Concept of NTFPs resources Inventory-Nepal - Copy.ppt

Forestry awareness

1. Concept of NTFPs Resource Inventory
Methodological Approach in Context of Nepal

2. Presentation outline
Introduction;
Underlying Causes of Unsustainable Harvesting;
Current Harvesting Practices of NTFPs in Nepal;
Government Policies on Sustainable NTFPs Harvesting;
NTFPs Resource Inventory Approaches and Methods;
Challenges;
Conclusion and way forward.

3. Introduction
Non Timber Forest products encompasses all biological materials
other than timber extracted from forest for human uses (De beer
and Mac Dermotte, 1989)
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are the important renewable
forest products among various natural resources in Nepal.
Nepal Supports diverse range of NTFPs at genetic, species and
ecosystem level distributed in all climatic zones.
In Nepal out of 7,000 of flowering plant species, about 700 have
been identified having economic importanceand 1624 have
medicinal and other purpose.

4. NTFPs/MAPs Prioritizes as Per
Ecological Regions
SNRegions Species selected
1Far and mid western hill and high regions Lichens, Yarsagumba, Rittha
2Western midhills Lichens, Sugandhawal, Timur, Rittha
3Karnalizone Yarsagumba, Kutki, Jatamansi
4Western Taraiand lowlands (west of Dang) Sarpagandha, Mentha*, Chamomile*, Bael
5Trans Himalayan region (Manang/ Mustang region)Seabuckthorn, Jatamansiand Panchaule
6Mid hilly regions (Kali Gandakicorridor) Allo, Lokta, Satuwa, Dalchini*, Lichens
7Mid Tarai and lowlands (Nawalparai to Parsa)Kurilo, Mentha*, Chamomile*, Lemongrass*
8Highlands of Gorkha, Dhading, Rasuwa, Sindhupalchowk
and Dolakha
Jatamansi, Lokta
9Central midhills Dhasingre, Satuwa, Lichens, Chiuri
10Eastern Midhills Chiraito, Lichens
11Eastern Himalayas (Solukhumbu, Sankhuasabha and
Taplejung)
Kutki, Chiraito
12Eastern Tarai(Bara to Jhapa) Pipla, Mentha*, Lemon grass*

5. 36 prioritized NTFPs species
(Economically/trade)
Lauthsall,Khotesalla,Argeli,Khayer,Ritha,Atish,Kaulo,
Chutro,Timur,Pakhanbed,BanLasun,Bojho,Satuwa,Amala,
Kaulo,Guchhichyau,Titepati,Padamchal,Gurju,Jhyau,
Nirmasi,Majhitho,Musli,Somlata,Nagbeli,Siltimur,Pipla,
Kurilo,Bel,Tejpat,Lokta,Chiraitro,Yarsagumba,Jatamasi,
Sugandhawal,Kutki.Trees
29%
Shrubs
14%
Herbs
49%
Climbers
8%
Trees
Shrubs
Herbs
Climbers
(Life-form spectrum of commercially important, MAPs)
Bhattarai & Ghimire 2006.).

6. Major Trade Routes
Mechi
Biratnagar
Birgunj
Bhairawaha
Nepalgunj
Dhangadhi
M. Nagar
Kathmandu
WalangchungGola
Tatopani
Kerung
Yari-Hilsa
Rui

7. Underlying Causes of Unsustainable Harvesting
Policy Related Issues:
◦Ban on species
◦Cumbersome process
Technical Issues:
◦Unskilled and unscientific harvesting
◦Lack of proper technique and equipment in harvesting
Institutional Issues:
◦Limited participation of poor, women and disadvantaged groups in decision making
and benefit sharing
◦Lack of value addition arrangements: processing storage facilities
Market, Marketing and Trade Related Issues:
◦Lackofreliablemarketprice;marketinformationsystematproducer/collectorlevel;
Lackofcommunicationandtransparency
◦;

8. Problems in Sustainable
Harvesting
Forest fire
Over harvesting
Difficult landscape
Involvement of many collectors
Over grazing
Less wages to the collector
Lack of accurate NTFPs/MAPs inventory
Lack of appropriate technology
Less importance in CFOP
Lack of R&D in domestication

