Concept of democratic decentralization

different tiers of local govt. in india

1. institute of agricultural sciences ‘’Concept Of Democratic Decentralization’’ Rural Agricultural Work Experience EXT-411(0+4) Presented by :- Kumar Harsh 01-09-2018 1

2. OVERVIEW 9/1/2018 2 Historical Perspective Of Local Government, Balwantrai Mehta Committee Report, 73 rd Amendment Of Constitution, Panchayati raj system.

3. “My idea of village swaraj is that it is a complete republic, independent of its neighbors for its own vital wants, and yet interdependent for many others in which dependence is a necessity. “Mahatma Gandhi’’ 9/1/2018 3

4. The concept of Democratic Decentralization Decentralization is the process of redistributing or dispersing functions, powers, people or things away from a central location or authority. Democratic decentralization can be defined as meaningful authority devolved to local units of governance that are accessible and accountable to the local citizenry, who enjoy full political rights and liberty (Blair) Participation and control of governance by the people of the country is the essence of democracy. 9/1/2018 4

5. Historical Perspective of Local Government

6. The history of modern local self-government in India may be divided into five distinct periods . The first ends with the issue of the well-known resolution of Lord Ripon in 1882. The second ends with the initiation of Dyarchy in the provinces in 1919 . The third ends with the commencement of provincial Autonomy in 1937. The fourth period ends with the framing of the Constitution of India in 1947. 9/1/2018 6

7. The final period was set in motion in 1952 after the Indian constitution came into force in 1950 . During this period momentous alterations highlighting rural development have taken place. 9/1/2018 7

8. Balwantrai Mehta Committee Report

9. The principle thrust of Balwantrai Mehta Committee report was towards decentralization of democratic institutions is an effort to shift decision centers close to the people to enable their active and continuous participation under local popular control . The Ashok Mehta committee’s principal thesis was the functional necessity for decentralization of administration level closer to the people. 9/1/2018 9

10. T he introduction of the 73rd and the 74th Constitutional Amendments, the decentralization has been democratized 9/1/2018 10

11. 73 rd Amendment of Constitution

12. The 73rd Amendment covers many areas that would enable the Panchayats to improve the lives and well-being of poor and vulnerable groups. Moreover , it contains specific provisions that guarantee the participation of traditionally excluded groups, and transparency for local institutions such as the Gram Panchayats and the Gram Sabha . 9/1/2018 12

13. Salient Features of the 73rd and 74 th Constitution Amendment Acts (1992) Panchayats and Municipalities will be “institutions of self-government ”. Basic Units of Democratic System - Gram Sabhas (villages) and Ward Committees (Municipalities) comprising all the adult members registered as voters. Three-tier system of panchayats at village, intermediate block and district levels. Smaller states with population below 2 million only two tiers. Seats at all levels filled by direct election . 9/1/2018 13

14. 5 . Seats reserved for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and chairpersons of the Panchayats at all levels also shall be reserved for SCs and STs in proportion to their population. 6. One-third of the total number of seats reserved for women. One-third of the seats reserved for SCs & STs also reserved for women. One-third offices of chairpersons at all levels reserved for women. 7. Uniform five year term and elections to constitute new bodies to be completed before the expiry of the term. In the event of dissolution, elections compulsorily within six months . 9/1/2018 14

15. Cont.…. Independent Election Commission in each state for superintendence, direction and control of the electoral rolls. Panchayats to prepare plans for economic development and social justice in respect of 29 subjects listed in 11th Schedule. 74th Amendment provides for a District Planning Committee to consolidate the plans prepared by panchayats and Municipalities. Funds : Budgetary allocation from state governments, revenue of certain taxes, collect and retain the revenue it raises, Central Government programmes and Grants. In each State a Finance Commission to determine the principles on the basis of which adequate financial resources would be ensured for panchayats and municipalities. 9/1/2018 15

16. Panchayati Raj System

17. Introduction The  Panchayati Raj  in India generally refers to the   system introduced by constitutional amendment in 1992 , although it is based upon the traditional  panchayat system of  South Asia. The P anchayati R aj system was formalized in 1992, following a study conducted by a number of Indian committees of various ways of implementing more decentralized administration . 9/1/2018 17

18. Panchayati Raj  as the foundation of India's political system Mahatma Gandhi advocated   panchayati raj  as the foundation of India's political system, as a decentralized form of government in which each village would be responsible for its own affairs . The term for such a vision was  Gram Swaraj (" village self-governance"). Instead of it India developed a highly centralized form of government . 9/1/2018 18

