ConfinedSpaceTraining edfcx vsbgdyfg vnewiucvg bdw.ppt
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Feb 27, 2025
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About This Presentation
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Slide Content
Confined SpacesConfined Spaces
Office of Environmental Health & Safety
East Carolina University
210 East Fourth St.
Greenville, NC 27858
(252) 328-6166
[email protected]
Office of Environmental Health & Safety
East Carolina University
210 East Fourth St.
Greenville, NC 27858
(252) 328-6166
[email protected]
Rescuers Account Rescuers Account
for Over 60% of for Over 60% of
Confined Space Confined Space
FatalitiesFatalities
for Over 60% of for Over 60% of
Confined Space Confined Space
FatalitiesFatalities
Confined Space TragediesConfined Space Tragedies
oThree construction supervisors die Three construction supervisors die
from asphyxiation in a manhole. from asphyxiation in a manhole.
Oxygen levels 18.5 – 20 and Oxygen levels 18.5 – 20 and
Methane levels 300 – 600 ppm Methane levels 300 – 600 ppm
oThree construction supervisors die Three construction supervisors die
from asphyxiation in a manhole. from asphyxiation in a manhole.
Oxygen levels 18.5 – 20 and Oxygen levels 18.5 – 20 and
Methane levels 300 – 600 ppm Methane levels 300 – 600 ppm
Training OutlineTraining Outline
oWhat is a Confined Space?What is a Confined Space?
oConfined Spaces on CampusConfined Spaces on Campus
oConfined Space HazardsConfined Space Hazards
oPPE & Equipment RequirementsPPE & Equipment Requirements
oThe Entry PermitThe Entry Permit
oDuties of Authorized Entrants, Attendants Duties of Authorized Entrants, Attendants
and Entry Supervisorand Entry Supervisor
oRescue and Emergency ServicesRescue and Emergency Services
oContractorsContractors
oWhat is a Confined Space?What is a Confined Space?
oConfined Spaces on CampusConfined Spaces on Campus
oConfined Space HazardsConfined Space Hazards
oPPE & Equipment RequirementsPPE & Equipment Requirements
oThe Entry PermitThe Entry Permit
oDuties of Authorized Entrants, Attendants Duties of Authorized Entrants, Attendants
and Entry Supervisorand Entry Supervisor
oRescue and Emergency ServicesRescue and Emergency Services
oContractorsContractors
Regulatory RequirementRegulatory Requirement
oOSHA 29 CFR 1910.146: Permit-OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146: Permit-
Required Confined Spaces - (Jan 1993)Required Confined Spaces - (Jan 1993)
oIdentify Confined Spaces in WorkplaceIdentify Confined Spaces in Workplace
oIdentify hazards in these spacesIdentify hazards in these spaces
oIdentify procedures for controlling these Identify procedures for controlling these
hazardshazards
oTrain employees on confined space entryTrain employees on confined space entry
oKeep records of compliance & training for all Keep records of compliance & training for all
confined space activitiesconfined space activities
oOSHA 29 CFR 1910.146: Permit-OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146: Permit-
Required Confined Spaces - (Jan 1993)Required Confined Spaces - (Jan 1993)
oIdentify Confined Spaces in WorkplaceIdentify Confined Spaces in Workplace
oIdentify hazards in these spacesIdentify hazards in these spaces
oIdentify procedures for controlling these Identify procedures for controlling these
hazardshazards
oTrain employees on confined space entryTrain employees on confined space entry
oKeep records of compliance & training for all Keep records of compliance & training for all
confined space activitiesconfined space activities
What is a What is a
Confined Space?Confined Space?
oLarge enough that an employee can Large enough that an employee can
enter and perform assigned workenter and perform assigned work
oHas limited or restricted means for Has limited or restricted means for
entry or exitentry or exit
oNot designed for continuous employee Not designed for continuous employee
occupancyoccupancy
Confined Space?Confined Space?