9. Current NTFPs Harvesting
Practices in Nepal
Harvesting carried out in Traditional way(Bhattarai, 1994)
Little consideration on the natural regeneration and lack of organized
efforts in the collection (ANSAB, 2004; 2006, 2017);
NTFPs collection is concentrated only in the accessible forest area-this
multi collection focusing on single products with high market value
caused the overexploitation of the resources particularly NTFPs (Olsen,
1999)

10. Harvesting Practices in Nepal

12. Sustainable Harvesting Practices Depending on the
Forest Conditions (ANSABs experience)
1. No Harvesting Techniques:
◦When NTFPs are occasionally used for domestic purpose by limited population
with low demand in the market in such situation we need not to apply the such
sustainable harvesting techniques.
2. Controlled Harvesting:
◦Collection of harvestable NTFPs while retaining enough individuals for supplying
natural regeneration is a best strategy to initiate for an improved production
system sustainably
◦This is an simple and easy way need to adopt in the Nepal
The controlled harvesting could be obtained through:
◦ Rotational harvesting;
◦ Selective harvesting; and
◦ Fixed quantity harvesting

13. Sustainable NTFPs Management Technique
in CF(ANSABs learning)

14. Government Policies on Sustainable NTFPs
Harvesting

15. Government Policies on Sustainable NTFPs
Harvesting…

16. Concept of NTFPs Resource
Inventory:
Approaches and Method

17. Approach
Standardize methodology –Consultative/Scientific
Active Community Participation
Combination of RS/GIS and Ground Truthing
Building on growing stock inventory to NTFPs
monitoring

18. Key Steps of NTFPs resource Inventory
Preparatio
n for the
inventory
•Prepare yourself
•Arrangement of required tools and instruments
•Orientation training to community members
Sampling
design
•Delineation of species effective area
•Conduct participatory resource mapping
•Stratification and area calculation
•Layout the plots on the map
Carryout
the
measurem
ent
•Layout the sample plots on the ground
•Measurement and recording
Data
analysis
and
interpreta
tion
•Compilation
•Analysis
•Interpretation and incorporation on the CF management plan
Stages Steps

19. Stage 1: Get prepared for the inventory
Step1:Selfpreparation
◦Learninganddevelopingskilltoworkwiththecommunities
◦Gatheringdetailedinformationaboutthecommunityandlocality
Step2:Buildingrapportandmakingpreliminaryplanfor
inventory
Step3:Developandarrange
oDatacollectionformats
oEquipment's(forinventory)
oMap(Topomap/Satelliteimage)ofstudyarea
Step4:Orientationtotheteam
oWhatistimberandNTFPsforestproducts
oWhatistheprocessofNTFPsinventory
oHowtohandletheequipment's
oHowtorecordthedataetc…

20. Orientation and field demonstration

21. Development and Arrangement
Equipment
Human resource management
Team formation
Detailed field planning and measurement

22. List of instrument used

23. Stage 2: Delineate Forest Boundary and
Develop Sampling Design
Layout sample plots on the map
Stratify and calculate area
Delineate forest boundary and prepare
map
Conduct participatory resource mapping

24. Step 1: Forest area delineation
Delineation of Forest boundaries
Forlargeforest(>500ha):Highresolutionsatellite/Topographicmap
Forsmall–sizedforestwithlessthen500ha:GPSandCompass
oSpatialboundariesoftheparticularareaneededtoclearlydefined
oAwatershedorwholealandscapecanbeanaturalentityofaprojectarea
oRemotesensingtoolslikesatelliteimages,aerialphotographs,GPS,Topographicmaps,land
usemapsetc.areusedforboundarydelineation.

