chicago Sought to explain the socioeconomic divides in and out of the city Model was based on Chicago’s city layout First theory to explain the distribution of social groups

3. What is the concentric zone theory? Social structures extend outward from one central business area. Population density decreases towards outward zones Shows correlation between socioeconomic status and the distance from the central business district Also known as the Burgess Model, the Bull’s Eye Model, the Concentric Ring Model, or the Concentric Circles Model.

4. Zone 1: Central business District Non-residential center for business. “Downtown” area Emphasis on business and commerce Commuted to by residents of other zones

5. Zone 2: Zone of Transition “Least desirable place to live in the city” Dilapidated housing and infrastructure Large percentage rent Highest crime rate High rate of people moving in and out

6. Zone 3: Working Class Modest older homes Stable, working class families C an afford to move out of Zone 2 Second generation immigrants

7. Zone 4: Middle class Newer, more spacious homes Less likely to be rented Well educated

8. Zone 5: Commuters Mostly upper class Can afford to commute into city for work or entertainment

9. Social disorganization Shaw and McKay (1930’s) Disease, Deterioration, Demoralization Poverty stricken areas have a higher rate of crime High rate of residents moving in and out Lessened sense of “community”

10. Problems with the theory Does not work with more modern cities, or cities outside of the United States Assumes an unchanging landscape Assumes flat land, without geographic features inhibiting growth Decentralization of business areas

11. references Bunyi , Joan. ": Concentric Zone Model." : Concentric Zone Model . Lewis Historical Society, 1 May 2010. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http://www.lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=16>. Pick, Ashley. "Social Disorganization." Crime and Place . N.p ., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http://crimeandplaceashleypick.weebly.com/social-disorganization.html>.