oLarge enough that an employee can Large enough that an employee can
enter and perform assigned workenter and perform assigned work
oHas limited or restricted means for Has limited or restricted means for
entry or exitentry or exit
oNot designed for continuous employee Not designed for continuous employee
occupancyoccupancy
ExamplesExamples
otankstanks
opitspits
otunnelstunnels
ovaultsvaults
oboilersboilers
osewers sewers
oshaftsshafts
oventilation ductsventilation ducts
ocrawl spacescrawl spaces
otankstanks
opitspits
otunnelstunnels
ovaultsvaults
oboilersboilers
osewers sewers
oshaftsshafts
oventilation ductsventilation ducts
ocrawl spacescrawl spaces
Permit-RequiredPermit-Required
Confined SpaceConfined Space
oContains or has the potential to contain a Contains or has the potential to contain a
hazardous atmosphere
oContains a material that has the potential for Contains a material that has the potential for
engulfing an entrant an entrant
oInternal configuration that might cause Internal configuration that might cause
entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated by entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated by
inwardly converging walls or floor that or floor that
slopes downward and tapers to a smaller slopes downward and tapers to a smaller
cross sectioncross section
oContains any other recognized serious Contains any other recognized serious safety
or health hazard
Confined SpaceConfined Space
oContains or has the potential to contain a Contains or has the potential to contain a
hazardous atmosphere
oContains a material that has the potential for Contains a material that has the potential for
engulfing an entrant an entrant
oInternal configuration that might cause Internal configuration that might cause
entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated by entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated by
inwardly converging walls or floor that or floor that
slopes downward and tapers to a smaller slopes downward and tapers to a smaller
cross sectioncross section
oContains any other recognized serious Contains any other recognized serious safety
or health hazard
ECU Confined SpacesECU Confined Spaces
Main Campus
Name Description Location Permit Required Space
Boilers # 1-4 Boiler 14th St. Steam Plant Yes
DA Tank Tank 14th St. Steam Plant Yes
Condensate Tank Tank 14th St. Steam Plant Yes
Steam Tunnel Manhole Main Campus Yes
All Steam Manholes Manhole Main Campus Yes
All Electrical Manholes Manhole Main Campus Yes
All Sanitary Sewer Manholes Manhole Main Campus Yes
All Storm Sewer Manholes Manhole Main Campus Yes
Crawl Spaces Crawl Space Main Campus No
Surge Tank Vault Student Rec Center No
Steam Cloud Vault Joyner Library Plaza No
Main Campus
Name Description Location Permit Required Space
Boilers # 1-4 Boiler 14th St. Steam Plant Yes
DA Tank Tank 14th St. Steam Plant Yes
Condensate Tank Tank 14th St. Steam Plant Yes
Steam Tunnel Manhole Main Campus Yes
All Steam Manholes Manhole Main Campus Yes
All Electrical Manholes Manhole Main Campus Yes
All Sanitary Sewer Manholes Manhole Main Campus Yes
All Storm Sewer Manholes Manhole Main Campus Yes
Crawl Spaces Crawl Space Main Campus No
Surge Tank Vault Student Rec Center No
Steam Cloud Vault Joyner Library Plaza No
ECU Confined SpacesECU Confined Spaces
Health Sciences Campus
Name Description Location Permit Required Space
All Manholes Manhole HSC Yes
All Storm Drain Lines Open Lines HSC No
Backflow Vault - LSA #2 Vault HSC No
Backflow Vault - behind Steam Plant Vault HSC No
Boilers (#1, 2, & 3) Boiler Utility Plant Yes
Incinerator (Upper & Lower Chambers) Chamber Utility Plant Yes
DA Tank Tank Utility Plant Yes
Pipe Chase by HVAC Office VS Utility Plant Yes
High Voltage Under Main Switch Gear VT Utility Plant Yes
Fume Exhaust Plenum Roof VB Brody Yes
8th Floor Mech. Rm P3 Exhaust Plenum VS Brody Yes
Mech Rm 003 1st Floor Pit Biotech No
Mech Rm 155 Tank Tank Warren Life Sciences Yes
Mech Rm 155 Pit Pit Warren Life Sciences No
Courtyard Steam Pit Pit Leo Jenkins Yes
All Manholes and Pits Manhole West Research Yes
Health Sciences Campus
Name Description Location Permit Required Space
All Manholes Manhole HSC Yes
All Storm Drain Lines Open Lines HSC No
Backflow Vault - LSA #2 Vault HSC No
Backflow Vault - behind Steam Plant Vault HSC No
Boilers (#1, 2, & 3) Boiler Utility Plant Yes
Incinerator (Upper & Lower Chambers) Chamber Utility Plant Yes
DA Tank Tank Utility Plant Yes
Pipe Chase by HVAC Office VS Utility Plant Yes
High Voltage Under Main Switch Gear VT Utility Plant Yes
Fume Exhaust Plenum Roof VB Brody Yes
8th Floor Mech. Rm P3 Exhaust Plenum VS Brody Yes
Mech Rm 003 1st Floor Pit Biotech No
Mech Rm 155 Tank Tank Warren Life Sciences Yes
Mech Rm 155 Pit Pit Warren Life Sciences No
Courtyard Steam Pit Pit Leo Jenkins Yes
All Manholes and Pits Manhole West Research Yes
Atmospheric HazardsAtmospheric Hazards
o Oxygen LevelsOxygen Levels - below 19.5 % - below 19.5 %
or above 23.5%or above 23.5%
o Flammable/Explosive Flammable/Explosive – exceeds 10% – exceeds 10%
of Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)of Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
o Toxic SubstancesToxic Substances – exceed – exceed
Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)
o Oxygen LevelsOxygen Levels - below 19.5 % - below 19.5 %
or above 23.5%or above 23.5%
o Flammable/Explosive Flammable/Explosive – exceeds 10% – exceeds 10%
of Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)of Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
o Toxic SubstancesToxic Substances – exceed – exceed
Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)
Oxygen DeficiencyOxygen Deficiency
oNormal air contains 21% Oxygen (ONormal air contains 21% Oxygen (O
22). ).
