Construction Occupational Safety and Health
madulatherese2022
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Sep 30, 2024
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About This Presentation
COSH Topics
Slide Content
INTRODUCTION TO
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH (OSH)
ELECTIVE (COSH)
BSCE_3FGROUP 1
Global and National Situation in OSH
OSH Foundations and its Benefits
International OSH Standards by The International
Labor Organization
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH (OSH)
ELECTIVE (COSH)
BSCE_3FGROUP 1
Global and National Situation in OSH
OSH Foundations and its Benefits
International OSH Standards by The International
Labor Organization
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S A F E T Y
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S A F E T Y
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H E A L T H
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H E A L T H
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H A Z A R D
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H A Z A R D
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A C C I D E N T S
(ICEBREAKER)
A C C I D E N T S
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S T A N D A R D S
(ICEBREAKER)
S T A N D A R D S
GLOBAL AND NATIONAL
SITUATION IN OSH
ELECTIVE (COSH)
TOPIC 1:
GROUP 1 BSCE_3F
SITUATION IN OSH
ELECTIVE (COSH)
TOPIC 1:
GROUP 1 BSCE_3F
Occupational Safety
and Health (OSH)
According to the International Labour
Organization (ILO) OSH can be defined as the
discipline dealing with the prevention of work-
related injuries and diseases as well as the
protection and promotion of the health of
workers. It aims at the improvement of working
conditions and environment.
and Health (OSH)
According to the International Labour
Organization (ILO) OSH can be defined as the
discipline dealing with the prevention of work-
related injuries and diseases as well as the
protection and promotion of the health of
workers. It aims at the improvement of working
conditions and environment.
GLOBAL OSH
Situation
● The International Labour Organization
(ILO) Safework Introductory Report in 2008
showed that close to 50% of work-related
deaths occur in Asia.
● Developing countries experience higher
fatality rates compared to industrialized
nations, with 170,000 agricultural workers
and 320,000 people dying annually from
biological risks.
Situation
● The International Labour Organization
(ILO) Safework Introductory Report in 2008
showed that close to 50% of work-related
deaths occur in Asia.
● Developing countries experience higher
fatality rates compared to industrialized
nations, with 170,000 agricultural workers
and 320,000 people dying annually from
biological risks.
GLOBAL OSH
Figures
The latest ILO figures reveal that,
● "Every 15 seconds, 160 workers have a work-related
accident. Every 15 seconds, a worker dies from a work-
related accident or disease."
● It is estimated that poor workplace safety practices
cost 4% of the global Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
each year, approximately cost the global economy
$2.99 trillion per year.
Source: ILO Safety and Health at Work - 2011
Figures
The latest ILO figures reveal that,
● "Every 15 seconds, 160 workers have a work-related
accident. Every 15 seconds, a worker dies from a work-
related accident or disease."
● It is estimated that poor workplace safety practices
cost 4% of the global Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
each year, approximately cost the global economy
$2.99 trillion per year.
Source: ILO Safety and Health at Work - 2011
National Situation in
OSH (Philippines)
Around 93.9% of the 30,682 total
establishments had implemented
various OSH policies in 2015.
The OSHS sets out the minimum
requirements for occupational safety
and health in workplaces across
various industries.
OSH (Philippines)
Around 93.9% of the 30,682 total
establishments had implemented
various OSH policies in 2015.
The OSHS sets out the minimum
requirements for occupational safety
and health in workplaces across
various industries.
National Situation in
OSH (Philippines)
DOLE, through its Bureau of Working
Conditions (BWC), oversees the
implementation and enforcement of
OSH standards.
Workers in the Philippines have the
right to a safe and healthy work
environment. (RA No.11058)
Industry-Specific Guidlines
Training and Awareness
OSH (Philippines)
DOLE, through its Bureau of Working
Conditions (BWC), oversees the
implementation and enforcement of
OSH standards.
Workers in the Philippines have the
right to a safe and healthy work
environment. (RA No.11058)
Industry-Specific Guidlines
Training and Awareness
OSH FOUNDATIONS
AND ITS BENEFITS
ELECTIVE (COSH)
TOPIC 2:
GROUP 1 BSCE_3F
AND ITS BENEFITS
ELECTIVE (COSH)
TOPIC 2:
GROUP 1 BSCE_3F
3 Major Fields:3 Major Fields:
Occupational Safety
Occupational Health
Industrial Hygiene
Occupational Safety
Occupational Health
Industrial Hygiene
Occupational Safety
Good Housekeeping
Proper Materials Handling and Storage
Machine Safety
Electrical Safety
Fire Prevention and Control
Safety Inspection
Accident Investigation
Good Housekeeping
Proper Materials Handling and Storage
Machine Safety
Electrical Safety
Fire Prevention and Control
Safety Inspection
Accident Investigation
Occupational Health
Proper Ventilation
Stress Management Programs
Health Screenings
Providing Chairs and Desks
Proper Ventilation
Stress Management Programs
Health Screenings
Providing Chairs and Desks
Industrial Hygiene
Physical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Biological Hazards
Physical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Biological Hazards
MAIN PROBLEMS OF OSH IN THE PHILIPPINES
There is weak enforcement of OSH Standards.
Statistics does not give reliable data, due to low rate of
compliance, absence of strict penalties, fragmented
OSH administration.
There is weak enforcement of OSH Standards.
Statistics does not give reliable data, due to low rate of
compliance, absence of strict penalties, fragmented
OSH administration.
There is lack of OSH facilities & lack of trained OSH personnel.
There is low priority given to OSH.
Lack of education & awareness on OSH among workers &
management.
There is low priority given to OSH.
Lack of education & awareness on OSH among workers &
management.
IMPORTANCE OF OSHIMPORTANCE OF OSH
It is mandated by law
It preserves the lives of
workers & the company
It is a form of motivation.
It creates understanding
It is mandated by law
It preserves the lives of
workers & the company
It is a form of motivation.
It creates understanding
WHAT IS SAFETY?WHAT IS SAFETY?
is a state in which hazards and
conditions leading to physical,
psychological or material harm
are controlled in order to
preserve the health and well-
being of individuals and the
community.
is a state in which hazards and
conditions leading to physical,
psychological or material harm
are controlled in order to
preserve the health and well-
being of individuals and the
community.
WHAT IS ACCIDENT?WHAT IS ACCIDENT?
interrupts or disrupts the
normal and orderly progress
of any activity and may result
in injury (minor or serious) to
people and/or damage or
destruction.
interrupts or disrupts the
normal and orderly progress
of any activity and may result
in injury (minor or serious) to
people and/or damage or
destruction.
WHAT IS HAZARD?WHAT IS HAZARD?
a source or situation with a
potential to cause harm in
terms of injury, ill health,
damage to property, damage
to the environment or a
combination of these
a source or situation with a
potential to cause harm in
terms of injury, ill health,
damage to property, damage
to the environment or a
combination of these
COMMON HAZARD INCOMMON HAZARD IN
CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
Falls from heights
Electrocution and electric shocks
Struck by/struck against objects
Fire and explosion
Noise pollution
Unsafe operation of equipment and vehicles
CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
Falls from heights
Electrocution and electric shocks
Struck by/struck against objects
Fire and explosion
Noise pollution
Unsafe operation of equipment and vehicles
WHAT IS RISK?WHAT IS RISK?
It is the possibility that
something bad or
unexpected could happen. It
involves uncertainty about
outcomes and can affect
people's decisions and
actions.
It is the possibility that
something bad or
unexpected could happen. It
involves uncertainty about
outcomes and can affect
people's decisions and
actions.
INTERNATIONAL OSH
STANDARDS BY THE
INTERNATIONAL LABOR
ORGANIZATION
ELECTIVE (COSH)
TOPIC 3:
GROUP 1 BSCE_3F
STANDARDS BY THE
INTERNATIONAL LABOR
ORGANIZATION
ELECTIVE (COSH)
TOPIC 3:
GROUP 1 BSCE_3F
International
Labour
Organization
The International Labour Organization
(ILO) is a specialized agency of the
United Nations dedicated to
promoting social justice and
internationally recognized human and
labor rights.
Labour
Organization
The International Labour Organization
(ILO) is a specialized agency of the
United Nations dedicated to
promoting social justice and
internationally recognized human and
labor rights.
Many companies do not report accidents and injuries. Data gathering
has been problematic because of the following conditions:
UNDER REPORTING OF WORK-
RELATED ACCIDENTS AND ILLNESSES.
Many employers do not report accidents and illnesses that occur in the
workplace, even though they are required by law to do so
has been problematic because of the following conditions:
UNDER REPORTING OF WORK-
RELATED ACCIDENTS AND ILLNESSES.
Many employers do not report accidents and illnesses that occur in the
workplace, even though they are required by law to do so
Vulnerable groups such as informal sector (which amounts to 28M or
80% of the Filipino workforce) are often left out in the OSH education,
information and program implementation.