25. Step 1: Forest area delineation contd..
CF Boundary delineation
oHighresolutionsatelliteimageisusedtofinddifferentnatural
boundaries,landcoverandtotracetheCFonthemapin
participatorymanner
oGPStrackingiscarriedouttodelineateforestboundarieswhere
naturalforestboundariesarenotclear
oForestblocksarethentracedonthebasemapand
digitizedwiththehelpofArcGISsoftwaretools
oAbasemapoftheprojectsiteisproduced

26. Step 2: Participatory Resource Mapping
Objective: to identify suitable forest area for inventory, identify various land
regimes of the forest, potential areas of commercial NTFPs, participatory
map preparation
Gather the inventory team and other FMUs members
Select a location from where most parts of the forest are visible
Explain the purpose and process of participatory mapping
Choose two community members to draw the forest boundary
Gather the material (e.g. sticks, stones, wood ash, flowers, leaves, and other
material that are available locally) to develop the participatory resource
mapping (also can use the brown sheet and marker of various color)

27. Step3: Stratification of the forest and area
calculation
The entire project or forest area is stratified into more or less homogeneous units in
a participatory way. Stratification is carried out to
Cerates units of forests
Helps to reduce error and uncertainties
Basis of forest stratification
Forest types
Dominant tree /NTFPs species
Age of trees
Altitude, Aspect and position of hill slopes
Natural physical boundary
Site quality
Canopy density

28. Select 5-10 Most prioritized
NTFPs species
Selecting most promising NTFPs for the detail assessment
Conduct a meeting with FMUs members such as, local forest dweller, local leaders, NTFP collectors, CFUG
executive members, local traders and processors, healers, poor, dalit and IPs just after the completion of participatory
resource assessment at FMUs.
Make clear to the participants on the objectives and methods of selection of the most promising NTFPs
Get the information on the availability of NTFPs in the studied area from local community people.
Develop a list of NTFPs available in the CF area.
Facilitate the participants to come up with a list of more than 50-60 available NTFPs and also brief them on the
methods for prioritizing the most important NTFPs.
Facilitate the participants while prioritizing NTFPs, and provide the basis of prioritization such as: social, physical,
economic and ecologic criteria, such as quantity available in the forest, accessibility, market price, conservation status
and number of people involved in harvesting were used.
Facilitate the participants to prioritize 5-10 most important NTFPs species available in the area based on the above
criteria.
Facilitate the group to score and rank their total scored value.
Finally, facilitate the participants to rank and the scored and came up with the list of prioritized and most promising
NTFPs for detail assessment.

29. Stratification of the forest and area
calculation ..

30. Step4: Sample plot distribution and layout
Plot distribution
A base map is used to produce locations of random sample plots.
Plots are laid out and distributed randomly within each stratum using standard
sampling method or software (eg. Hawths’tool of Arc GIS)
The coordinates of selected sample plots will be uploaded in GPS which will be
used to locate the plot on ground.

31. Sample plots distributed on
Base Map

32. Sampling Intensity
Based on MFSC 2004 and ANSAB 2010

33. Sample Plot Size
SNForms of NTFPSizeof
pot
Dimension of
rectangular plot
Radius for
circular plot
Remarks
1Herbs and
regeneration
25 m
2
or
4 m
2
5*5, 2*2 2.82m/ 1.128mIfhighly
scattered
2Shrubs 100 m
2
10*10 5.64 m If normal
3Trees 500 m
2
20*25 12.62m >30 cm
100m
2
10*10 5.64 m 10-30 cm

34. Size and shape of circular plot
12.62mradius(orwithradius
dependentontreedensity)
plottomeasuretree=>30cm
DBH.
5.64 m radius plots for Pole
size tree <10-30 cm DBH)
2.82/1.128 m radius plots for
herbs and regeneration
2.82/1.128 m radius plots for
composite plots
N

35. Size and shape of rectangular plot
LHG and
SOC
(1 sq m)
Pole Shrub
Plot
(100 sq m)
Herb/Regener
ation plot (25
m
2
) or 4 m
2
Rectangular Nested Plot
Tree Plot
(500 sq m)