An OAn O
2 2 level of 19.5% or less is considered level of 19.5% or less is considered
OO
22 deficient. deficient.
oA reduction in OA reduction in O
22 can be caused by can be caused by
rusting, decomposition, or replacement rusting, decomposition, or replacement
by another gas.by another gas.
oLack of OLack of O
22 can cause a person to collapse can cause a person to collapse
and die.and die.
oNormal air contains 21% Oxygen (ONormal air contains 21% Oxygen (O
22). ).
An OAn O
2 2 level of 19.5% or less is considered level of 19.5% or less is considered
OO
22 deficient. deficient.
oA reduction in OA reduction in O
22 can be caused by can be caused by
rusting, decomposition, or replacement rusting, decomposition, or replacement
by another gas.by another gas.
oLack of OLack of O
22 can cause a person to collapse can cause a person to collapse
and die.and die.
Oxygen DeficiencyOxygen Deficiency
Oxygen Content
(% by volume)
Signs and Symptoms
(at Atmospheric Pressure)
19.5%
Minimum permissible levels that work can be performed without
respirators. Below this level, workers shall be required to wear supplied
air respirators.
17% Hypoxia symptoms, accelerated breathing and heart rate appear
14-16%
Accelerated breathing, increased heart rate, poor muscular coordination,
fatigue, impaired perception and judgment.
12% Unconsciousness without warning, poor judgment, blue lips
6-10%
Nausea, vomiting, and unconsciousness; 8 minutes 100% fatal; 6
minutes, 50% fatal; 4-5 minutes, recovery with treatment.
<6% Coma in 40 seconds, spasmatic breathing, convulsions, and death
Oxygen Content
(% by volume)
Signs and Symptoms
(at Atmospheric Pressure)
19.5%
Minimum permissible levels that work can be performed without
respirators. Below this level, workers shall be required to wear supplied
air respirators.
17% Hypoxia symptoms, accelerated breathing and heart rate appear
14-16%
Accelerated breathing, increased heart rate, poor muscular coordination,
fatigue, impaired perception and judgment.
12% Unconsciousness without warning, poor judgment, blue lips
6-10%
Nausea, vomiting, and unconsciousness; 8 minutes 100% fatal; 6
minutes, 50% fatal; 4-5 minutes, recovery with treatment.
<6% Coma in 40 seconds, spasmatic breathing, convulsions, and death
Oxygen EnrichmentOxygen Enrichment
oOO
22 levels above 23.5% are considered levels above 23.5% are considered
“Oxygen Enriched.”“Oxygen Enriched.”
oOxygen Enriched atmospheres create Oxygen Enriched atmospheres create
fire and explosion hazards.fire and explosion hazards.
oCause flammable materials such as Cause flammable materials such as
clothing to burn rapidly when ignited clothing to burn rapidly when ignited
and may cause non-flammable materials and may cause non-flammable materials
to ignite.to ignite.
oOO
22 levels above 23.5% are considered levels above 23.5% are considered
“Oxygen Enriched.”“Oxygen Enriched.”
oOxygen Enriched atmospheres create Oxygen Enriched atmospheres create
fire and explosion hazards.fire and explosion hazards.
oCause flammable materials such as Cause flammable materials such as
clothing to burn rapidly when ignited clothing to burn rapidly when ignited
and may cause non-flammable materials and may cause non-flammable materials
to ignite.to ignite.
Hydrogen Sulfide ExposureHydrogen Sulfide Exposure
ConcentrationEffect
1 ppm Smell of rotten egg
10 ppm 8 hr. TWA
15 ppm 15 min. STEL
100 ppm Lose sense of smell
300 ppm Loss of consciousness (approx. 20 min.)
1000 ppm
Immediate respiratory arrest, loss of consciousness,
followed by death
ConcentrationEffect
1 ppm Smell of rotten egg
10 ppm 8 hr. TWA
15 ppm 15 min. STEL
100 ppm Lose sense of smell
300 ppm Loss of consciousness (approx. 20 min.)
1000 ppm
Immediate respiratory arrest, loss of consciousness,
followed by death
Carbon Monoxide ExposureCarbon Monoxide Exposure
ConcentrationEffect
35 ppm 8 hr. TWA
200 ppm Ceiling, faint signs of discomfort may begin to appear
600 ppm Headache and discomfort after 1 hour
2500 ppm Loss of consciousness after approximately 30 minutes
4000 ppm Quickly fatal
CO Poisoning can be reversed if caught in time.
ConcentrationEffect
35 ppm 8 hr. TWA
200 ppm Ceiling, faint signs of discomfort may begin to appear
600 ppm Headache and discomfort after 1 hour
2500 ppm Loss of consciousness after approximately 30 minutes
4000 ppm Quickly fatal
CO Poisoning can be reversed if caught in time.
Welding in Confined SpacesWelding in Confined Spaces
oContinuous ventilation should Continuous ventilation should
be provided in the confined be provided in the confined
space. Pure oxygen should space. Pure oxygen should
never be used for ventilation.never be used for ventilation.
oConduct continuous Conduct continuous
monitoring throughout the monitoring throughout the
entry to ensure that the area entry to ensure that the area
remains safe for entrants.remains safe for entrants.
oGas cylinders and welding Gas cylinders and welding
power sources should remain power sources should remain
outside the confined space.outside the confined space.