LIMITED COVERAGE OF OSH
INFORMATION AND EDUCATION AND
OSHS IMPLEMENTATION.
80% of the Filipino workforce) are often left out in the OSH education,
information and program implementation.
LIMITED COVERAGE OF OSH
INFORMATION AND EDUCATION AND
OSHS IMPLEMENTATION.
There has been an upsurge of OSH awareness worldwide and
companies both here and abroad require companies to hire trained
OSH personnel.
INADEQUATE NUMBER OF TRAINED
OSH PERSONNEL.
companies both here and abroad require companies to hire trained
OSH personnel.
INADEQUATE NUMBER OF TRAINED
OSH PERSONNEL.
ABSENCE OF STRICT PENALTIES
WEAK INFORCEMENT OF OSH LAWS
WEAK INFORCEMENT OF OSH LAWS
FRAGMENTED OSH ADMINISTRATION
PUBLIC APATHY ON OSH ADMINISTRATION
PUBLIC APATHY ON OSH ADMINISTRATION
The former is more concerned about profit while the latter is with
wages and other monetary benefits.
LOW PRIORITY ON OSH CONCERNS BY
BOTH MANAGEMENT AND LABOR.
wages and other monetary benefits.
LOW PRIORITY ON OSH CONCERNS BY
BOTH MANAGEMENT AND LABOR.
EMERGING ISSUES IN OSH
Participants should be aware of emerging occupational
safety and health issues, including women workers,
child labor, informal sector, agriculture, schools, and
lifestyle disorders like diabetes and AIDS.
Women's responsibilities, including household duties
and motherhood, can impact their productivity, work
stress, and reproductive health, especially in pregnant
women, and potentially affect their unborn child.
Participants should be aware of emerging occupational
safety and health issues, including women workers,
child labor, informal sector, agriculture, schools, and
lifestyle disorders like diabetes and AIDS.
Women's responsibilities, including household duties
and motherhood, can impact their productivity, work
stress, and reproductive health, especially in pregnant
women, and potentially affect their unborn child.
There are 250 million child laborers around the world of which 3.7
million are found in the Philippines. Of these, 2.2M are in hazardous jobs.
IMPACT ON CHILDREN
Health Risks
Educational Disruption
Psychological Effects
Social Impact
million are found in the Philippines. Of these, 2.2M are in hazardous jobs.
IMPACT ON CHILDREN
Health Risks
Educational Disruption
Psychological Effects
Social Impact
The use of pesticides in farms is a critical occupational health issue,
particularly for farmers and farm workers who handle these chemicals.
HEALTH HAZARDS OF PESTICIDE
EXPOSURE
Acute Health Effects
Chronic Health Effects
Indirect Exposure
particularly for farmers and farm workers who handle these chemicals.
HEALTH HAZARDS OF PESTICIDE
EXPOSURE
Acute Health Effects
Chronic Health Effects
Indirect Exposure
There is a significant lack of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
mechanisms for the informal sector, despite it representing more than
half of the total workforce.
LACK OF OSH MECHANISM
Inadequate Regulations
Resource Constraints
Limited Access to Information
Economic Pressure
mechanisms for the informal sector, despite it representing more than
half of the total workforce.
LACK OF OSH MECHANISM
Inadequate Regulations
Resource Constraints
Limited Access to Information
Economic Pressure
In schools, students are also exposed to hazards such as chemicals and
electricity, while bullying and hazing (both psycho-social issues) are
becoming more common.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Chemical Exposure
1. Science Laboratories
2. Cleaning Supplies
electricity, while bullying and hazing (both psycho-social issues) are
becoming more common.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Chemical Exposure
1. Science Laboratories
2. Cleaning Supplies
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Electrical Hazards
1. Old Wiring and Equipment
2. Computer Labs and Classrooms
PSYCHO-SOCIAL ISSUES
Bullying
1. Initiation Rituals
2. Legal and Ethical Concerns
Electrical Hazards
1. Old Wiring and Equipment
2. Computer Labs and Classrooms
PSYCHO-SOCIAL ISSUES
Bullying
1. Initiation Rituals
2. Legal and Ethical Concerns
PSYCHO-SOCIAL ISSUES
Hazing
1. Emotional and Physical Impact
2. Academic Performance
Despite a decline in work-related accidents and illnesses in recent years
in the Philippines, occupational injuries and diseases continue to occur.
The Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) upholds the
principle that “one life lost is one too many,” emphasizing the
importance of collective effort in addressing Occupational Safety and
Health (OSH) concerns to improve the quality of working life
Hazing
1. Emotional and Physical Impact
2. Academic Performance
Despite a decline in work-related accidents and illnesses in recent years
in the Philippines, occupational injuries and diseases continue to occur.
The Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) upholds the
principle that “one life lost is one too many,” emphasizing the
importance of collective effort in addressing Occupational Safety and
Health (OSH) concerns to improve the quality of working life
Thank You
ELECTIVE (COSH)
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
BSCE_3FGROUP 1
ELECTIVE (COSH)
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
BSCE_3FGROUP 1
Core OHS
Principles
#2 Occupational Health And
Safety Must Be Established
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Principles
#2 Occupational Health And
Safety Must Be Established
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auctor.
#3 Education and training are vital
components of safe, healthy working
environments
Core OHS
Principles
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components of safe, healthy working
environments
Core OHS
Principles
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facilisis id nulla et, gravida volutpat sapien. Duis mattis velit nec
orci pharetra, bibendum tempor nisl molestie. Donec dapibus est
sapien, sit amet luctus arcu iaculis convallis. Duis mi est, ultrices
vitae condimentum quis, suscipit eget tellus. Vestibulum dolor
sapien, bibendum eu felis a, feugiat interdum libero. Maecenas
posuere turpis at semper auctor.
#3 Employees, employers and competent
authorities take on certain responsibilities,
duties and obligations.
Core OHS
Principles
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orci pharetra, bibendum tempor nisl molestie. Donec dapibus est
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vitae condimentum quis, suscipit eget tellus. Vestibulum dolor
sapien, bibendum eu felis a, feugiat interdum libero. Maecenas
posuere turpis at semper auctor.
authorities take on certain responsibilities,
duties and obligations.
Core OHS
Principles
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facilisis id nulla et, gravida volutpat sapien. Duis mattis velit nec
orci pharetra, bibendum tempor nisl molestie. Donec dapibus est
sapien, sit amet luctus arcu iaculis convallis. Duis mi est, ultrices
vitae condimentum quis, suscipit eget tellus. Vestibulum dolor
sapien, bibendum eu felis a, feugiat interdum libero. Maecenas
posuere turpis at semper auctor.
Work Safety
Safety First Protection Regulation Health Insurance
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Safety First Protection Regulation Health Insurance
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Purpose Of OHS
Guide policies for promotion, action and
management
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General protective measures like, the medical
examination of young workers, etc
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Protection in specific branches of
economic activity
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Guide policies for promotion, action and
management
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commodo non. Nunc a quam tempus, tempor dolor et,
hendrerit dolor. Cras mollis quam et eros posuere convallis.
General protective measures like, the medical
examination of young workers, etc
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commodo non. Nunc a quam tempus, tempor dolor et,
hendrerit dolor. Cras mollis quam et eros posuere convallis.
Protection in specific branches of
economic activity
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Suspendisse vehicula suscipit mauris, quis pellentesque ex
commodo non. Nunc a quam tempus, tempor dolor et,
hendrerit dolor. Cras mollis quam et eros posuere convallis.
SAFETY RULES
Safety First Respirator
Ear Protector
Safety Slove
Hard Helmet Safety Wear
Safety Boot
ID Card
Safety First Respirator
Ear Protector
Safety Slove
Hard Helmet Safety Wear
Safety Boot
ID Card
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Suspendisse vehicula suscipit mauris, quis pellentesque
ex commodo non. Nunc a quam tempus, tempor dolor et,
hendrerit dolor. Cras mollis quam et eros posuere
convallis. Cras nulla mauris, facilisis id nulla et, gravida
volutpat sapien. Duis mattis velit nec orci pharetra,
bibendum tempor nisl molestie. Donec dapibus est
sapien, sit amet luctus arcu iaculis convallis. Duis mi est,
ultrices vitae condimentum quis, suscipit eget tellus.
Vestibulum dolor sapien, bibendum eu felis a, feugiat
interdum libero. Maecenas posuere turpis at semper
auctor.
OUR COMPANY
Suspendisse vehicula suscipit mauris, quis pellentesque
ex commodo non. Nunc a quam tempus, tempor dolor et,
hendrerit dolor. Cras mollis quam et eros posuere
convallis. Cras nulla mauris, facilisis id nulla et, gravida
volutpat sapien. Duis mattis velit nec orci pharetra,
bibendum tempor nisl molestie. Donec dapibus est
sapien, sit amet luctus arcu iaculis convallis. Duis mi est,
ultrices vitae condimentum quis, suscipit eget tellus.
