Concept & levels of prevention

This ppt contains all the information about Concepts and levels of prevention. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it

1. Concept & Levels of
Prevention
Dr. Shubhangi Kshirsagar
Assistant Professor
Department of Swasthavritta& Yoga

2. Thegoalsofmedicineare
Topromotehealth
Topreservehealth
Torestorehealth
whenitisimpairedandtominimizesuffering
anddistress.
•Thesegoalsareembodiedintheword
"prevention”.
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3. Prevention
Definition-Actionsaimedateradicating,
eliminatingorminimizingtheimpactof
diseaseanddisability,orifnoneoftheseare
feasible,retardingtheprogressofthedisease
anddisability.
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4. Determinants of Prevention
Successful prevention depends upon:
Knowledge of causation.
Dynamics of transmission.
Identification of risk factors and risk groups.
Availability of prophylactic or early detection
and treatment measures.
An organization for applying these measures
to appropriate persons or groups.
Continuous evaluation of and development of
procedures applied.
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5. Levels of Prevention
Primordial prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
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Primordial prevention

7. 1. Primordial prevention
Specialattentioninpreventionofchronicdiseases.
Preventionoftheemergenceordevelopmentof
riskfactorsincountriesorpopulationgroupsin
whichtheyhavenotyetappeared.
Ex.Manyadulthealthproblems(obesity,
hypertension)havetheirearlyorigininchildhood,
becausethisisthetimewhenlifestylesareformed
Forex.Smoking,eatingpatterns,physical
experience
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8. Inprimordialprevention,effortsare
directedtowardsdiscouragingchildren
fromadoptingharmfullifestyles.
Themaininterventioninprimordial
preventionisthroughindividualand
masseducation.
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Primary prevention

10. 2. Primary prevention
Primarypreventioncanbedefinedas,
the
,whichremovesthepossibility
thatthediseasewilleveroccur.
Itsignifiesinterventioninthe
or
healthproblem.(ex.LBW)
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2. Primary prevention

11. •Itincludestheconceptof ",
aconceptthatencouragesachievement
andmaintenanceof"anacceptablelevelof
healththatwillenableeveryindividualto
leadasociallyandeconomicallyproductive
life".
•Primarypreventionmaybeaccomplished
bymeasuresdesignedto
.
(Healthpromotionandspecificprotection)
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Primary prevention
Specific protectionHealth promotion
Achieved by
Health education
Environmental
modifications
Nutritional interventions
Life style and
behavioral changes
Immunization
chemoprophylaxis
Use of specific nutrients
Protection against occupational hazards
Safety of drugs and foods
Control of environmental hazards,

13. Approaches for Primary Prevention
TheWHO hasrecommended the
followingapproachesfortheprimary
preventionofchronicdiseaseswherethe
riskfactorsareestablished:
a.Population(mass)strategy
b.High-riskstrategy
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14. a. Population (mass) strategy
“Populationstrategy"isdirectedatthe
wholepopulationirrespectiveofindividual
risklevels.
Forexample,studieshaveshownthateven
asmallreductionintheaverageblood
pressureorserumcholesterolofa
populationwouldproducealargereduction
intheincidenceofcardiovasculardisease.
Thepopulationapproachisdirected
towardssocio-economic,behavioraland
lifestylechanges
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15. b. High risk strategy
•Thehigh-riskstrategyaimstobring
preventivecaretoindividualsatspecial
risk.
•Thisrequiresdetectionofindividualsat
highriskbytheoptimumuseofclinical
methods.
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Secondary prevention

17. Secondary Prevention
Itisdefinedas“actionwhichhaltsthe
progressofadiseaseatitsincipient
stageandpreventscomplications.”
Thespecificinterventionsare:
a.Earlydiagnosis(e.g.screeningtests,
andcasefindingprogram)
b.Adequatetreatment.
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Dr. ShubhangiKshirsagar
3. Secondaryprevention

18. Secondarypreventionattemptsto–
Arrestthediseaseprocess
Restorehealthbyseekingoutunrecognized
diseaseand
Treatingitbeforeirreversiblepathological
changestakeplace
Reversecommunicabilityofinfectious
diseases.
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Dr. ShubhangiKshirsagar

19. Itthusprotectsothersfrominthecommunity
fromacquiringtheinfection.
Thusprovideatonce-
a.Secondarypreventionfortheinfectedones.
b.Primarypreventionfortheirpotential
contacts.
Secondarypreventionislargelythedomainof
clinicalmedicine.
Thehealthprogrammes initiatedby
governmentareusuallyatthelevelof
secondaryprevention.
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20. Drawbacksofsecondaryprevention
1.Patienthasalreadybeensubjecttomental
anguish,physicalpain.
2.Communitytolossofproductivity
Imperfecttoolinthecontroloftransmission
ofdisease
Moreexpensiveandlesseffectivethan
primaryprevention.
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Tertiary prevention

22. Tertiary prevention
Itisusedwhenthediseaseprocesshasadvanced
beyonditsearlystages.
Interventioninlatepathogenesisphase.
Itisdefinedas,“allthemeasuresavailable-
toreduceorlimitimpairmentsanddisabilities,
minimizesufferingcausedbyexistingdepartures
fromgoodhealth
topromotethepatients’adjustmentto
irremediableconditions.”
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4. Tertiaryprevention

23. •Intervention that should be accomplished in
the stage of tertiary prevention are disability
limitationand rehabilitation
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Thank You