Remember to follow all Confined Space Entry and Welding Safety Guidelines
oContinuous ventilation should Continuous ventilation should
be provided in the confined be provided in the confined
space. Pure oxygen should space. Pure oxygen should
never be used for ventilation.never be used for ventilation.
oConduct continuous Conduct continuous
monitoring throughout the monitoring throughout the
entry to ensure that the area entry to ensure that the area
remains safe for entrants.remains safe for entrants.
oGas cylinders and welding Gas cylinders and welding
power sources should remain power sources should remain
outside the confined space.outside the confined space.
Remember to follow all Confined Space Entry and Welding Safety Guidelines
Physical HazardsPhysical Hazards
oEngulfment Engulfment
oTemperature Extremes Temperature Extremes
oElectrical HazardsElectrical Hazards
oNoiseNoise
oSlippery SurfacesSlippery Surfaces
oEngulfment Engulfment
oTemperature Extremes Temperature Extremes
oElectrical HazardsElectrical Hazards
oNoiseNoise
oSlippery SurfacesSlippery Surfaces
EntryEntry
o"Entry" is when a person "Entry" is when a person
passes through an passes through an
opening into a permit-opening into a permit-
required confined spacerequired confined space
oAny part of the entrant's Any part of the entrant's
body breaks the plane of body breaks the plane of
an opening into the an opening into the
spacespace
o"Entry" is when a person "Entry" is when a person
passes through an passes through an
opening into a permit-opening into a permit-
required confined spacerequired confined space
oAny part of the entrant's Any part of the entrant's
body breaks the plane of body breaks the plane of
an opening into the an opening into the
spacespace
Before EntryBefore Entry
oVentilate, eliminate, or control Ventilate, eliminate, or control
the space’s atmospheric the space’s atmospheric
hazards hazards
oBlind or disconnect and cap all Blind or disconnect and cap all
input lines so that no input lines so that no
hazardous materials can enter hazardous materials can enter
the spacethe space
oLockout/TagoutLockout/Tagout
oWhen entrance covers are When entrance covers are
removed, guard the opening removed, guard the opening
immediatelyimmediately
oVentilate, eliminate, or control Ventilate, eliminate, or control
the space’s atmospheric the space’s atmospheric
hazards hazards
oBlind or disconnect and cap all Blind or disconnect and cap all
input lines so that no input lines so that no
hazardous materials can enter hazardous materials can enter
the spacethe space
oLockout/TagoutLockout/Tagout
oWhen entrance covers are When entrance covers are
removed, guard the opening removed, guard the opening
immediatelyimmediately
Atmospheric MonitoringAtmospheric Monitoring
oTest permit space before Test permit space before
entry entry
oPeriodically monitor permit Periodically monitor permit
space to determine if entry space to determine if entry
conditions are maintainedconditions are maintained
oTest all areas (top, middle, Test all areas (top, middle,
& bottom)& bottom)
oObserve status of existing Observe status of existing
hazards and those created hazards and those created
during entry operationsduring entry operations
oTest permit space before Test permit space before
entry entry
oPeriodically monitor permit Periodically monitor permit
space to determine if entry space to determine if entry
conditions are maintainedconditions are maintained
oTest all areas (top, middle, Test all areas (top, middle,
& bottom)& bottom)
oObserve status of existing Observe status of existing
hazards and those created hazards and those created
during entry operationsduring entry operations
Personal Protective Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)Equipment (PPE)
oFull-body HarnessFull-body Harness
oRespirator (half-mask, PAPR, Air-line Respirator (half-mask, PAPR, Air-line
Respirator, etc.)Respirator, etc.)
oTyvek SuitTyvek Suit
oGloves (Nitrile, Welding, etc.)Gloves (Nitrile, Welding, etc.)
oSafety Glasses/GogglesSafety Glasses/Goggles
Equipment (PPE)Equipment (PPE)
oFull-body HarnessFull-body Harness
oRespirator (half-mask, PAPR, Air-line Respirator (half-mask, PAPR, Air-line
Respirator, etc.)Respirator, etc.)
oTyvek SuitTyvek Suit
oGloves (Nitrile, Welding, etc.)Gloves (Nitrile, Welding, etc.)