Vestibulum dolor sapien, bibendum eu felis a, feugiat
interdum libero. Maecenas posuere turpis at semper
auctor.
OUR COMPANY
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit. Suspendisse vehicula suscipit
mauris, quis pellentesque ex commodo non.
Nunc a quam tempus, tempor dolor et, hendrerit
dolor. Cras mollis quam et eros posuere convallis.
VISION AND MISSION
VISION
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit. Suspendisse vehicula suscipit
mauris, quis pellentesque ex commodo non.
Nunc a quam tempus, tempor dolor et,
hendrerit dolor. Cras mollis quam et eros
posuere convallis.
MISSION
adipiscing elit. Suspendisse vehicula suscipit
mauris, quis pellentesque ex commodo non.
Nunc a quam tempus, tempor dolor et, hendrerit
dolor. Cras mollis quam et eros posuere convallis.
VISION AND MISSION
VISION
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit. Suspendisse vehicula suscipit
mauris, quis pellentesque ex commodo non.
Nunc a quam tempus, tempor dolor et,
hendrerit dolor. Cras mollis quam et eros
posuere convallis.
MISSION
Thank You
Thynk Unlimited
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
123 Anywhere St., Any Citywww.reallygreatsite.com
Thynk Unlimited
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
123 Anywhere St., Any Citywww.reallygreatsite.com
PHILIPPINE
LEGISLATION
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 2
ELECTIVE (COSH)
LEGISLATION
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 2
ELECTIVE (COSH)
Discuss the various strategies
for OSH Administration in the
Philippines.
Identify the different OSH
requirements and areas for
compliance to the OSH
Standards.
Adhere to the legal
responsibilities of an
employer or employee.
OBJECTIVES
PHILIPPINE OSH LEGISLATION
for OSH Administration in the
Philippines.
Identify the different OSH
requirements and areas for
compliance to the OSH
Standards.
Adhere to the legal
responsibilities of an
employer or employee.
OBJECTIVES
PHILIPPINE OSH LEGISLATION
OSH LEGISLATION
OSH LEGISLATIONS
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
Refers to a set of rules issued by DOLE which
mandates the adoption and use of appropriate
practices, means, methods, operations or
processes, and working conditions reasonably
necessary to ensure safe and healthful
employment.
OSH LEGISLATIONS
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
Refers to a set of rules issued by DOLE which
mandates the adoption and use of appropriate
practices, means, methods, operations or
processes, and working conditions reasonably
necessary to ensure safe and healthful
employment.
02
01
03
LEGAL BASES
Republic Act No. 11058 and its IRR (January 25, 2019)
An Act Strengthening Compliance with the OSH Standards and Providing
Penalties for Violations thereof.
OSH Standards (1979, amended in 1989)
A set of mandatory rules on OSH which codifies all safety orders issued prior
to its promulgation.
Labor Code of the Philippines (PD 442, 1974)
Consolidation of labor and social laws to afford full protection to labor,
promote employment and human resources development, and ensure
industrial peace.
OSH LEGISLATION
01
03
LEGAL BASES
Republic Act No. 11058 and its IRR (January 25, 2019)
An Act Strengthening Compliance with the OSH Standards and Providing
Penalties for Violations thereof.
OSH Standards (1979, amended in 1989)
A set of mandatory rules on OSH which codifies all safety orders issued prior
to its promulgation.
Labor Code of the Philippines (PD 442, 1974)
Consolidation of labor and social laws to afford full protection to labor,
promote employment and human resources development, and ensure
industrial peace.
OSH LEGISLATION
THE REPUBLICT ACT (R.A) 11058
THE NEW PHILIPPINE OSH LEGISLATION
An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational
Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for
Violations Thereof.
THE NEW PHILIPPINE OSH LEGISLATION
An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational
Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for
Violations Thereof.
EMPLOYER
Under the new OSHS act, also known as R.A 11058:
Are now required to comply with OSH standards, including
updated training requirements.
Must have audit and tracking of compliance.
They are mandated to have on-site clinic facilities.
Provide welfare facilities to their employees because
otherwise they could be penalized for violations thereof.
Under the new OSHS act, also known as R.A 11058:
Are now required to comply with OSH standards, including
updated training requirements.
Must have audit and tracking of compliance.
They are mandated to have on-site clinic facilities.
Provide welfare facilities to their employees because
otherwise they could be penalized for violations thereof.
WORKER
Under the new OSHS act, also known as R.A 11058:
Have the right to know all types of hazards in their workplace.
They have the right to refuse unsafe work.
And the right to PPE, among others.
Under the new OSHS act, also known as R.A 11058:
Have the right to know all types of hazards in their workplace.
They have the right to refuse unsafe work.
And the right to PPE, among others.
(D.O. 198-18) Implementing Rules and
Regulations (IRR) of Republic Act No. 11058”
01
02
03
Rights and Duties
04
Safety Signage and Devices
Declaration of Policy: Required for all covered
companies and organizations.
Definition of Terms: Clearly Incorporated.
Regulations (IRR) of Republic Act No. 11058”
01
02
03
Rights and Duties
04
Safety Signage and Devices
Declaration of Policy: Required for all covered
companies and organizations.
Definition of Terms: Clearly Incorporated.
(D.O. 198-18) Implementing Rules and
Regulations (IRR) of Republic Act No. 11058”
05
06
07
Enforcement of OSH Standards
08
Miscellaneous Provisions
Covered Workplaces
Employer’s Responsibility & Liability
Regulations (IRR) of Republic Act No. 11058”
05
06
07
Enforcement of OSH Standards
08
Miscellaneous Provisions
Covered Workplaces
Employer’s Responsibility & Liability
ELECTIVE (COSH)
OSH POLICY AND
SAFETY STATEMENT
OSH POLICY AND
SAFETY STATEMENT
01
Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS)
Implementing of worker wearing PPE.
Framework for ensuring safe working environment.
02
Republic Act No. 11058 (RA 11058)
Construction sites implement mandatory safety signages
and barriers around hazardous areas to prevent accidents.
Strengthening compliance with OSHS.
OSH POLICY
Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS)
Implementing of worker wearing PPE.
Framework for ensuring safe working environment.
02
Republic Act No. 11058 (RA 11058)
Construction sites implement mandatory safety signages
and barriers around hazardous areas to prevent accidents.
Strengthening compliance with OSHS.
OSH POLICY
03
Department Orders and Regulations
Department Order No. 13 requiring a safety and health
program for every construction project.
Specific guidelines by DOLE.
04
OSH Committees
An OSH Committee conducting weekly safety inspections
on a construction site.
Implementing and monitoring safety programs.
OSH POLICY
Department Orders and Regulations
Department Order No. 13 requiring a safety and health
program for every construction project.
Specific guidelines by DOLE.
04
OSH Committees
An OSH Committee conducting weekly safety inspections
on a construction site.
Implementing and monitoring safety programs.
OSH POLICY
05
Safety Training and Education
Conducting fall prevention training for workers at heights
to ensure they know how to use safety harnesses and other
fall protection equipment.
Educating workers on safety protocols.
06
Medical Surveillance and Health Services
Regular health check-ups for workers exposed to dust and
chemicals on construction sites to detect and prevent
occupational diseases on a construction site.
Monitoring health of workers exposed to hazards.
OSH POLICY
Safety Training and Education
Conducting fall prevention training for workers at heights
to ensure they know how to use safety harnesses and other
fall protection equipment.
Educating workers on safety protocols.
06
Medical Surveillance and Health Services
Regular health check-ups for workers exposed to dust and
chemicals on construction sites to detect and prevent
occupational diseases on a construction site.
Monitoring health of workers exposed to hazards.
OSH POLICY
07
Workplace Safety Program
Employee must develop and implement comprehensive
workplace safety program.
08
Inspection and Enforcement
DOLE conducts regular inspections and audits to ensure
compliance with OSH standard.
OSH POLICY
Workplace Safety Program
Employee must develop and implement comprehensive
workplace safety program.
08
Inspection and Enforcement
DOLE conducts regular inspections and audits to ensure
compliance with OSH standard.
OSH POLICY
09
Workers’ Right
Workers have the right to report unsafe conditions and refuse
to perform task.
OSH POLICY
Workers’ Right
Workers have the right to report unsafe conditions and refuse
to perform task.
OSH POLICY
POLICY DECLARATION
Clear and concise declaration of the organization’s commitment to OSH.
OBJECTIVES
Specific OSH objectives that the organization aims to achieve.
RESPONSIBILITIES
It specifies the roles and responsibilities of management.
OSH SAFETY STATEMENT
Clear and concise declaration of the organization’s commitment to OSH.
OBJECTIVES
Specific OSH objectives that the organization aims to achieve.
RESPONSIBILITIES
It specifies the roles and responsibilities of management.