36. Sample size and No of sample plots determination
Basedonthesamplingareaandsampleplotsize,thenumberofsampleplotscanbe
calculatedasfollowing:
oTakethetotalarea(inhectare)ofrequiredsamplesizefortimberandNTFPspeciesstrata
oDecidethesampleplotsizeforeachstratumand
oCalculatethenumberofsampleplotsdividingtotalsamplesizebytheareaofasample
plotwhichwewishtoforvariouslifeforms.i.e.
No. of Sample plot for a strata
Area of strata(ha)*sampling
intensity(%)*100
Size of sample plot(m
2
)
=

37. Sample size and No of sample plots determination….
Example(ANSAB, 2017)
S.NSpeciesHabitat
Area(Ha)
Form
of
MAP
Sample
plot size
(m
2
)
SI
%
Sampling
area (ha)
No of
sample plot
measured
1Chiuri30664.64Tree 5000.01 3.07 61
2Tejpat8706.41Tree 5000.01 0.87 17
3Timur20223.84Shrub1000.01 2.02 92
4Samayo14674.35Herb 25 0.01 1.47 415

38. Sampling Method2. Random and systematic sampling (using GPS)
with a random starting point.
Best and efficient one is:
Stratified systematic sapling
Need of GPS and GIS knowledge
Scientific and accurate
Map should include
geographic position

39. Stage 3: Carryout Measurement in the
Field
Field measurement and recording
Lay the sample plots on the ground

40. Permanent plot navigation
Plot navigation using GPS

41. Regeneration&
herbs
Pole size
trees &
shrubs
Mature
trees >30
cm DBH
Carryout the measurement in the field

42. Center point marking
Centerpointmarkingandreferencing
Slopecorrection12 13
14
Tree 12
Tree 13
Tree 14stone
ReferenceBearing
[degree]
Distance
[meter]
Tree 12 347 12.7
Tree 13 48 13.1
Tree 14 96 12.5
Stone 204 4.6
in the plot
on the inventory form’s plot reference section
plot centre
plot centre
Stepping method of surveying will be used for slope correction
If AC is the sloping distance
If θis the sloping angle, then
Horizontal distance will be , AB= AC*Cos θ
Then use the horizontal distance for the plot size
Plot center
5.64
meter
5.64
meter
Plot
center
Fig.1: Stepping method for slope correction

43. Slope correction chart
Slope correction for radious of the circle
Slope (degrees)
0.56m 1m 5.64m 8.92m
Herb/shrub/litter/soil Seedling Sapling Tree
0 0.56 1.00 5.64 8.92
2 0.56 1.00 5.64 8.93
4 0.56 1.00 5.65 8.94
6 0.56 1.01 5.67 8.97
8 0.57 1.01 5.70 9.01
10 0.57 1.02 5.73 9.06
12 0.57 1.02 5.77 9.12
14 0.58 1.03 5.81 9.19
16 0.58 1.04 5.87 9.28
18 0.59 1.05 5.93 9.38
20 0.60 1.06 6.00 9.49
22 0.60 1.08 6.08 9.62
24 0.61 1.09 6.17 9.76
26 0.62 1.11 6.28 9.93
28 0.63 1.13 6.39 10.10
30 0.65 1.15 6.51 10.30
32 0.66 1.18 6.65 10.52
34 0.68 1.21 6.80 10.76
36 0.69 1.24 6.97 11.03
38 0.71 1.27 7.16 11.32
40 0.73 1.31 7.36 11.65
42 0.75 1.35 7.59 12.01
44 0.78 1.39 7.84 12.40
46 0.81 1.44 8.12 12.85
48 0.84 1.50 8.43 13.34

44. Tree diameter measurement
Standard Tree diameter measurement points

45. Tree measurement
Tree DBH at (1.3 m) and height of individual tree (>30cm DBH) are
measured with the help of diameter tape and vertex or Survey
master.