oSafety Glasses/GogglesSafety Glasses/Goggles
Equipment RequirementsEquipment Requirements
oTesting and monitoring Testing and monitoring
equipmentequipment
oVentilating equipmentVentilating equipment
oCommunications equipmentCommunications equipment
oLighting equipmentLighting equipment
oBarriersBarriers
oEquipment needed for safe entry Equipment needed for safe entry
and exit and exit
oEmergency equipmentEmergency equipment
oOther equipment for safe entryOther equipment for safe entry
oTesting and monitoring Testing and monitoring
equipmentequipment
oVentilating equipmentVentilating equipment
oCommunications equipmentCommunications equipment
oLighting equipmentLighting equipment
oBarriersBarriers
oEquipment needed for safe entry Equipment needed for safe entry
and exit and exit
oEmergency equipmentEmergency equipment
oOther equipment for safe entryOther equipment for safe entry
The Entry PermitThe Entry Permit
oPermit must be completed Permit must be completed
before entry is authorizedbefore entry is authorized
oEntry supervisor must sign Entry supervisor must sign
the permitthe permit
oPermit must be made Permit must be made
available at the time of entry available at the time of entry
so entrants can confirm that so entrants can confirm that
pre-entry preparations have pre-entry preparations have
been completedbeen completed
oPermit must be completed Permit must be completed
before entry is authorizedbefore entry is authorized
oEntry supervisor must sign Entry supervisor must sign
the permitthe permit
oPermit must be made Permit must be made
available at the time of entry available at the time of entry
so entrants can confirm that so entrants can confirm that
pre-entry preparations have pre-entry preparations have
been completedbeen completed
The Entry PermitThe Entry Permit
oDuration may not exceed the time Duration may not exceed the time
identified on the permit identified on the permit
oRetain each canceled entry permit for Retain each canceled entry permit for
at least 1 year to facilitate review of the at least 1 year to facilitate review of the
programprogram
oProblems encountered during entry Problems encountered during entry
shall be noted on the permit so that shall be noted on the permit so that
appropriate revisions can be made to appropriate revisions can be made to
the programthe program
oDuration may not exceed the time Duration may not exceed the time
identified on the permit identified on the permit
oRetain each canceled entry permit for Retain each canceled entry permit for
at least 1 year to facilitate review of the at least 1 year to facilitate review of the
programprogram
oProblems encountered during entry Problems encountered during entry
shall be noted on the permit so that shall be noted on the permit so that
appropriate revisions can be made to appropriate revisions can be made to
the programthe program
Contents of The Entry PermitContents of The Entry Permit
1. Permit space to be entered1. Permit space to be entered
2. Purpose of the entry2. Purpose of the entry
3. Date and the authorized duration of 3. Date and the authorized duration of
the entry permitthe entry permit
4. Authorized entrants4. Authorized entrants
5. Attendants5. Attendants
6. Entry supervisor with a space for the 6. Entry supervisor with a space for the
signaturesignature
1. Permit space to be entered1. Permit space to be entered
2. Purpose of the entry2. Purpose of the entry
3. Date and the authorized duration of 3. Date and the authorized duration of
the entry permitthe entry permit
4. Authorized entrants4. Authorized entrants
5. Attendants5. Attendants
6. Entry supervisor with a space for the 6. Entry supervisor with a space for the
signaturesignature
Contents of The Entry PermitContents of The Entry Permit
7. Hazards of the permit space7. Hazards of the permit space
8. Measures used to isolate the permit 8. Measures used to isolate the permit
space and to eliminate or control permit space and to eliminate or control permit
space hazards before entryspace hazards before entry
9. Acceptable entry conditions9. Acceptable entry conditions
10. Results of initial and periodic tests, 10. Results of initial and periodic tests,
names or initials of the testers and names or initials of the testers and
when the tests were performedwhen the tests were performed
7. Hazards of the permit space7. Hazards of the permit space
8. Measures used to isolate the permit 8. Measures used to isolate the permit
space and to eliminate or control permit space and to eliminate or control permit
space hazards before entryspace hazards before entry
9. Acceptable entry conditions9. Acceptable entry conditions
10. Results of initial and periodic tests, 10. Results of initial and periodic tests,
names or initials of the testers and names or initials of the testers and
when the tests were performedwhen the tests were performed
Contents of The Entry PermitContents of The Entry Permit
11. Rescue and emergency services11. Rescue and emergency services
12. Communication procedures12. Communication procedures
13. Equipment (personal protective 13. Equipment (personal protective
equipment, testing equipment, equipment, testing equipment,
communications equipment, alarm communications equipment, alarm
systems, rescue equipment, etc.)systems, rescue equipment, etc.)
14. Any other information necessary in 14. Any other information necessary in
order to ensure employee safetyorder to ensure employee safety
11. Rescue and emergency services11. Rescue and emergency services
12. Communication procedures12. Communication procedures
13. Equipment (personal protective 13. Equipment (personal protective
equipment, testing equipment, equipment, testing equipment,
communications equipment, alarm communications equipment, alarm
systems, rescue equipment, etc.)systems, rescue equipment, etc.)
