Concept of Organizational Behaviour

This pdf file may includes concept of organizational behaviour, characteristics of OB and it's importants to the business organization and leadership process with the major contributing disciplines of organization (Psychology, Social psychology, Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science). This pdf helpful to know about the emerging trends of OB ans d it's challenges and opportunities in an organization. It's also includes the belief systems, attitude of employees and managers towards organization and values and norms of the organization.

1. Introduction to Organization Behavior Submitted By: Abin Bamrel

2. Table of content Introduction Characteristic of Organizational Behaviour Key Elements of OB Importance of OB Basic assumptions of OB Levels of OB Contributing Discipline of OB Emerging Trends of OB Challeges and Opportunities of OB Models of OB Beliefs Attitude Components of Attitude Types of Attitude Formation of Attitude
Importance of Attitude Values Types of Values
Importance of Values Emotion Types of Emotion

3. Introduction : Organizational Behavior(OB) is concerned with analyzing, understanding, predicting and managing human behaviour in the organization for improving organizational effectiveness. It is the study of what people do in the organization and how their behaviour affects in organizational performance. It’s also the study of human psychology and directly concerned with studying human behaviour at work. Basically it’s the combined form of two words, organization and behaviour. An organization is a collection of people working together in a division of labor to achieve a common perpose whereas behaviour is concerned with activities and interaction that individuals do in the organization.

4. Definitions : Different authors have defined OB on their aspect. Some of those are: Stepten P. Robbins :- “OB is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behaviour within organization for the purpose if applying such knowledge towards improving an organization’s effectiveness.” Luthans:- “Organizational Behaviour is directly concerned with the understanding, prediction and control of human behaviour in organizations”. McShane and Glinow:- “Organizational Behaviour is the study of what people thinks, feel and do in and around organizations”. After above discussion and definitions of famous scholar, we can state as OB observes the human activities within an organization and apply it’s respective power to maintain an organization.

5. Characteristics of Organizational Behaviour : A Separate Field
A Normative Science Multidisciplinary Approach
Both Art and Science Focus on Objectives
A Total System People Oriented Environmental Influence

6. Key Elements of OB : People Structure Technology External Environment

7. Importance/Significance of OB: The importance of study of Organizational behaviour in organization are as follows: Understand Organization and Employees in a better way Motivate Employee
Improve industrial/labour relations
Prediction and control of human behaviour Effective utilization of human resources
Improve Productivity
Goal Integration

8. Basic Assumptions of OB : On The Nature of People Basic: Individual difference A whole person
Caused behaviour Value of the person Desire for Involvement Selective Perception 2.On The Nature of Organizational Basic: Social System Ethical Treatment Mutual Interest

9. Levels of OB(Scope of OB): Individual Level Analysis
Group Level Organization Level

10. Contributing Disciplines of OB : Contributing Disciplines to OB Psychology Social Psychology Political Science Sociology Anthropology

11. Psychology : Domain of OB inherented from psychology are: Learning Motivation Perception Personality Attitude Job Satisfaction Work Stress It is a science that seeks to measure and explain and sometime change the behaviour of humans as well as animals.

12. Sociology : Domain of OB inherented from Sociology are: Organizational Culture
Organizational Structure Power and Politics
Organizational Communication As a psychology focus on individuals while sociology studies people in relation to social environment and culture.

13. Social Psychology: Domain of OB inherented from Social Psychology are: Group Decision Making
Communication Behaviour Change Social Psychology is inherented from Sociology and Psychology. Social Psychology studies the influence of people on one another. It’s more oriented towards group behaviour.

14. Anthropology : Domain of OB inherented from Anthropology are: Cross Cultural Analysis Organizational Culture Comparative Values It is a field that seeks to study of various societies to learn about human beings and their activities.

15. Emerging Trends of OB : Open system
Human orientation Distributed power
Intrinsic/inherent motivation Balanced focus
Self-discipline Leadership and team support
Positive attitude

16. Challenges and Opportunities of OB : Globalization Workforce Diversity
Quality and Productivity
Improving People Skills
Empwerment of Employees
Managing Organization Change
Improving Ethical Behaviour
Improving Customer Service Managing Information Technology

