Concept-of-Translation powerpoint presentation

This presentation aims to provide a chunk of information for college and graduate school students

1. TRANSLATION 2020

2. ETYMOLOGY Translation – came from the Latin “ translatio ” (to carry across), an adaptation from the Greek’s concept of “ metaphrasis ” (word-for-word or literal) vs. “paraphrasis” (saying in other word). In linguistic approach, these terms are tantamount to formal equivalence vs. dynamic equivalence.

3. CONCEPT OF TRANSLATION

4. Definition of Translation Here are definitions of translation from different authorities, manifesting their different point of views. Each adheres to different approaches as guide to the process of translation depending upon the needs and objectives of the text being translated.

5. Translation consists in producing in the receptor language the closest, natural equivalent of the message of the source and secondly in style. (Nida, E. 1964) from “ Patnubay sa Pagsasalin ”., ( Almario V., et al, 2003) Ang pagsasalin ay paglalahad sa tumatanggap na wika ng pinakamalapit na natural na katumbas ng mensahe ng simulaaang wika , una’y sa kahulugan at pangalawa sa estilo .

6. Translation is made possible by an equivalence of thought that lies behind its verbal expressions (Savory, T. 1968) from ( Almario , V., et al., 2003). Ang pagsasalin ay maaring maisagawa sa pamamagitan ng pagtutumbas sa kaisipang nasa likod ng mga pahayag na berbal .

7. Translation is an exercise which consists in the attempt to replace a written message in one language by the same message in another language. (Newmark, P. 1998) from ( Almario ., et al., 2003) Ang pagsasalin ay isang gawaing binubuo ng pagtatangkang palitan ang isang nakasulat na mensahe sa isang wika ng gayon ding mensahe sa ibang wika .

8. Translation is producing in the receptor language a text which communicates the same message as the source language but using the natural grammatical and lexical choices of the receptor language. (Larson, M. 1984) from ( Almario V., et al., 2003) Ang pasasalin ay muling paglalahad sa tumatangap na wika ng tekstong naglalahatid ng mensaheng katulad ng sa simulaang wika ngunit gumagamit ng piling mga tuntuning paggramtika at mga salita ng tumatanggap na wika .

9. Translation is a communicative process which takes place within a social context. (Hatim, B. and Mason, I. 1990) from ( Almario , V., et al., 2003) Ang pagsasalin ay isang prosesong komunikatibo na naganap sa loob ng isang kontekstong panlipunan .

10. There are two languages involved in the process of translation: Source language – SL ( simulang lenggwahe ) that is the language of the original text; and Target language – TL ( tunguhan lenggwahe ), that the translator uses. What really is being translated from the first language to the second language?

11. Based from the definitions of the different authorities such as Nida , Savory, Newmark, and Larson , a common focus in translation which is transferring of “message” from a source language to the target language is the most important consideration. Literal translation may be considered in some instances without disregarding the meaning of the text.

12. A translator should know that every language has a way of expressing ideas that run in the mind and heart of an individual. A translator should know that there are levels of meaning depending upon the quality of sounds and richness of synonymy of the word.

13. This means it is impossible to look for the exact equivalent word in both languages involved in translation. Examples: Clock and watch in English are both relo in Filipino Snow in English is nyebe in Filipino from Spanish language. Rice in English which stands for rice- kanin (cooked rice), rice cake (suman), child ( bata ), young ( bata ).

14. Considering the use of word and situation involved, in giving equivalence, there is a need for translator to carefully analyze the situation or context and the use of words in the text. In this, the translator discovers that other than synonymy of words, the idea of degree or intensity of difference in meaning of words, which is called nuances in English, is also one important thing to consider.

15. EXAMPLES: Sadness, loneliness, anguish, and morning Each refers to sadness. The idea of sadness in each word differs in degree and characteristics. Synonyms have their specific and appropriate use, hence should not be used interchangeably.

16. Giving equivalence should fulfill the principle called ‘closest naturalness’ of equivalence to the source of language. Examples: “Not all that glitters is gold.” “Hindi lahat ng kumikinang ay ginto .” 2. “We have to carry on the project.” Kailangan natin nating maisagawa ang proyekto . 3. “Time is gold.” ( Ginto ang panahon / Mahalaga ang panahon .)

17. There is a need for a translator to be analytical regarding appropriateness of words when translating an idiomatic expression. A translator should be able to translate an idiomatic expression meaningfully. Translating an idiomatic expression literally would sound funny. If not ridiculous. Here are some examples: “lend a hand” – ‘ tumulong ka’ rather than ‘ pahiramin mo ng kamay ’ “You can count on me” – ‘ Maaasahan mo ako ’ instead of ‘ Maisasama mo siya sa bilang ’ or ‘ Maibibilang mo siya ’ “barking on the wrong tree” is not “ kumakahol sa maling puno ” but “ nagkamali ka ng taong kakausapin / haharapin ”

18. There is a kind of expertise need in translating idiomatic expressions. An expert translator is one who is able to give an idiomatic translation to an idiomatic expression in the target language. Here are some examples of idiomatic to idiomatic equivalence. “hand-to-mouth existence” – “ isang kahig , isang tuka ” “dyed-in –the-wool” – “ sagad sa buto ” black sheep – tupang itim like a whirlwind – parang bagyo a dim a dozen – sampu sampera

19. There are instances when translators apply a free translation. Oftentimes, in free translation, the translator disregards the closest equivalence aiming to make the reader understand in another language and in another time what the original message/idea means.

20. An example of this is the epigram “Love looks through a telescope, envy through a microscope”. This is translated freely in this form: “Ang pag-ibig ay tumitingin sa teleskopyo , ang inggit ay sa mikroskopyo ”. The word telescope and microscope known to many, spelled in Filipino from Spanish. However, it is more natural if translated as: “ Masaklaw tumingin ang pag-ibig , makitid ang inggit .”

21. It is equally important to consider the definition of Hatim and Mason, I.,e ., translation occurs with n the “context of society”, an anticipation that language as a product of society is involved in translation.

22. According to Franz Fanon ( Almario , A. et al. 2003), that speaking a language means getting into its world an culture. Language is not separate from the world and culture, and the origin and life that gives to it.