14. Any other information necessary in 14. Any other information necessary in
order to ensure employee safetyorder to ensure employee safety
Duties of Authorized Duties of Authorized
EntrantsEntrants
oUnderstand all potential hazardsUnderstand all potential hazards
oKnow what equipment to use & how to Know what equipment to use & how to
use it properlyuse it properly
oCommunicate with attendant regularlyCommunicate with attendant regularly
oIf the unexpected occurs – alert the If the unexpected occurs – alert the
attendantattendant
EntrantsEntrants
oUnderstand all potential hazardsUnderstand all potential hazards
oKnow what equipment to use & how to Know what equipment to use & how to
use it properlyuse it properly
oCommunicate with attendant regularlyCommunicate with attendant regularly
oIf the unexpected occurs – alert the If the unexpected occurs – alert the
attendantattendant
Duties of Authorized EntrantsDuties of Authorized Entrants
EVACUATE the confined space when:
oOrder to evacuate is given by the Order to evacuate is given by the
attendant or the entry supervisorattendant or the entry supervisor
oEntrant recognizes any warning sign or Entrant recognizes any warning sign or
symptom of exposure to a dangerous symptom of exposure to a dangerous
situationsituation
oEvacuation alarm is activatedEvacuation alarm is activated
EVACUATE the confined space when:
oOrder to evacuate is given by the Order to evacuate is given by the
attendant or the entry supervisorattendant or the entry supervisor
oEntrant recognizes any warning sign or Entrant recognizes any warning sign or
symptom of exposure to a dangerous symptom of exposure to a dangerous
situationsituation
oEvacuation alarm is activatedEvacuation alarm is activated
Duties of AttendantsDuties of Attendants
o""AttendantAttendant" - stationed " - stationed
outside permit space; outside permit space;
monitors entrantsmonitors entrants
oKnow the hazards Know the hazards
including signs, symptoms including signs, symptoms
and consequences of and consequences of
exposureexposure
oContinuously maintains Continuously maintains
accurate count of entrants accurate count of entrants
in permit spacein permit space
oRemains outside the permit Remains outside the permit
space during entry until space during entry until
relieved by another relieved by another
attendantattendant
o""AttendantAttendant" - stationed " - stationed
outside permit space; outside permit space;
monitors entrantsmonitors entrants
oKnow the hazards Know the hazards
including signs, symptoms including signs, symptoms
and consequences of and consequences of
exposureexposure
oContinuously maintains Continuously maintains
accurate count of entrants accurate count of entrants
in permit spacein permit space
oRemains outside the permit Remains outside the permit
space during entry until space during entry until
relieved by another relieved by another
attendantattendant
Duties of AttendantsDuties of Attendants
oCommunicate with entrants to monitor Communicate with entrants to monitor
entrant status and to alert entrants if the need entrant status and to alert entrants if the need
to evacuate arisesto evacuate arises
oMonitor activities inside & outside the space Monitor activities inside & outside the space
and keep unauthorized individuals away.and keep unauthorized individuals away.
oSummon Emergency ServicesSummon Emergency Services
oPerform non-entry rescues when Perform non-entry rescues when
applicable and they have trainingapplicable and they have training
oPerform no duties that might interfere Perform no duties that might interfere
with primary duty to monitor and protect with primary duty to monitor and protect
entrantsentrants
oCommunicate with entrants to monitor Communicate with entrants to monitor
entrant status and to alert entrants if the need entrant status and to alert entrants if the need
to evacuate arisesto evacuate arises
oMonitor activities inside & outside the space Monitor activities inside & outside the space
and keep unauthorized individuals away.and keep unauthorized individuals away.
oSummon Emergency ServicesSummon Emergency Services
oPerform non-entry rescues when Perform non-entry rescues when
applicable and they have trainingapplicable and they have training
oPerform no duties that might interfere Perform no duties that might interfere
with primary duty to monitor and protect with primary duty to monitor and protect
entrantsentrants
Duties of Entry SupervisorDuties of Entry Supervisor
o""Entry supervisorEntry supervisor" - person responsible for " - person responsible for
determining if acceptable entry conditions determining if acceptable entry conditions
are present, for authorizing entry, overseeing are present, for authorizing entry, overseeing
entry operations, and for terminating entry entry operations, and for terminating entry
as requiredas required
oAn entry supervisor also may serve as an An entry supervisor also may serve as an
attendant or as an entrant, as long as that attendant or as an entrant, as long as that
person is trained and equipped to do soperson is trained and equipped to do so
oKnow the hazards including signs, Know the hazards including signs,
symptoms, and consequences of exposuresymptoms, and consequences of exposure
o""Entry supervisorEntry supervisor" - person responsible for " - person responsible for
determining if acceptable entry conditions determining if acceptable entry conditions
are present, for authorizing entry, overseeing are present, for authorizing entry, overseeing
entry operations, and for terminating entry entry operations, and for terminating entry
as requiredas required
oAn entry supervisor also may serve as an An entry supervisor also may serve as an
attendant or as an entrant, as long as that attendant or as an entrant, as long as that
person is trained and equipped to do soperson is trained and equipped to do so
oKnow the hazards including signs, Know the hazards including signs,
symptoms, and consequences of exposuresymptoms, and consequences of exposure
Duties of Entry SupervisorDuties of Entry Supervisor
oVerify that the entry permit is Verify that the entry permit is
complete, all tests have been complete, all tests have been
conducted and all procedures and conducted and all procedures and
equipment are in place before equipment are in place before
allowing entry to beginallowing entry to begin
oVerify that rescue services are Verify that rescue services are
available and that the means for available and that the means for
summoning them are operablesummoning them are operable