17. Models of Organizational Behaviour : Autocratic Custrodial Supportive Collegiale

18. Models of OB: There are four major models or frameworks that organizations operate out of, Autocratic, Custodial, Supportive, and Collegial:
Autocratic — The basis of this model is power with a managerial orientation of authority. The employees in turn are oriented towards obedience and dependence on the boss. The employee need that is met is subsistence. The performance result is minimal.
Custodial — The basis of this model is economic resources with a managerial orientation of money. The employees in turn, are oriented towards security, benefits, and dependence on the organization. The employee need that is met is security. The performance result is passive cooperation.
Supportive — The basis of this model is leadership with a managerial orientation of support. The employees in turn are oriented towards job performance and participation. The employee need that is met is status and recognition. The performance result is awakened drives.
Collegial — The basis of this model is partnership with a managerial orientation of teamwork. The employees in turn are oriented towards responsible behavior and self-discipline. The employee need that is met is self-actualization. The performance result is moderate enthusiasm

19. Beliefs : Beliefs refers to perception or attitude towards an object that an individual has developed through past experience and learning. Beliefs are Psychological foundation of individual behaviour. They are based on knowledge, opinion and faith. They develop from facts that are considered truthful even without positive knowledge or proof. For example, the presence of God is a belief that is widely held among almost all the people. Beliefs provide great impact on individual behaviour.

20. Attitudes : Attitude is a judgmental statement concerning objects, people or events. It may be either favorable or unfevorable. It reflects how one feels about something. Fair example when one says “he likes his job”, it means he is expressing his attitude toward work. In others words, attitudes are the individual differences that affect the behaviour.

21. Components of Attitudes: Components of Attitudes Affective Component Behavioral Component Cognitive Component

22. Components of Attitudes: 1.Affective component: Affective component of attitude is associated with individual feelings about another person, which may be positive, negative or neutral. Example: I am scared of spider. 2. Behavioral component: Behavioral component of attitude is associated with the impact of various condition or situations that lead to person behavior based on cognitive and affective components. Example:I will avoid spider and scream if I see it. 3.Cognitive component: Cognitive component of attitude is associated with the value statement. It consists of values, belief, ideas and other information that a person may have faith in. Example: I believe spider are dangerous

23. Types of Attitude : There are broadly three types of attitude in term of organisational behavior. Those are: 1. Job satisfaction 2. Job involvement 3. Organizational commitment 1.Job satisfaction: Job satisfaction is a collection of feelings that an individual holds towards his job. It may be positive or negative. Positive attitude is concerned with high level of job satisfaction. Similarly, negative attitude is concerned with job dissatisfaction. 2. Job Involvement: In job Involvement process employees having feeling of job Involvement consider job as a major part is their lives. They strongly identify their jobs and give maximum effort to accomplish the assigned job with specified time and standard. They take complete responsibility for better performance. 3. Organizational Commitment: Organizational Commitment is the emotional attachment that individuals have toward the organization they are working. It is an attitude reflecting and employee’s loyalty towards the organization. It develops a willingness among employees to exert high levels of efforts to achieve organizational goals.

24. Formation of Attitude : Family
Peer groups Society Associations
Experience Personality Environmental factors
Media
Educational institutions

25. Importance of Attitude : It determines job satisfaction and high level of job performance. It facilitates to maximize productivity It gives rise to positive and constructive feeling
It helps individuals to adapt with their working environment It helps to reduce absenteeism

26. Values : Values represent individual’s snese of what is right or wrong, good or bad and desirable or undesirable. They are stable and long lasting belief.

27. Types of Values : Types of Values Instrumental Values Terminal Values

28. Terminal Values & Instrumental Values : Instrumental values deal with views on acceptable modes of conductor means of achieving the terminal values.These include being honest, sincere, ethical, and being ambitious. These values are more focused on personality traits and character. These are values that we think are most important or most desirable.
These refer to desirable end-states of existence, the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.They include happiness, self-respect, recognition, inner harmony, leading a prosperous life, and professional excellence.

29. Importance of Values : Values influence perception of individuals
Values helps to motivate an individual for effective performance Values encourage for achieving organizational as well as individual goals
Values influence on the behaviour of the individuals
Values provide for stabilities and informities in group interaction

30. Emotion : Emotion is a conscious mental reaction that is directed towards a specific object. Emotion are the feeling of person that comes from psychological pattern or part and expressed or shown by physiological part of body. Emotions are very important component to affect any human behaviour. There are several types of emotions such as:- happiness, fear, dare, anger, frustration, disgust, irritation, shyness, ashame, sad and so on.

31. Types of Emotion: Types of Emotions Positive Emotion Negative Emotion