Constipation Definition and causes

What is Constipation?
Patient Counseling
Pharmaceutical overview
Complications

1. Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University (Egypt) Constipation i n brief

2. Q uestion №. 1 I am 30 years old and my stool Frequency decreased from three times per day to once every two days : Am I constipated? What are the major symptoms of constipation? Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

3. W hat is Constipation? Decrease in the frequency in of fecal elimination. Passage of hard, dry, sometimes painful stool. From 3 times daily to 3 times per week . N ormal Range * So the patient is not constipated Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

4. P atient C ounseling Life Style causes of constipation: Diet: Inadequate fluid intake Should drink at least 8 glasses of non-caffeinated fluids daily. Etiology Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

5. P atient C ounseling Inadequate dietary fibers Diets include a good quantity of fibers are less likely to suffer from constipation. Fiber retains water, softening stool & ease evacuation. Foods low in fiber  high fat food. Foods rich in fiber  fruits, veg. and whole grain. N ormal daily fiber intake 10 ̴ 25 g. ■ Etiology Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

6. P atient C ounseling Inadequate exercises Walking help prevent constipation by promoting bowel motility. Loss of defecatory reflex If you ignore the urge to have a bowel movement. The urge can gradually go away. The longer can you delay it, the drier and harder stool will become. Etiology Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

7. Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

8. Q uestion №. 2 My grandmother usually feels discomfort from chronic constipation: What are reasons for this problem? What are your advice? Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

9. Epidemiology Constipation is common in elderly people ( > 65 y.) Laxative abuse  gut motility Medication use Poor nutrition Females are three times more likely to suffer from constipation than males Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

10. Y our advice Laxative abuse: Lead to cathartic colon (loss of tone of intestinal muscles) cause poor bowel function . Increase intake fluids & fibers. Increase exercise (  bowel tone). Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

11. Q uestion №. 3 My wife is pregnant she is worried about constipation, I would like to know: What is the factors that predispose pregnant to constipation? Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

12. F actors which constipate pregnant Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

13. Q uestion №. 4 Is there a relationship between anal disorders as abscesses and constipation ? Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

14. A bscess It is a collection of pus ( dead neutrophils ) that has accumulated in a cavity formed by the tissue. Usually caused by bacteria or parasites infection. Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

15. P erianal abscesses Found in patients with inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn's disease ) or diabetes. Relationship Found Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

16. Q uestion №. 5 I heard that there is a medical condition called “ Colonic inertia ”: What is it? How diet can affect colonic motility? Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

17. Colonic Inertia Prolonged colon transit time The average time of passage through the GIT is 4 days. Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

18. D iet & C olonic motility Motility may be stimulated by boosting carbohydrates intake while limiting protein. Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

19. Q uestion №. 6 Is it true that some health problems may lead to constipation? Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

20. P ain During defecation  avoidance  constipation. Causes Passage of hard stool. Anal fissures and abscess. Hemorrhoids. Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

21. H ealth problems may lead to constipation Carcinoma Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) common cause in younger people Diabetes 60% of diabetics patient Renal failure due to electrolyte & fluid disturbance Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

22. Parkinsonism up normal gut motility & rigid muscles Colonic inertia Pregnancy H ealth problems may lead to constipation Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

23. I ron vs. C onstipation Iron slow down the digestive system & slowing of normal bowel movement. This may be because iron is a metal in its basic form. Metals carry a charge that can affecting muscles and nerves in the bowel Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

24. Drugs cause constipation Narcotic analgesics Diuretics Anticonvulsants Sympathomimetic or anticholinergic Antihistaminic Antacids (containing Ca 2+ ,Al 3+ ) Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

25. Purgaton ® tablet Contain senna glycosides ( anthraquinone ) With extended use cause lazy bowel syndrome (atonic colon) So bowel unable to move without chemical stimulation.■ Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt )

26. Faculty of Pharmacy - Alexandria University ( Egypt ) By H ossam Ashour