oRemove unauthorized individuals who Remove unauthorized individuals who
enter or attempt to enter the spaceenter or attempt to enter the space
oVerify that the entry permit is Verify that the entry permit is
complete, all tests have been complete, all tests have been
conducted and all procedures and conducted and all procedures and
equipment are in place before equipment are in place before
allowing entry to beginallowing entry to begin
oVerify that rescue services are Verify that rescue services are
available and that the means for available and that the means for
summoning them are operablesummoning them are operable
oRemove unauthorized individuals who Remove unauthorized individuals who
enter or attempt to enter the spaceenter or attempt to enter the space
Rescue and Emergency Rescue and Emergency
ServicesServices
oSelf-RescueSelf-Rescue
oNon-entry RescueNon-entry Rescue
oGreenville Fire/Rescue – Call 911Greenville Fire/Rescue – Call 911
oECU shall inform GFR of the hazards they ECU shall inform GFR of the hazards they
may encounter on sitemay encounter on site
oProvide the rescue provider with access Provide the rescue provider with access
to all permit spaces so they can develop to all permit spaces so they can develop
rescue plans and practice rescue rescue plans and practice rescue
operationsoperations
ServicesServices
oSelf-RescueSelf-Rescue
oNon-entry RescueNon-entry Rescue
oGreenville Fire/Rescue – Call 911Greenville Fire/Rescue – Call 911
oECU shall inform GFR of the hazards they ECU shall inform GFR of the hazards they
may encounter on sitemay encounter on site
oProvide the rescue provider with access Provide the rescue provider with access
to all permit spaces so they can develop to all permit spaces so they can develop
rescue plans and practice rescue rescue plans and practice rescue
operationsoperations
Rescue EquipmentRescue Equipment
oEach entrant shall use a full body Each entrant shall use a full body
harness (and a retrieval line if harness (and a retrieval line if
feasible)feasible)
oA mechanical retrieval device (Tripod) shall A mechanical retrieval device (Tripod) shall
be available for vertical type permit spaces be available for vertical type permit spaces
more than 5 feet deepmore than 5 feet deep
oRetrieval systems shall be used unless they Retrieval systems shall be used unless they
increase the overall risk of entry or would increase the overall risk of entry or would
not contribute to the rescuenot contribute to the rescue
oEach entrant shall use a full body Each entrant shall use a full body
harness (and a retrieval line if harness (and a retrieval line if
feasible)feasible)
oA mechanical retrieval device (Tripod) shall A mechanical retrieval device (Tripod) shall
be available for vertical type permit spaces be available for vertical type permit spaces
more than 5 feet deepmore than 5 feet deep
oRetrieval systems shall be used unless they Retrieval systems shall be used unless they
increase the overall risk of entry or would increase the overall risk of entry or would
not contribute to the rescuenot contribute to the rescue
Program ReviewProgram Review
oReview entry operations when there is Review entry operations when there is
reason to believe that measures taken may reason to believe that measures taken may
not protect employees and revise the not protect employees and revise the
program before subsequent entriesprogram before subsequent entries
oReview the permit space program annually Review the permit space program annually
and revise the program as necessary to and revise the program as necessary to
ensure that employees participating in entry ensure that employees participating in entry
operations are protectedoperations are protected
oIf you have any questions, concerns, or If you have any questions, concerns, or
recommendations let your supervisor and/or recommendations let your supervisor and/or
EH&S know.EH&S know.
oReview entry operations when there is Review entry operations when there is
reason to believe that measures taken may reason to believe that measures taken may
not protect employees and revise the not protect employees and revise the
program before subsequent entriesprogram before subsequent entries
oReview the permit space program annually Review the permit space program annually
and revise the program as necessary to and revise the program as necessary to
ensure that employees participating in entry ensure that employees participating in entry
operations are protectedoperations are protected
oIf you have any questions, concerns, or If you have any questions, concerns, or
recommendations let your supervisor and/or recommendations let your supervisor and/or
EH&S know.EH&S know.
ECU Shall…ECU Shall…
oInform contractor that workplace contains Inform contractor that workplace contains
permit spaces and entry is allowed only in permit spaces and entry is allowed only in
compliance with permit space programcompliance with permit space program
oInform contractor of the hazards that make Inform contractor of the hazards that make
the space a permit spacethe space a permit space
oInform contractor of precautions for the Inform contractor of precautions for the
protection of employees in or near permit protection of employees in or near permit
spaces where they will be workingspaces where they will be working
oCoordinate entry operations with the Coordinate entry operations with the
contractor, when both University personnel contractor, when both University personnel
and contractor personnel will be working in or and contractor personnel will be working in or
near permit spaces. near permit spaces.
oInform contractor that workplace contains Inform contractor that workplace contains
permit spaces and entry is allowed only in permit spaces and entry is allowed only in
compliance with permit space programcompliance with permit space program
oInform contractor of the hazards that make Inform contractor of the hazards that make
the space a permit spacethe space a permit space
oInform contractor of precautions for the Inform contractor of precautions for the
protection of employees in or near permit protection of employees in or near permit
spaces where they will be workingspaces where they will be working
oCoordinate entry operations with the Coordinate entry operations with the
contractor, when both University personnel contractor, when both University personnel
and contractor personnel will be working in or and contractor personnel will be working in or
near permit spaces. near permit spaces.