46. Non-timber forest products
I.Species
II.No of trees, DBH, Height (in
case of tree products)
III.Biomass (kg)
Plants product form
•Roots and rhizome
•Leaves, Bark
•Fruits and Flowers
•Whole plant
NTFPs resource measurement

47. Species and their inventory season

48. Inventory of NTFPs (Rhizome)

49. Tree Bark

50. Shrub Bark

51. Inventory of NTFPs (Leaves)

52. Fruits

53. NTFPs (Whole Plant)

54. Quality Assurance(QA) and Quality Control (QC)
QA/QCforfieldmeasurements:
TrainingonNTFPsinventory,equipmenthandlingtotheteam;closemonitoring,
re-monitoring(1%)plotsandjointverificationbyexperts
QA/QCforlaboratorymeasurements:
AnalyzingsamplesofdifferentformsofMAPsandre-measurementofdry
weights;
QA/QCfordataentryanalysis:
Trainingondataentryandanalysis,someenteredformsandanalysispartswere
cross-checked

55. Stage 4: Data analysis and Interpretation
The following four steps
Step1.Compilethedataformats
Step2.Enterthefielddata
Step3.Analysethedata
Step4.Interpretthedata
Step3:Analysethedata:Theanalysisofdataprovideusthefollowinginformation
oPlantandstockdensityofbothtimerandNTFPs
oTotalgrowingstockprehectare
oAnnualharvestablestockforeachspeciesperhectare
oTotalgrowingstockandharvestablestock(specieswise)inthegivenunitofland(block,strataandforest)

56. Stage 4: Data analysis and Interpretation…
The following steps should be followed for data analysis
1.Summarizeplotleveldata
2.Deriveperhectarevaluesfromplotdata
3.Findblockleveltotaldryweightoftheproduct
4.Calculatethetotaldryweightoftheproductsinthewholeforest

57. Data AnalysisDensity estimation:
Frequency estimation:
Conversion factor:

58. Presentation of the NTFPs Results

59. Presentation of the NTFPs Results District
Species Forms of
plant
Density of
regeneration
(per ha)
Density of Mature
plant
( per ha)
Banke

Kurilo (Asparagus racemosus) Herb 253 326
Pipla (Piper longum Linn.) Herb 993 193
Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina) Herb 165 155
Sikakai (Acacia rugata) Shrub 43 132
Mentha (Mentha arvensis Linn) Herbs NA NA
Dang

Chiuri (Diploknema butyracea) Tree 3 17
Sugandhakokila (Cinnamomum
glaucescens)
Tree 3 17
Tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala) Tree 13 14
Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum) Shrub 43 6

60. AAH(%)

61. AAH and Conversion factors
(examples)SNSpecies Conversion factor (Cf) References AAH
1Amala 0.03 Gurung (2008) 0.90
2Chamomile 0.008* KC (2014) and field survey (2017)1.00
3Chiuri 0.74 ANSAB Field survey (2017) 0.90
4Kaulo 0.60 ANSAB Field survey (2017) 0.50
5Kurilo 0.14 KC (2014) 0.80
6Mentha 0.01* ANSAB Field survey (2017) 1.00
7Pipla 0.20 ANSAB Field survey (2017) 0.90
8Sugandhawal 0.50 ANSAB (2010) 0.80
9Sarpagandha 0.20 Field survey 2017 0.80
10Sikakai 0.60 Field survey 2017 0.90
11Sugandhakokila 0.30 Field survey 2017 0.90
12Tejpat 0.33 Field survey 2017 0.70
13Timur 0.42 ANSAB (2010) 0.80
14Rittha 0.9 Field survey 2017 0.80

62. Growing stock and AAH

63. Interpretation of Results
The inventory results are then used in:
Harvesting plan of timber and each NTFP
product
Forest management plan of community
managed forest
Business plan for enterprise development
Reports of NTFP research and inventory

64. Lessons learnt
ParticipatoryNTFPAssessmentenhanceownershipoverprocess.
InvolvinglocalcommunitiesinNTFPsmeasurementwithcapacity
buildingismuchmoreeffective
Betterwaytoknowledgetransformation
◦ProducesLRPfortheNTFPsinventoryinthecommunity
◦reducescostandtime
CFbundlingandcommunityinvolvement
InstitutionalizedParticipatoryNTFPsAssessmentandMonitoring
(incorporateinCFmanagementplan)

65. Challenges and way forward

66. Conclusions

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