Concept and of adjustment, Causes of maladjustment

Concept and of adjustment, Causes of maladjustment, Problems of adjustment in adolescents and role of school, and teachers in helping the students facing following problems- Anxiety, withdrawal, aggression, delinquency, drug addition, failure and low achievement

1. Concept and of adjustment, Causes of maladjustment, Problems of adjustment in adolescents and role of school, and teachers in helping the students facing following problems- Anxiety, withdrawal, aggression, delinquency, drug addition, failure and low achievement (3) Ubale Amol

2. Concept and of adjustment The term  “adjustment”  originates from the biological term “ adaptation ”. Biologists used the term “ adaptation ” strictly for the physical demands of the environment, but psychologists use the term “adjustment” for varying conditions of social or inter-personal relations in the society.

3. Psychologists have viewed adjustment from two important perspectives —“adjustment as an achievement” , and  “adjustment as a process” .

4. Definition of adjustment According to the Shaffer, L.S . “ Adjustment is the process by which living organism maintain a balance between his needs and the circumstances that influence the satisfactions of these needs . Carter V Good , “adjustment is the process of finding and adopting modes of behavior suitable to the environment or the change in the environment.

5. Characteristics of a well adjusted person: Maturity in thinking Emotional balance Warm and understanding towards others Free from tension due to routine events Independent in decision making

6. Elements in adjustment Satisfaction of needs No obstacle in achieving needs Strong motives in realizing needs Feasible geographical atmosphere to fulfill needs

7. What is Maladjustment? ‘ Maladjustment’ is a process whereby an individual is unable to satisfy his personal needs biological , psychological or social needs successfully and establishes an imbalance between and expectation of the society resulting in the disturbance of psycho-equilibrium.

8. Causes of MALADJUSTMENT 1.      Unhealthy home environment –  Include separated family, divorced family, step parent, drunkard or drug addicted parents, single parenting, low moral and social standard of family. 2.      Heredity causes –  One may feel inferior because of inherited defective mental set up, physiological structure, colour of the skin (dark) which could lead to maladjustment. 3.      Poverty –  When poor children meet rich children in the school, they sometimes develop jealousy, worry and inferiority complex which lead to emotional disturbance.

9. Causes of MALADJUSTMENT 4.      Environment causes –  The forces of the environment begin to play their role from the conception of the child in the womb of the mother in the form of defective nourishment available to him. Uncongenial physical environment, adverse physical environment leads to maladjustment . 5.      Faulty method of teaching –  Faulty method of teaching do not motivate students. The Lesson becomes dull and drudgery. Student begin to hate every process of education. It creates emotional tension which lead to mental illness . 6.      Strict Discipline –  Some traditional schools impose strict discipline, such schools are just like jails and the teachers jailors. Those students are always suffering from fear and worry.

10. Causes of MALADJUSTMENT 7.      Lack of equipments (facility)-  In some schools, there is lack of furniture and proper equipments. Over crowded classes and poor facilities leads to frustration and mental tension. 8.      Lack of guidance and counseling –  Mastery over content and subject matter only without caring for the interest of students causes maladjustment. No guidance is provided for various areas at different levels. Students became confused, frustrated and become maladjusted. 9.      Lack of recreational facilities –  Children who do not get facilities after class in the forms of play, library, debates, discussion, puzzles etc. may have adjustment Problems. 10.   Mass media –  Children are exposed to mass media, explosion of knowledge, adult issues now a days. It the child witnesses films which depict low sexuality and violence, it may lead to maladjustment.

11. Causes of MALADJUSTMENT 11.   Social laws and bindings –  The social laws and legal binding are the most common source of frustrations in one‘s life. Similarly restrictions imposed by parents, teachers, ethical and other groups are common sources of maladjustment. 12.   Bad company / neighborhood –  Neighbourhood is an important conditioner of child‘s behaviour . Many of our youngsters develop delinquencies because such patterns of behaviour are seen in their neighborhood patterns like lying, stealing, obscene talk, promiscuous sex interest.

12. Problems of a Maladjusted : Anxiety चिंता Anxiety is a personality trait. It results from conflict, which is an inevitable part of life. Anxiety describes the individual's level of emotionality. We see many students who are tense and worried (highly anxious) and those who are cool (hardly anxious). Since anxiety is an inferred emotional state of an individual, it cannot be directly observed. It can be measured through psychological tests/techniques.

13. withdrawal Psychological texts define  withdrawal  as the  onset of symptoms, both physical and mental, when a substance is reduced  or not given to the body. The substances we are talking about could be any chemical, but in psychology when discussing withdrawal you tend to deal with some kind of drug. This includes both prescription and illegal drugs as they both affect the body

14. Aggression आक्रामकता Aggression  is overt, often harmful, social interaction with the intention of inflicting damage or other unpleasantness upon another individual. It may occur either in retaliation or without provocation. In humans, frustration due to blocked goals can cause aggression. Human aggression can be classified into direct and indirect aggression, whilst the first is characterized by physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm to someone, the second one is characterized by a behavior intended to harm social relations of an individual or a group

15. Delinquency अपराध Juvenile  delinquency , also known as "juvenile offending", is participation in illegal behavior by minors (juveniles, i.e. individuals younger than the statutory age of majority). Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers, and courts.

16. Drug addiction Drug addiction , also called substance use disorder, is a disease that affects a person's brain and behavior and leads to an inability to control the use of a legal or illegal drug or medication. Substances such as alcohol, marijuana and nicotine also are considered drugs. When you're addicted, you may continue using the drug despite the harm it causes

17. Low achievement विफलता और कम उपलब्धि Low achievement is considered as a multidimensional problem because there are so many factors contribute to the reduction of the educational lower attainment which may be psychological, educational, social or medical reasons.

18. The role of School, teacher in student adjustment Provide a classroom environment  where the children feel free to express themselves Develop in youngsters a sense self respect and self-esteem by complements for work well done. Accept the individual differences of students.  Develops comprehensive cumulative records by collecting information through classroom sitting. Practices good mental health Participate and contributes to the effectiveness of case conferences. Teacher himself should adopt democratic and respective behavior.