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20. Gram Panchayat It is basic, first formal democratic institution at the village level .   The chairperson of this unit is called as Sarpanch .   It is primary unit of local self-government .   Gram panchayat is a cabinet of the village elders, directly elected by the adult citizens of the village . There are 8 to 10 ward punches, two or three co-opted members , who constitute the body of Gram Panchayat ; they consists of 8 to 10 villages.   9/1/2018 20

21. The members of the Gram Panchayats have tenure of five years and are directly elected from wards while the Sarpanch is elected by the members.  There is provision for reservation of seats for women and for scheduled casts and scheduled tribes.  There is Gram Sabha for each panchayat and the Sarpanch is required to conduct Gram Sabha meetings at least once in six months .  9/1/2018 21

22. Powers and Functions of the Sarpanch To convene and preside over the meetings of the Gram Panchayat . To conduct and regulate and be responsible for the proper maintenance of the records of the proceedings of the meetings. To be responsible for the proper working of the Gram panchayat as required by or under the Act. To have authority to enter into correspondence on behalf of Gram panchayat . 9/1/2018 22

23. Following are the Obligatory or the Compulsory Functions: Construction, repairs, maintenance, alteration and extension of village roads, provisions of lights on the roads and other places and removal of encroachments and obstructions. Supply of drinking water to the villages. Adoption of preventive measures against epidemics and other dangerous diseases, prevention of obnoxious and dangerous trade , registration of births and deaths and the preparation of the necessary records for the purpose . 9/1/2018 23

24. Spread of primary education and its management. Social conservation. Control of Markets, ferries, fairs, Ghats and other public places. Adoption and encouragement of improved methods of cultivation. 9/1/2018 24

25. Optional Functions: Development and maintenance of village forests. Development of the livestock. Reclamation of cultivable wastes and follows land. Organization and management of multi-purpose co-operative societies. Famine relief measures. Establishment and maintenance of village libraries. 9/1/2018 25

26. Panchayat Samiti This is the next tier of administration at the Block level.  Local M.L.A. and M.L.C. One person nominated by District Collector. Reservation: 1. Women. 2. One from scheduled castes. 3. One form scheduled tribes. The president and vice-president of the samiti are elected form among the village panchayat presidents. BDO appointed by the Government is the chief executive of the samiti and function as the leader of the team of block level officials. 9/1/2018 26

27. Powers and Functions of Panchayat Samiti The President and members of the Panchayat Samiti have to endeavour to instill among the people within their jurisdiction a spirit of self-help and initiative and harness their enthusiasm for raising the standard of living. They have to enlist the whole-hearted support of the people for the implementation of the Development Programmes , not only of those which relate to the community for which Government assistance is forthcoming but much more so of those which relate to individuals and which as mainly based on self-help. 9/1/2018 27 .

28. In particular all the activities of Community Development Programme are taken over by Panchayat Samiti . The powers of the various authorities to accord administrative and financial sanction in respect of the works and schemes of Panchayat Samiti are embodied in the rules issued by Government. The loan funds available with some of normal development departments such as Agriculture, Animal Husbandary , and Industries etc. are also made over to Panchayat Samiti to be similarly spent and recovered. 9/1/2018 28

29. Zilla Parishad and its Function This is the third tier of Panchayati Raj operating at the district level. It consists of; M.L.A.s of the District M.P.s of the District Two women representative One member from SC and ST communities each Two members interested in rural development The members of the Parishad elect a chairman and a vice-chairman. 9/1/2018 29

30. The District heads of development departments take part in the proceedings of the parishad and its standing committees There will be a secretary appointed by the Government, who attends all meetings of the Parishad and its standing committees.  9/1/2018 30

31. Powers and Functions of the Zilla Parishad : Zilla Parishad should function as advisory body over the Panchayat Samiti with powers to: a) approve their budgets, b) co-ordinate their plans and c) distribute funds given by the Government among the blocks. It has to prepare plans for all items of developmental activities in the district including Municipal areas. It has to secure execution of plans etc. which are common to two or more blocks. Secondary education is the responsibility of Zilla Parishad . 9/1/2018 31

32. It should advise the Government in all matters relating to rural development in the district. It should discuss and review at it’s ordinary meetings the progress made or the results achieved under-various items.   9/1/2018 32

33. Conclusion: 01-09-2018 33

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