OSH SAFETY STATEMENT
LEGAL COMPLIANCE
Organization's commitment to adhering to all relevant occupational safety
and health laws and regulations.
CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION
How the organization will engage with employees regarding safety and
health issues.
RESOURCES AND SUPPORT
It describes resources (training, equipment, personnel) available to
promote safety.
OSH SAFETY STATEMENT
Organization's commitment to adhering to all relevant occupational safety
and health laws and regulations.
CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION
How the organization will engage with employees regarding safety and
health issues.
RESOURCES AND SUPPORT
It describes resources (training, equipment, personnel) available to
promote safety.
OSH SAFETY STATEMENT
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT
The need for ongoing safety enhancements.
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
It address emergency procedures, such as fire drills and evacuation plans.
REVIEW AND REVISION
How often the safety statement will be reviewed and updated.
COMMUNICATION
It addresses how safety information is shared within the organization.
OSH SAFETY STATEMENT
The need for ongoing safety enhancements.
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
It address emergency procedures, such as fire drills and evacuation plans.
REVIEW AND REVISION
How often the safety statement will be reviewed and updated.
COMMUNICATION
It addresses how safety information is shared within the organization.
OSH SAFETY STATEMENT
RESPONSIBILITIES
OF EMPLOYERS
AND EMPLOYEES
ELECTIVE (COSH)
OF EMPLOYERS
AND EMPLOYEES
ELECTIVE (COSH)
01
02
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYER
Provision of a Safe Work Environment
Compliance with OSHA Standards
Employers must provide a workplace free from serious recognized
hazards that could cause death or serious physical harm.
Employers are required to comply with all OSHA standards, rules,
and regulations issued under the OSH Act.
02
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYER
Provision of a Safe Work Environment
Compliance with OSHA Standards
Employers must provide a workplace free from serious recognized
hazards that could cause death or serious physical harm.
Employers are required to comply with all OSHA standards, rules,
and regulations issued under the OSH Act.
03
04
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYER
Safety Training and Education
Provision of Necessary Protective Equipment
Employers must offer effective safety training programs to ensure
that workers are knowledgeable about potential hazards.
Employers must supply appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE).
04
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYER
Safety Training and Education
Provision of Necessary Protective Equipment
Employers must offer effective safety training programs to ensure
that workers are knowledgeable about potential hazards.
Employers must supply appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE).
05
06
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYER
Regular Site Inspections and Hazard Identification
Recordkeeping and Reporting
Routine inspections of the worksite should be conducted to
identify and address any safety hazards promptly.
Employers are required to maintain accurate records of work-
related injuries and illnesses.
06
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYER
Regular Site Inspections and Hazard Identification
Recordkeeping and Reporting
Routine inspections of the worksite should be conducted to
identify and address any safety hazards promptly.
Employers are required to maintain accurate records of work-
related injuries and illnesses.
07
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYER
Encouraging Worker Participation
Employers should encourage employees to participate in safety
and health programs.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYER
Encouraging Worker Participation
Employers should encourage employees to participate in safety
and health programs.
01
02
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEE
Adherence to Safety Protocols
Proper use of Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE)
02
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEE
Adherence to Safety Protocols
Proper use of Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE)
03
04
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEE
Participation of Safety Training
Reporting Hazards and Unsafe
Conditions
04
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEE
Participation of Safety Training
Reporting Hazards and Unsafe
Conditions
05
06
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEE
Avoiding Risky Behaviors
Maintaining a Clean and
Organized Work Area
06
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEE
Avoiding Risky Behaviors
Maintaining a Clean and
Organized Work Area
07
08
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEE
Complying with Health and
Safety Signage
Participating in Safety Programs
08
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEE
Complying with Health and
Safety Signage
Participating in Safety Programs
09
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEE
Staying Fit for Work
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEE
Staying Fit for Work
Group 2
Thank you for
listening!
MEMBERS:
CAGADAS, NATHANIEL
CAILING, ELLEIN
DACUBOR, LU JANE
DAGOC, RHISSA
DAPITON, CHERRY ROSE
DELOS REYES, TOM ANTHONY
DESOYO, KENT ADRIAN
EMANEL, ROCHELLE
Thank you for
listening!
MEMBERS:
CAGADAS, NATHANIEL
CAILING, ELLEIN
DACUBOR, LU JANE
DAGOC, RHISSA
DAPITON, CHERRY ROSE
DELOS REYES, TOM ANTHONY
DESOYO, KENT ADRIAN
EMANEL, ROCHELLE
RISK
ASSESSMENT
Presented by Group 3 (3F)
Espiritu Foro Janolino Japson Jurado Ladica Lamban Litao
ASSESSMENT
Presented by Group 3 (3F)
Espiritu Foro Janolino Japson Jurado Ladica Lamban Litao
What is RISK?
01.
02.
Is the chance, high,
medium, or low, that
somebody will be harmed
by the hazard.
A common misperception
to risk is that it should be
eliminated.
01.
02.
Is the chance, high,
medium, or low, that
somebody will be harmed
by the hazard.
A common misperception
to risk is that it should be
eliminated.
What is RISK ASSESSMENT?
A risk assessment is simply a careful
examination of your workplace to see what
could cause harm to workers.
A risk assessment is simply a careful
examination of your workplace to see what
could cause harm to workers.
The aim of any risk
assessment is to make sure
that no one gets injured at
work or becomes ill because
of the conditions at work.
What is the AIM of
Risk Assessment?
assessment is to make sure
that no one gets injured at
work or becomes ill because
of the conditions at work.
What is the AIM of
Risk Assessment?
Why do we
need to bother?
01.
ILO estimates more than 2.3 million fatalities every year
due to occupational accidents and work-related diseases.
It is also estimated that more than 337 million workers
sustain injuries and there are over 160 million cases of
work-related diseases. 02.
need to bother?
01.
ILO estimates more than 2.3 million fatalities every year
due to occupational accidents and work-related diseases.
It is also estimated that more than 337 million workers
sustain injuries and there are over 160 million cases of
work-related diseases. 02.
01.
02.
03.
It is required by law under the
Management of Health and
Safety at Work Regulations
1999
Less chance of claims and
prosecutions
Duty of care owed to all
Employees and others affected
by our work.
“Risk Assessment is a MUST”
LEGAL
FINANCIAL
MORAL
02.
03.
It is required by law under the
Management of Health and
Safety at Work Regulations
1999
Less chance of claims and
prosecutions
Duty of care owed to all
Employees and others affected
by our work.
“Risk Assessment is a MUST”
LEGAL
FINANCIAL
MORAL
SOME HAZARDS ARE OBVIOUS
SOME HAZARDS ARE OBVIOUS
SOME HAZARDS ARE OBVIOUS
01.
02.
Look for Hazards.
Decide who might be
harmed and how.
03.
Evaluate the risks and decide
whether the existing
precautions are adequate or
whether more should be done.
How to Assess the Risk in
your Workplace?
02.
Look for Hazards.
Decide who might be
harmed and how.
03.
Evaluate the risks and decide
whether the existing
precautions are adequate or
whether more should be done.
How to Assess the Risk in
your Workplace?
04. Record your findings.
05.
Review how successful the
assessment is and revise if necessary.
05.
Review how successful the
assessment is and revise if necessary.
Hazard Checklist
(Qualitative)
(Qualitative)
is used to systematically
identify any possible
health and safety risks
that could arise in a
workplace or during a
project.
Hazard Checklist
➔
identify any possible
health and safety risks
that could arise in a
workplace or during a
project.
Hazard Checklist
➔
Components of a Hazard Checklist
Description of Task or Activity
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Control Measures
Responsible Parties
Review and Update
4-Step Guide to Effectively
Perform a Hazard Identification
Look
Think
Act
Monitor
Description of Task or Activity
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Control Measures
Responsible Parties
Review and Update
4-Step Guide to Effectively
Perform a Hazard Identification
Look
Think
Act
Monitor
Industries like construction,
manufacturing, and transportation
face numerous workplace risks in
their daily operations.
Using a hazard identification
checklist can help simplify this task
by establishing a framework to
document and examine workplace
hazards.
Why we should use a Checklist for
Identifying Hazards?
manufacturing, and transportation
face numerous workplace risks in
their daily operations.
Using a hazard identification
checklist can help simplify this task
by establishing a framework to
document and examine workplace
hazards.
Why we should use a Checklist for
Identifying Hazards?
Four reasons why you should
use a checklist for identifying
hazards:
It reduces the chances of oversight
during the assessment process.
1.
It standardizes the assessment
process.
2.
It speeds up the hazard identification
process.
3.
It serves as a helpful resource for
training and guiding individuals
4.
use a checklist for identifying
hazards:
It reduces the chances of oversight
during the assessment process.
1.
It standardizes the assessment
process.
2.
It speeds up the hazard identification
process.
3.
