conjunctions and types of TYPES OF SENTENCES.pdf

Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh Chuyên Ngành Kiến Trúc

1. CONJUNCTIONS

2. CLAUSE (mệnh đề) = (Subject + predicate)
CLAUSE = PHẢN ÁNH 1 SỰ TÌNH TRỌN
VẸN
CONJUNCTION (CHỈ QUAN HỆ GIỮA CÁC
SỰ TÌNH)

3. Sometimes the architect and designer are one and the
same, or an architect and an interior designer may
collaborate on a project to create a single unified
whole.

CLAUSE (mệnh đề) = (Subject + predicate)
CLAUSE = PHẢN ÁNH 1 SỰ TÌNH TRỌN VẸN
CONJUNCTION (CHỈ QUAN HỆ GIỮA CÁC SỰ
TÌNH)

4. Finite verbs => time, voice

-Modals (must, may, can, shall, will, might,
could,..)
-Am/ is/ are/ was/ were (be)
-Do, does, did (do)
-Have/ has/ had (have)
-V(s)/ V(es)
-V(ed)/ V2

5. CONJUNCTIONS



Conjunctions

co-ordinating sub-ordinating
(ĐỒNG ĐẲNG) (PHỤ THUỘC)

6. Coordinating conjunctions
F : For
A: And
N: Nor
F A N B O Y S B: But
O: Or
Y: Yet
S: So

7. We listened to her eagerly, for she brought
some news of our family.
Miss another class, and you will fail.
She doesn’t like them, and nor does Jeff.
I’m sorry, but I can’t stay any longer.
He must like her, or he couldn’t keep calling her.
It’s a small car, yet it’s surprisingly spacious.
It was still painful, so I went to see a doctor.

8. The German parliament building has a ramp within it, so one
can look down from above into the debating chamber, to watch
the activity of parliament.

Climate is a key contributing factor to the specific nature of
site, and climatic variations influence many factors associated
with architecture.

Construction techniques and systems are many and varied, but
each is informed by the materials that are used.

9. Subordinating conjunctions
that (rằng)

if / whether (liệu...hay không)
Embedded clauses
(in noun clauses) Wh – words (what, who,
when, where, why, how,...)

10. 1.The students didn’t know that there were so many
landscape features in the region.
2.I don’t know that winds in this region is strong.
3.They had to survey to find out if the project would
have a negative impact on the environment.
4.The owner wanted to know how such elements as
sunshine and wind and trees could get into the
house.
5.How this journey then continues through the
building, the connections between the outside and
the inside and through and between the different
interior levels, will further enhance the experience.

11. Subordinating conjunctions

relative pronouns:
who, whom, which, Embedded clauses that
(mà)
(in adjective/ relative clauses)
relative adverbs:
where

12. •Steel is one of the two materials that are used most
widely nowadays.
•This is the place where you can find bedrock.

•Richard Rogers’ Lloyds Building in London used
prefabricated toilet units which were hoisted into
place and bolted onto the structure.

13. 1.That museum, whose façade is covered in living
plants, is a model of sustainable design.
2.We studied a temple whose columns reflect
classical Greek influence.
3.The style that emerged during the 20th century
emphasized function over form.
4.The Louvre, which is located in Paris, is one of
the most visited museums in the world.
5. Zaha Hadid, who was known for her futuristic
designs, transformed contemporary architecture.

14. 3. They built a research center where
climate-responsive design is being tested.
4. This is the courtyard where natural light plays
a central role in the experience

15. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
(ADVERBIAL CLAUSES – WHEN, WHERE, WHY, HOW)
•of time: when, while, after, before, until, as soon
as, once

After the worker mixed the ingredients, he poured
the mixture into a mould.

•of place: where/ anywhere / wherever/
everywhere
- High-rise buildings are often built where the land
is costly.

16. •of manner as(như), as if, as though (NHƯ THỂ)

It looks as if / as though the city has not made the
full use of the waterway system.

•of reason/cause because, as, since

Because the ground water has been contaminated
with mercury, it must be treated carefully.

17. •of result so + adjective/ adverb + that
such + a(n) +noun + that

The subsoil is so weak that high-rises can’t be built
on it.
•of purpose so that / in order that (để)

Commercial buildings are laid out carefully so that
they can draw customers.

18. •of concession (nghịch nhân quả)
though/ although/ even though

The material is used widely although it is expensive.

•of condition if / unless/ provided (that)/ as long as

If the completed project seems to blend with the
landscape, it is the happy result of an inspired design.

19. TYPES OF SENTENCES
1) Simple sentences
ex: - The most obvious balanced relationships
are symmetrical.
- Another concept borrowed from music,
rhythm, relates visual elements together in a
regular pattern.

20. 2) Compound sentences (câu ghép)
COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS: F A N B O Y S
S + V, S+V,…, CONJUNCTIONS S+V.
Ex:
Load-bearing structures have been around for a
long time, but framed structures are more
common nowadays.

21. 3. Complex sentences (câu phức)

Subordinating conjunctions S+V, …, S+V
S+V subordinating conjunction S + V
Ex:
Although the soil is weak, buildings are built on it.
Buildings are built on the soil although it is weak.