Contractors Shall…Contractors Shall…
oAll contractors performing work in Confined All contractors performing work in Confined
Spaces on ECU Campus Spaces on ECU Campus mustmust have a Confined have a Confined
Space Program.Space Program.
oContractors Contractors must must have their own equipment have their own equipment
including monitoring device and rescue including monitoring device and rescue
equipment.equipment.
oCoordinate with employer when both host Coordinate with employer when both host
personnel and contractor personnel will be personnel and contractor personnel will be
working in or near spacesworking in or near spaces
oDebrief employer at the conclusion of entryDebrief employer at the conclusion of entry
oContractor shall inform the employer of the of Contractor shall inform the employer of the of
any hazards confronted or createdany hazards confronted or created
oAll contractors performing work in Confined All contractors performing work in Confined
Spaces on ECU Campus Spaces on ECU Campus mustmust have a Confined have a Confined
Space Program.Space Program.
oContractors Contractors must must have their own equipment have their own equipment
including monitoring device and rescue including monitoring device and rescue
equipment.equipment.
oCoordinate with employer when both host Coordinate with employer when both host
personnel and contractor personnel will be personnel and contractor personnel will be
working in or near spacesworking in or near spaces
oDebrief employer at the conclusion of entryDebrief employer at the conclusion of entry
oContractor shall inform the employer of the of Contractor shall inform the employer of the of
any hazards confronted or createdany hazards confronted or created
QuizQuiz
1. Which of the following is not a Confined Space?1. Which of the following is not a Confined Space?
A. BoilerA. Boiler
B. ManholeB. Manhole
C. TankC. Tank
D. Small Mechanical Room D. Small Mechanical Room
2. The leading cause of death in confined spaces accidents is2. The leading cause of death in confined spaces accidents is
A. AsphyxiationA. Asphyxiation
B. BurnsB. Burns
C. ElectrocutionC. Electrocution
D. FallsD. Falls
3. The higher the O3. The higher the O
22 level inside the space the better. level inside the space the better.
(True/False)(True/False)
A. BoilerA. Boiler
B. ManholeB. Manhole
C. TankC. Tank
D. Small Mechanical Room D. Small Mechanical Room
2. The leading cause of death in confined spaces accidents is2. The leading cause of death in confined spaces accidents is
A. AsphyxiationA. Asphyxiation
B. BurnsB. Burns
C. ElectrocutionC. Electrocution
D. FallsD. Falls
3. The higher the O3. The higher the O
22 level inside the space the better. level inside the space the better.
(True/False)(True/False)
4. If you need to enter a space briefly “just to take a quick look,” you 4. If you need to enter a space briefly “just to take a quick look,” you
do not need a permit. (True/False)do not need a permit. (True/False)
5. 5. One of the characteristics of a confined space is that it is not
designed for people to work in continuously. (True/False)
6. It is OK for the Attendant to go to the shop for supplies/parts as 6. It is OK for the Attendant to go to the shop for supplies/parts as
long as the monitoring results are within acceptable limits. long as the monitoring results are within acceptable limits.
(True/False)(True/False)
7. If you get a permit for a particular confined space for one day, but
don’t use it; you can save it for the next time you need to enter that
space. (True/False)
do not need a permit. (True/False)do not need a permit. (True/False)
5. 5. One of the characteristics of a confined space is that it is not
designed for people to work in continuously. (True/False)
6. It is OK for the Attendant to go to the shop for supplies/parts as 6. It is OK for the Attendant to go to the shop for supplies/parts as
long as the monitoring results are within acceptable limits. long as the monitoring results are within acceptable limits.
(True/False)(True/False)
7. If you get a permit for a particular confined space for one day, but
don’t use it; you can save it for the next time you need to enter that
space. (True/False)
8. Atmospheric testing of the confined space must be done at
the______.
A. Top
B. Middle
C. Bottom
D. All of the above.
9. When welding in a confined space…
A. EH&S must be notified when permit is requested
B. Pure O
2 should be used to ventilate the space
C. All Welding Safety as well as Confined Space Guidelines
should be followed
D. A & C only
E. All of the above
the______.
A. Top
B. Middle
C. Bottom
D. All of the above.
9. When welding in a confined space…
A. EH&S must be notified when permit is requested
B. Pure O
2 should be used to ventilate the space
C. All Welding Safety as well as Confined Space Guidelines
should be followed
D. A & C only
E. All of the above
10. When a contractor is working in a confined space on campus…
A. The contractor must have their own CS Program
B. The contractor should be prevented from entering the space
if they do not have all the necessary equipment
C. If a contractor is entering the space with ECU employees; it is
OK for the ECU employee to monitor for all entrants
D. A & B Only
E. All of the above
A. The contractor must have their own CS Program
B. The contractor should be prevented from entering the space
if they do not have all the necessary equipment
C. If a contractor is entering the space with ECU employees; it is
OK for the ECU employee to monitor for all entrants
D. A & B Only
E. All of the above
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