It serves as a helpful resource for
training and guiding individuals
4.
What to Include in This
Checklist
When creating your own checklist,
it’s important to keep in mind the
environment, activities, and
components specific to your
workplace. At its most basic form, a
hazard identification checklist will
include the following elements:
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
Manual handling
Working at heights
Slip and trip hazards
Hazardous substances
Checklist
When creating your own checklist,
it’s important to keep in mind the
environment, activities, and
components specific to your
workplace. At its most basic form, a
hazard identification checklist will
include the following elements:
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
Manual handling
Working at heights
Slip and trip hazards
Hazardous substances
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
includes clothing for the eyes, head,
ears, hands, respiratory system,
body, and feet. It protects against
injury and infection by minimizing
exposure to chemical, biological,
and physical hazards, serving as the
last line of defense when other
safety measures are inadequate.
What is PPE Safety?
PPE safety is the practice of ensuring a safe, working
environment for employees and visitors through the use of
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Safety is paramount to
all businesses across industries. Using PPEs, paired with
inspections such as workplace and restaurant inspections,
assessments like health and safety risk assessments, and
analysis such as gap analysis—is essential to protect
employees from risks and hazards.
prevent unnecessary injury in the workplace;
protect employees from excessive chemical exposure;
improve employee productivity and efficiency.
Equipment (PPE)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
includes clothing for the eyes, head,
ears, hands, respiratory system,
body, and feet. It protects against
injury and infection by minimizing
exposure to chemical, biological,
and physical hazards, serving as the
last line of defense when other
safety measures are inadequate.
What is PPE Safety?
PPE safety is the practice of ensuring a safe, working
environment for employees and visitors through the use of
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Safety is paramount to
all businesses across industries. Using PPEs, paired with
inspections such as workplace and restaurant inspections,
assessments like health and safety risk assessments, and
analysis such as gap analysis—is essential to protect
employees from risks and hazards.
prevent unnecessary injury in the workplace;
protect employees from excessive chemical exposure;
improve employee productivity and efficiency.
Manual handling
Manual handling involves
transporting or supporting loads by
hand or bodily force, such as lifting,
pushing, pulling, carrying, and
moving objects.
4 Key Areas of Manual Handling (TILE)
Task- The manual handling activity1.
Individual- The person involved and their capabilities2.
Load- The object being moved or transported3.
Environment- The area of manual handling activity4.
5 Principles of Manual Handling (5P’S)
Plan1.
Position2.
Pick3.
Proceed4.
Place5.
Manual handling involves
transporting or supporting loads by
hand or bodily force, such as lifting,
pushing, pulling, carrying, and
moving objects.
4 Key Areas of Manual Handling (TILE)
Task- The manual handling activity1.
Individual- The person involved and their capabilities2.
Load- The object being moved or transported3.
Environment- The area of manual handling activity4.
5 Principles of Manual Handling (5P’S)
Plan1.
Position2.
Pick3.
Proceed4.
Place5.
Working at heights
Working at height involves
performing tasks at an elevated
position with a risk of falling due to
inadequate safety measures. While
definitions vary by country, all agree
that it is a major cause of
occupational injuries and fatalities
across industries.
Almost 900 fatalities occurred within a year due to falls,
slips, and trips in the workplace according to the most
recent data provided by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Safe Work Australia states that working at height accounts
for 13% of all work fatalities between 2015 and 2019.
How to Make Working at Height Safer?
The first line of defense against risks of working at height is to
determine what those risks are and come up with safety
measures to protect the workers against such risks.
Conduct a risk assessment1.
Implement the control measures2.
Empower employees with training courses for working at
heights
3.
Proactively conduct safety inspections to reinforce safe
practices and to catch risks.
4.
Working at height involves
performing tasks at an elevated
position with a risk of falling due to
inadequate safety measures. While
definitions vary by country, all agree
that it is a major cause of
occupational injuries and fatalities
across industries.
Almost 900 fatalities occurred within a year due to falls,
slips, and trips in the workplace according to the most
recent data provided by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Safe Work Australia states that working at height accounts
for 13% of all work fatalities between 2015 and 2019.
How to Make Working at Height Safer?
The first line of defense against risks of working at height is to
determine what those risks are and come up with safety
measures to protect the workers against such risks.
Conduct a risk assessment1.
Implement the control measures2.
Empower employees with training courses for working at
heights
3.
Proactively conduct safety inspections to reinforce safe
practices and to catch risks.
4.
Slip and trip hazards
Slips, trips, and falls are common
workplace hazards causing sprains,
strains, cuts, bruises, fractures, and
even death, especially in high-risk
jobs like construction. Adequate
training and safety practices can
help prevent these injuries.
The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports alarming
rates of slip, trip, and fall incidents in 2022.
Fatal Injuries – The rate of work-related fatalities caused by
slips, trips, and falls was up by 1.8% in 2022 (equating to 865
cases).
7 Tips for Preventing Slips, Trips, and Falls
Practicing good housekeeping1.
Providing adequate lighting in walking areas2.
Installing safety signs3.
Cleaning spills immediately4.
Making sure proper footwear is worn5.
Maintaining and improving floor quality 6.
Implementing safety plans and protocols 7.
Slips, trips, and falls are common
workplace hazards causing sprains,
strains, cuts, bruises, fractures, and
even death, especially in high-risk
jobs like construction. Adequate
training and safety practices can
help prevent these injuries.
The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports alarming
rates of slip, trip, and fall incidents in 2022.
Fatal Injuries – The rate of work-related fatalities caused by
slips, trips, and falls was up by 1.8% in 2022 (equating to 865
cases).
7 Tips for Preventing Slips, Trips, and Falls
Practicing good housekeeping1.
Providing adequate lighting in walking areas2.
Installing safety signs3.
Cleaning spills immediately4.
Making sure proper footwear is worn5.
Maintaining and improving floor quality 6.
Implementing safety plans and protocols 7.
Hazardous substances
Hazardous substances, found as
chemicals, gases, liquids, and solids,
can harm humans, animals, or the
environment. They are used in
industries like manufacturing,
construction, and agriculture.
asbestos, lead, mercury, and
pesticides can cause health
issues such as respiratory
problems, cancer, and
neurological damage.
How To Determine if a Substance is Hazardous
Warning labels are often found on hazardous products and
include information such as the type of hazard, precautions
for handling the substance, and first aid measures.
SDS provides more detailed information about a
substance’s hazards, including its physical and chemical
properties, health effects, and safety precautions.
Pictograms are symbols used to visually represent the
hazards of a substance, such as a flame for a flammable
substance or a skull and crossbones for a toxic substance.
If you are unsure if a substance is hazardous, it’s best to err on
the side of caution and assume it is until you can confirm
otherwise.
Hazardous substances, found as
chemicals, gases, liquids, and solids,
can harm humans, animals, or the
environment. They are used in
industries like manufacturing,
construction, and agriculture.
asbestos, lead, mercury, and
pesticides can cause health
issues such as respiratory
problems, cancer, and
neurological damage.
How To Determine if a Substance is Hazardous
Warning labels are often found on hazardous products and
include information such as the type of hazard, precautions
for handling the substance, and first aid measures.
SDS provides more detailed information about a
substance’s hazards, including its physical and chemical
properties, health effects, and safety precautions.
Pictograms are symbols used to visually represent the
hazards of a substance, such as a flame for a flammable
substance or a skull and crossbones for a toxic substance.
If you are unsure if a substance is hazardous, it’s best to err on
the side of caution and assume it is until you can confirm
otherwise.
Risk Assessment
Reporting
LADICA & LITAO
REPORTERS:
Reporting
LADICA & LITAO
REPORTERS:
What is a RISK ASSESSMENT
REPORT?
Risk assessment report is a comprehensive
document that outlines the findings, analysis,
and recommendations resulting from a risk
assessment process. It serves as a vital tool to
identify, evaluate, and prioritize potential risks
to an organization's information assets,
systems, and operations. The report provides
stakeholders with a clear understanding of the
risks, their potential impact, and actionable
strategies to mitigate or manage them
effectively.
REPORT?
Risk assessment report is a comprehensive
document that outlines the findings, analysis,
and recommendations resulting from a risk
assessment process. It serves as a vital tool to
identify, evaluate, and prioritize potential risks
to an organization's information assets,
systems, and operations. The report provides
stakeholders with a clear understanding of the
risks, their potential impact, and actionable
strategies to mitigate or manage them
effectively.
The primary purpose of a risk assessment
report is to support informed decision-making
by providing a detailed analysis of the risks an
organization faces. By understanding potential
threats and vulnerabilities, organizations can
implement appropriate controls and
countermeasures to protect their critical
assets. Additionally, risk assessment reports
help organizations comply with regulatory
requirements, demonstrate due diligence, and
allocate resources effectively.
