Conformity and deviance

Becoming a member of society

1. Conformity and Deviance

2. Conformity behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions or standards The anticipated behavior to follow.  is the desire to go along with the norms of a group of people, so you will be accepted as an in-group person (and not rejected as an out-group undesirable person).

3. Deviance departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behavior . A behavior that violates expected rules and norms

4. Variety of Deviance “What is deviant to one group may not be considered deviant to another.”

5. The study of why people violates laws or norms The study of how society reacts to this violations

6. Cesare Lombroso was an Italian criminologist and physician, founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology, often referred to as the father of criminology

7. Theory of anthropological criminology essentially stated that criminality was inherited, and that someone "born criminal" could be identified by physical (congenital) defects, which confirmed a criminal as savage or atavistic.

8. criminals had : less sensibility to pain and touch; more acute sight; a lack of moral sense, including an absence of remorse; more vanity, impulsiveness, vindictiveness, and cruelty; and other manifestations, such as a special criminal argot and the excessive use of tattooing.

9. Deviance and the Social Paradigms Basic Assumptions Basis of Interpretation Structural Functionalism Deviance promotes unity, serves as a moral compass, and provides opportunities where there are none. Deviance performs important functions in the overall operations of society

10. Paradigms Basic Assumptions Basis of Interpretation Historical Conflict Deviance is a result of unequal distribution of social desirables and life chances. Is a form of civic action. It aims to rectify the unfair and unjust syndromes of social inequality.

11. Paradigms Basic Assumptions Basis of Interpretation Critical Interpretivism Is a result of the exercise of power. Symbols and ideas are manipulated by powerful people in the society in order to protect their economic and political interest We are helping these entities maintain their privileged positions in society

12. Theoretical Interpretations of Deviance

13. Structural Strain Theory Offered a “side-by-side” formulation of conformity and deviance. He developed the structural strain theory Robert Merton

14. Strain refers to the discrepancies between culturally defined goals and the institutionalized means available to achieve these goals.

15. This theory traces the origins of deviance to the tensions that are caused by the gap between cultural goals and the means people have available to achieve those goals

16. Culture- establishes goals for people Social structure-provides (or fails to provide) the means for the people to achieve those goals.

17. Five General Categories

18. CONFORMISTS a person who conforms to accepted behavior or established practices.

19. RITUALIST A person who do not believe in the established cultural goals of society, but they do believe in and abide by the means for attaining those goals.

20. INNOVATORS Are those individuals that accept the cultural goals of society but reject the conventional methods of attaining those goals

21. RETREATISTS Who reject both the cultural goals and the accepted means of attaining those goals

22. REBELS They are not only reject both the established cultural goals and the accepted means of attaining those goals They substitute new goals and new means of attaining these goals

23. Labeling Theory

24. explains why people's behavior clashes with social norms. holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms.

25. Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead the result of the externally-imposed label of "deviant". Labeling theory  takes the view that people become criminals when labeled as such and when they accept the label as a personal identity.

26. Social Control Theory

27. - developed by Travis Hirschi -according to this theory, people care about what others think of them and conform to social expectations because their attachments to others and what others expect of them

28. -this theory also suggests that most people probably feel some impulse towards deviant behavior at some time, but their attachment to social norms prevents them from actually participating in deviant behavior .

29. Social Control and Deviance

30. “effective socialization makes conformity an internally driven motivation, while externally driven conformity always engages the mechanisms of social control”

31. Refers to the idea that a person has the innate right to be valued, respected, and treated well.

32. Are legal, social, and ethical principles that consider the human person as deserving of liberties and protection by virtue of his or her human being

33. Are founded on natural rights, which are universal and inalienable, and are not contingent on laws, customs, beliefs, or values of a particular culture.

34. Socialization primarily aims to instil recognition of and respect for human rights and dignity.

35. The pursuance of the common good should not be a cause for the violation of rights of individual…