The Purpose and Importance of
Risk Assessment Reports
report is to support informed decision-making
by providing a detailed analysis of the risks an
organization faces. By understanding potential
threats and vulnerabilities, organizations can
implement appropriate controls and
countermeasures to protect their critical
assets. Additionally, risk assessment reports
help organizations comply with regulatory
requirements, demonstrate due diligence, and
allocate resources effectively.
The Purpose and Importance of
Risk Assessment Reports
01
02
Executive Summary
Brief overview of the purpose, scope, and
key findings of the risk assessment.
Introduction
Background information.
Objectives of the risk assessment.
Scope and Limitations
General Outline of a Comprehensive
Risk Assessment Report
02
Executive Summary
Brief overview of the purpose, scope, and
key findings of the risk assessment.
Introduction
Background information.
Objectives of the risk assessment.
Scope and Limitations
General Outline of a Comprehensive
Risk Assessment Report
03
Methodology
Description of the methods and tools used for risk
identification and analysis.
Data sources and stakeholders involved.
04
Risk Identification
List of identified risks
Categorization of risks
05
Risk Analysis
Assessment of the likelihood and impact of each risk.
Use of risk assessment matrices or other analytical tools.
Prioritization of risks based on their severity.
Methodology
Description of the methods and tools used for risk
identification and analysis.
Data sources and stakeholders involved.
04
Risk Identification
List of identified risks
Categorization of risks
05
Risk Analysis
Assessment of the likelihood and impact of each risk.
Use of risk assessment matrices or other analytical tools.
Prioritization of risks based on their severity.
06
Risk Evaluation
Evaluation of the effectiveness of existing controls.
Identification of gaps or areas needing improvement.
07
Risk mitigation strategies
Recommended actions to manage and mitigate identified risks.
Assignment of responsibilities and timelines for implementation.
08
Conclusion
Summary of findings and recommendations.
Next steps and follow-up actions.
Risk Evaluation
Evaluation of the effectiveness of existing controls.
Identification of gaps or areas needing improvement.
07
Risk mitigation strategies
Recommended actions to manage and mitigate identified risks.
Assignment of responsibilities and timelines for implementation.
08
Conclusion
Summary of findings and recommendations.
Next steps and follow-up actions.
09
Appendices
Detailed data, charts, and additional information
supporting the report.
10
References
Cited sources, tools, and frameworks used in the
risk assessment.
Appendices
Detailed data, charts, and additional information
supporting the report.
10
References
Cited sources, tools, and frameworks used in the
risk assessment.
Financial Institutions
Healthcare Organizations
Construction Industries
Risk Assessment Reports are
commonly used by:
Healthcare Organizations
Construction Industries
Risk Assessment Reports are
commonly used by:
Presented by: GROUP 4
ELECTIVE
(COSH)
ELECTIVE
(COSH)
Safe Systems of Work
Job Safety Analysis
Movement of People and
Vehicles - Hazards and Control
LLOREN - MACEDA - MADULA - MALAZARTE -
MOLINA - NADUMA - OPISO - PADILLA
ELECTIVE
(COSH)
ELECTIVE
(COSH)
Safe Systems of Work
Job Safety Analysis
Movement of People and
Vehicles - Hazards and Control
LLOREN - MACEDA - MADULA - MALAZARTE -
MOLINA - NADUMA - OPISO - PADILLA
Safe Systems
of Work
Safe Systems
of Work
A formal procedure which results from systematic
examination of a task in order to identify all the hazards
present.
It defines safe methods to ensure that hazards are
eliminated or risks minimized.
If the risks involved in the task are high or medium, the
details of the system should be in writing and should be
communicated to the employee formally in a training
session.
PADILLA
of Work
Safe Systems
of Work
A formal procedure which results from systematic
examination of a task in order to identify all the hazards
present.
It defines safe methods to ensure that hazards are
eliminated or risks minimized.
If the risks involved in the task are high or medium, the
details of the system should be in writing and should be
communicated to the employee formally in a training
session.
PADILLA
TrainingsTrainings
Also called On-The-Job Training
Training is needed due to the specific nature of
tasks.
SPECIFIC SAFETY TRAINING1.
2. PLANNED TRAINING
Includes general safety training, induction
training, management training, skill training or
refresher courses
PADILLA
Also called On-The-Job Training
Training is needed due to the specific nature of
tasks.
SPECIFIC SAFETY TRAINING1.
2. PLANNED TRAINING
Includes general safety training, induction
training, management training, skill training or
refresher courses
PADILLA
TrainingsTrainings
PADILLA
PADILLA
is based on looking at the job as a whole
starts from an analysis of all foreseeable
hazards, for example physical, chemical,
health;
brings together all the necessary precautions,
including design, physical precautions,
training, monitoring, procedures and PPE.
Effective Safe
System
Effective Safe
System
PADILLA
starts from an analysis of all foreseeable
hazards, for example physical, chemical,
health;
brings together all the necessary precautions,
including design, physical precautions,
training, monitoring, procedures and PPE.
Effective Safe
System
Effective Safe
System
PADILLA
the sequence of operations to be carried out;
the equipment, plant, machinery and tools involved;
chemicals and other substances to which people might be
exposed in the course of the work;
the people doing the work – their skill and experience;
foreseeable hazards (health, safety, environment), whether
to the people doing the work or to others who might be
affected by it;
Essential Safe
Systems
Essential Safe
Systems
PADILLA
the equipment, plant, machinery and tools involved;
chemicals and other substances to which people might be
exposed in the course of the work;
the people doing the work – their skill and experience;
foreseeable hazards (health, safety, environment), whether
to the people doing the work or to others who might be
affected by it;
Essential Safe
Systems
Essential Safe
Systems
PADILLA
practical precautions which, when adopted, will eliminate
or minimize these hazards;
the training needs of those who will manage and operate
under the procedure;
monitoring systems to ensure that the defined precautions
are implemented effectively.
Essential Safe
Systems
Essential Safe
Systems
PADILLA
or minimize these hazards;
the training needs of those who will manage and operate
under the procedure;
monitoring systems to ensure that the defined precautions
are implemented effectively.
Essential Safe
Systems
Essential Safe
Systems
PADILLA
Legal
Requirements
Legal
Requirements
Article 10 of ILO recommendation R164:
(A) requires employers, ‘to provide and maintain
workplaces, machinery and equipment, and use work
methods, which are as safe and without risk to health
as is reasonably practicable’.
(b) requires employers, ‘to give necessary instructions
and training, taking account of the functions and
capacities of different categories of workers’.
PADILLA
Requirements
Legal
Requirements
Article 10 of ILO recommendation R164:
(A) requires employers, ‘to provide and maintain
workplaces, machinery and equipment, and use work
methods, which are as safe and without risk to health
as is reasonably practicable’.
(b) requires employers, ‘to give necessary instructions
and training, taking account of the functions and
capacities of different categories of workers’.
PADILLA
Assess the task
Identify the hazards
Define safe methods
Implement the system
Monitor the system
5 Steps to A Safe
System of Work
5 Steps to A Safe
System of Work
PADILLA
Identify the hazards
Define safe methods
Implement the system
Monitor the system
5 Steps to A Safe
System of Work
5 Steps to A Safe
System of Work
PADILLA
WHAT is used
WHO does what
WHERE the task is carried out
HOW the task is done
Assess the TaskAssess the Task
PADILLA
WHO does what
WHERE the task is carried out
HOW the task is done
Assess the TaskAssess the Task
PADILLA
Spot hazards and risks of the task
Evaluate the severity and likelihood
of identified hazards.
Identifying the HazardsIdentifying the Hazards
PADILLA
Evaluate the severity and likelihood
of identified hazards.
Identifying the HazardsIdentifying the Hazards
PADILLA
Define Safe Methods Define Safe Methods
Your safe system of work may be defined orally, by a simple written
procedure or in exceptional cases by a formal permit to work system.
Consider the preparation and authoriaation needed at the start of the job.
Ensure clear planning of job sequences.
Specify safe work methods.
Include means of access and escape if relevant.
Consider the tasks of dismantling, disposal at the end of the job.
Your safe system of work may be defined orally, by a simple written
procedure or in exceptional cases by a formal permit to work system.
Consider the preparation and authoriaation needed at the start of the job.
Ensure clear planning of job sequences.
Specify safe work methods.
Include means of access and escape if relevant.
Consider the tasks of dismantling, disposal at the end of the job.
Implementing the System Implementing the System
Effective communication and implementation of a
safe system of work are necessary for reducing
accidents. Supervisors should be trained in these
systems, and employees and managers should be
aware of potential risks and precautions. Shortcuts
should be avoided until a safe solution is found.
Effective communication and implementation of a
safe system of work are necessary for reducing
accidents. Supervisors should be trained in these
systems, and employees and managers should be
aware of potential risks and precautions. Shortcuts
should be avoided until a safe solution is found.
that employees continue to find the system
workable;
that the procedures laid down in your system of work are being
carried out and are effective; and
that any changers in circumstances which require alternations to
the system of work are taken into account.
Monitoring the System Monitoring the System
monitoring means periodically checking:
workable;
that the procedures laid down in your system of work are being
carried out and are effective; and
that any changers in circumstances which require alternations to
the system of work are taken into account.
Monitoring the System Monitoring the System
monitoring means periodically checking:
It is a process by which we identify
and mitigate hazards for each job
step and eliminate or reduce the
potential of occurence .
W HAT IS JSA?
and mitigate hazards for each job
step and eliminate or reduce the
potential of occurence .
W HAT IS JSA?
W HY USE JSA?
To identify hazards and their means of control.
To gain commitment of personnel to use safe practices.
To identify safer and more efficient methods of working.
To identify hazards and their means of control.
To gain commitment of personnel to use safe practices.
To identify safer and more efficient methods of working.
Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates;
Jobs with the potential to cause severe or disabling
injuries or illness, even if there is no history of previous
accidents;
Jobs in which one simple human error could lead to a
severe accident or injury;
What jobs are appropriate for a
job safety analysis?
Jobs with the potential to cause severe or disabling
injuries or illness, even if there is no history of previous
accidents;
Jobs in which one simple human error could lead to a
severe accident or injury;
What jobs are appropriate for a
job safety analysis?
What jobs are appropriate for a
job safety analysis?
Jobs that are new to your operation or have
undergone changes in processes and procedures; and
Jobs complex enough to require written instructions.
job safety analysis?
Jobs that are new to your operation or have
undergone changes in processes and procedures; and
Jobs complex enough to require written instructions.
GRINDING CAST IRON
EXAMPLES OF JSA FORM
GRINDING CAST IRON
EXAMPLES OF JSA FORM
Select the job to be analyzed.1.
Separate the job into basic job steps.2.
Identify the hazards and potential
incidents that are associated with each
job step.
3.
Develop safe work practices or
controls for each hazard identified.
4.
4 Basic Steps to
Preparing a JSA
4 Basic Steps to
Preparing a JSA
MACEDA
Separate the job into basic job steps.2.
Identify the hazards and potential
incidents that are associated with each
job step.
3.
Develop safe work practices or
controls for each hazard identified.
4.
4 Basic Steps to
Preparing a JSA
4 Basic Steps to
Preparing a JSA
MACEDA
Job Step
Hazards or Potential Incidents
Safe Work Controls
3 Basic Elements
of JSA Forms
3 Basic Elements
of JSA Forms
MACEDA
Hazards or Potential Incidents
Safe Work Controls
3 Basic Elements
of JSA Forms
3 Basic Elements
of JSA Forms
MACEDA
Things to Consider When Conducting a JSA
Step 1 Select the job to be analyzed.
What is the job I am being asked to do?
What is the logical order in which the job should be done?
What materials will I be dealing with?
What tools and equipment will I be using?
When will the job be done? (Day, Night, Cold or Hot) •
How might the job affect people/activities/equipment? •
How might the job be affected by other
people/activities/equipment?
MACEDA
Step 1 Select the job to be analyzed.
What is the job I am being asked to do?
What is the logical order in which the job should be done?
What materials will I be dealing with?
What tools and equipment will I be using?
When will the job be done? (Day, Night, Cold or Hot) •
How might the job affect people/activities/equipment? •
How might the job be affected by other
people/activities/equipment?
MACEDA
Things to Consider When Conducting a JSA
Step 2 Separate the jobs into basic job steps. What job step comes
first? Wording should begin with an "action" word (remove, open,
weld & etc.)
Second
Third
Next
If a job has more than 8-10 steps, then break the job into parts and
produce a JSA for each part.
MACEDA
Step 2 Separate the jobs into basic job steps. What job step comes
first? Wording should begin with an "action" word (remove, open,
weld & etc.)
Second
Third
Next
If a job has more than 8-10 steps, then break the job into parts and
produce a JSA for each part.
MACEDA
EXAMPLES OF JSA FORM
Things to Consider When Conducting a JSA
Step 3 Identify the hazards and potential incidents that are
associated with each job step.
Hazard definition is "Something which by itself or by interacting
with other variables can result in;
Physical injury or death
Damage to assets or the environment
Production loss or increased liability"
Examples: Heights, confined spaces, slippery surfaces, weather,
control of hazardous energy, chemicals, hydrocarbon release,
equipment, lack of training, loss of concentration and etc.
Step 3 Identify the hazards and potential incidents that are
associated with each job step.
Hazard definition is "Something which by itself or by interacting
with other variables can result in;
Physical injury or death
Damage to assets or the environment
Production loss or increased liability"
Examples: Heights, confined spaces, slippery surfaces, weather,
control of hazardous energy, chemicals, hydrocarbon release,
equipment, lack of training, loss of concentration and etc.
Things to Consider When Conducting a JSA
Step 3 Identify the hazards and potential incidents that are
associated with each job step. Use Phrases like;
Struck by or against
Contact with or contacted by
Caught in/on/under/between/against
Exposure to temperature/chemical/noise
It's very important to be specific, avoid generalizations like pinch
points, slip/strips/falls, and etc. Identify specifically what the
potential incidents are.
Step 3 Identify the hazards and potential incidents that are
associated with each job step. Use Phrases like;
Struck by or against
Contact with or contacted by
Caught in/on/under/between/against
Exposure to temperature/chemical/noise
It's very important to be specific, avoid generalizations like pinch
points, slip/strips/falls, and etc. Identify specifically what the
potential incidents are.
Things to Consider When Conducting a JSA
Step 4 Develop safe work practices or controls for each hazard
identified.
Remember the industrial hierarchy of control for the elimination of
hazards.
First, can the hazard be controlled through Elimination or
Substitution?
Second, can the hazard be controlled through Engineering
Controls (redesigning equipment)?
Third, can the hazard be controlled by implementing
Administrative Controls (changing job procedures, reducing
exposure time, increase training and etc.)
Step 4 Develop safe work practices or controls for each hazard
identified.
Remember the industrial hierarchy of control for the elimination of
hazards.
First, can the hazard be controlled through Elimination or
Substitution?
Second, can the hazard be controlled through Engineering
Controls (redesigning equipment)?
Third, can the hazard be controlled by implementing
Administrative Controls (changing job procedures, reducing
exposure time, increase training and etc.)
Things to Consider When Conducting a JSA
Continued: Step 4 Develop safe work practices or controls for each
hazard identified. Remember the industrial hierarchy of control for
the elimination of hazards.
Fourth and always LAST, can the hazard be controlled with the
proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
Continued: Step 4 Develop safe work practices or controls for each
hazard identified. Remember the industrial hierarchy of control for
the elimination of hazards.
Fourth and always LAST, can the hazard be controlled with the
proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
JSA Safety
Scorecard
JSA Safety
Scorecard
Is a rig based tool for measuring the
effectiveness of the JSA process so
continuous improvement can be
achieved.
Scorecard
JSA Safety
Scorecard
Is a rig based tool for measuring the
effectiveness of the JSA process so
continuous improvement can be
achieved.
Slips, trips and falls
Collisions
Environmental Damage
3. MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND VEHICLES -
Hazard and Control
Hazards
Collisions
Environmental Damage
3. MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND VEHICLES -
Hazard and Control
Hazards
The natural patterns of movement, including the public, inside the workplace and
around it .
Other patterns of movement, whether authorised or not, and which can be
reasonably predicted- such as shortcut
Needs of visually or hearing impaired, people in wheelchair, pregnant women, elderly
and children.
Person not normally on the premises ex. contractor and visitors.
The impact of different weather conditions
Maintenance strategies
Accident and Incident report
Risk Assessment for
Pedestrians
around it .
Other patterns of movement, whether authorised or not, and which can be
reasonably predicted- such as shortcut
Needs of visually or hearing impaired, people in wheelchair, pregnant women, elderly
and children.
Person not normally on the premises ex. contractor and visitors.
The impact of different weather conditions
Maintenance strategies
Accident and Incident report
Risk Assessment for
Pedestrians
Signs must conform to health and
safety (safety signs and signals )
Regulation 1996 in respect of:
Prohibitions- no pedestrians, no
naked lights
Warnings- falling objects, wet
floor
Mandatory actions- PPE
Safe conditions- Emergency exits
Use of Signs
safety (safety signs and signals )
Regulation 1996 in respect of:
Prohibitions- no pedestrians, no
naked lights
Warnings- falling objects, wet
floor
Mandatory actions- PPE
Safe conditions- Emergency exits
Use of Signs
Vehicles Operations
Loss of control- the vehicle is not
under full control of the driver.
Overturning - tipping over of the
vehicle, front, back, and side
Collisions- other vehicles,
pedestrians or fixed objects.
Loss of control- the vehicle is not
under full control of the driver.
Overturning - tipping over of the
vehicle, front, back, and side
Collisions- other vehicles,
pedestrians or fixed objects.
Overturning
Lateral InstabilityLongitunal Instability
Lateral InstabilityLongitunal Instability
Overturning
These risks are increased by :
Speed of Travel
Steepness of the Slope
Centre of Gravity
Bumps or Holes on the road
Increased Tire Pressure
Driving under the influence of Alcohol
These risks are increased by :
Speed of Travel
Steepness of the Slope
Centre of Gravity
Bumps or Holes on the road
Increased Tire Pressure
Driving under the influence of Alcohol
Control Strategies for Safe Vehicle Operation
Risks Assessment :
The Types Of Vehicle on the Premises
Impact of Different Weather Conditions
Condition of the Road
Protective measures for people and
structures (Barriers, Markings and Signs)
Patterns and volume of Traffic
Risks Assessment :
The Types Of Vehicle on the Premises
Impact of Different Weather Conditions
Condition of the Road
Protective measures for people and
structures (Barriers, Markings and Signs)
Patterns and volume of Traffic
Traffic Routes
All routes used by the Vehicle should be :
Clearly Marked
Segregated from Pedestrians
Wide enough
High enough
Volume of Traffic needs to be
considered ( Two lane, One lane ..... )
All routes used by the Vehicle should be :
Clearly Marked
Segregated from Pedestrians
Wide enough
High enough
Volume of Traffic needs to be
considered ( Two lane, One lane ..... )
Management of Vehicle Movements
Reversing should be eliminated
Speed Limits should be set and enforced
( Speed Reducing measures and Signs )
Example of Speed Reducing Measures
are Speed bumps, Roundabouts and etc.
Parking for all Vehicle
Reversing should be eliminated
Speed Limits should be set and enforced
( Speed Reducing measures and Signs )
Example of Speed Reducing Measures
are Speed bumps, Roundabouts and etc.
Parking for all Vehicle
Loading and Unloading
Loading procedures should ensure that: :
Loads evenly distributed and secured
Vehicles not loaded beyond capacity
or legal limits of gross weight
Vehicle floor checked for soundness
Vehicles must never be overloaded
Loading procedures should ensure that: :
Loads evenly distributed and secured
Vehicles not loaded beyond capacity
or legal limits of gross weight
Vehicle floor checked for soundness
Vehicles must never be overloaded
PRECAUTIONS
FOR
UNLOADING
PRECAUTIONS
FOR
UNLOADING
LOAD STABILITY - Ensure the load's stability
is checked before removing any ropes or
tarpaulins.
EVEN DISTRIBUTION - Keep the load stable and
evenly distributed during the unloading process.
FOR
UNLOADING
PRECAUTIONS
FOR
UNLOADING
LOAD STABILITY - Ensure the load's stability
is checked before removing any ropes or
tarpaulins.
EVEN DISTRIBUTION - Keep the load stable and
evenly distributed during the unloading process.
SITE RULESSITE RULES
VEHICLE
SECURITY
SAFE PARKING
GRADIENT
PARKING
HORN USE
VEHICLE
SECURITY
SAFE PARKING
GRADIENT
PARKING
HORN USE
FORK-LIFT
TRUCK
REGULATIONS
FORK-LIFT
TRUCK
REGULATIONS
LOWER THE FORKS
AVOID VIOLENT BREAKING
FORK POSITION WHILE
DRIVING
VISIBILITY AND LOAD
ORIENTATION
GRADIENT HANDLING
TRUCK
REGULATIONS
FORK-LIFT
TRUCK
REGULATIONS
LOWER THE FORKS
AVOID VIOLENT BREAKING
FORK POSITION WHILE
DRIVING
VISIBILITY AND LOAD
ORIENTATION
GRADIENT HANDLING
OFFICIAL
TRAINING
BODIES
OFFICIAL
TRAINING
BODIES
RECOGNIZED BODIES: THE
HEALTH SAFETY
COMMISSION
HSC RECOGNIZES THREE TRAINING
CERTIFICATION BODIES:
AGRICULTURAL TRAINING BOARD
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
TRAINING BOARD
ROAD TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
TRAINING BOARD
TRAINING
BODIES
OFFICIAL
TRAINING
BODIES
RECOGNIZED BODIES: THE
HEALTH SAFETY
COMMISSION
HSC RECOGNIZES THREE TRAINING
CERTIFICATION BODIES:
AGRICULTURAL TRAINING BOARD
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
TRAINING BOARD
ROAD TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
TRAINING BOARD
Thank
You
Thank
You
You
Thank
You
CHAPTER 10
MANUAL AND MECHANICAL
HANDLING HAZARDS AND
CONTROL
Group 5 Presentation
MANUAL AND MECHANICAL
HANDLING HAZARDS AND
CONTROL
Group 5 Presentation
10.2 : MANUAL HANDLING HAZARDS AND INJURIES
MANUAL
HANDLING
the movement of a load by human effort
alone. This effort may be applied directly or
indirectly using a rope or a lever.
CHASTITY LAVIGNE TORRENTO
MANUAL
HANDLING
the movement of a load by human effort
alone. This effort may be applied directly or
indirectly using a rope or a lever.
CHASTITY LAVIGNE TORRENTO
TYPICAL HAZARDS OF MANUAL HANDLING INCLUDE:
lifting a load which is too heavy or too cumbersome
resulting in back injury
poor posture during lifting or poor lifting
technique resulting in back injury
dropping a load, resulting in foot injury
lifting sharp-edged or hot loads resulting in
hand injuries.
CHASTITY LAVIGNE TORRENTO
lifting a load which is too heavy or too cumbersome
resulting in back injury
poor posture during lifting or poor lifting
technique resulting in back injury
dropping a load, resulting in foot injury
lifting sharp-edged or hot loads resulting in
hand injuries.
CHASTITY LAVIGNE TORRENTO
COMMON INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH POOR
MANUAL HANDLING TECHNIQUES ARE:
➤ MUSCULAR SPRAINS AND STRAINS
➤ BACK INJURIES
➤ TRAPPED NERVE
➤ HERNIA
➤ CUTS, BRUISING AND ABRASIONS
➤ FRACTURES
➤ WORK-RELATED UPPER LIMB DISORDERS (WRULDS)
➤ RHEUMATISM
Manual handling – there are many potential hazards.
Main injury sites caused by manual handling accidents.
CHASTITY LAVIGNE TORRENTO
MANUAL HANDLING TECHNIQUES ARE:
➤ MUSCULAR SPRAINS AND STRAINS
➤ BACK INJURIES
➤ TRAPPED NERVE
➤ HERNIA
➤ CUTS, BRUISING AND ABRASIONS
➤ FRACTURES
➤ WORK-RELATED UPPER LIMB DISORDERS (WRULDS)
➤ RHEUMATISM
Manual handling – there are many potential hazards.
Main injury sites caused by manual handling accidents.
CHASTITY LAVIGNE TORRENTO
CHASTITY LAVIGNE TORRENTO
10.3 : MANUAL HANDLING RISK ASSESSMENT
identifies and evaluates potential risks associated with lifting, carrying, and
moving loads by hand. It aims to prevent injuries by analyzing tasks, loads,
environment, and individual capabilities, recommending measures to mitigate
identified risks.
10.3 : MANUAL HANDLING RISK ASSESSMENT
identifies and evaluates potential risks associated with lifting, carrying, and
moving loads by hand. It aims to prevent injuries by analyzing tasks, loads,
environment, and individual capabilities, recommending measures to mitigate
identified risks.
TASK LOAD
WORK
ENVIRONMENT
INDIVIDUAL
Distance
Posture
Height
Weight
Size
Distance
Space Constraints
Slippery/Uneven Floor
Variation in Levels
Poor Lighting Condition
Strength
Height
Health
Recent Circumstances
FOUR FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN MANUAL
HANDLING ASSESSMENT
CHASTITY LAVIGNE TORRENTO
WORK
ENVIRONMENT
INDIVIDUAL
Distance
Posture
Height
Weight
Size
Distance
Space Constraints
Slippery/Uneven Floor
Variation in Levels
Poor Lighting Condition
Strength
Height
Health
Recent Circumstances
FOUR FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN MANUAL
HANDLING ASSESSMENT
CHASTITY LAVIGNE TORRENTO
10.4 Safety in the use of lifting and moving
equipment
Ramos, Jason Lyle B.
equipment
Ramos, Jason Lyle B.
10.4.1 POSITIONING AND INSTALLATION OF LIFTING
EQUIPMENT
LIFTING EQUIPMENT MUST BE POSITIONED AND INSTALLED
SO AS TO REDUCE THE RISKS, SO FAR AS IS REASONABLY
PRACTICABLE, FROM:
➤ EQUIPMENT OR A LOAD STRIKING ANOTHER PERSON
➤ A LOAD DRIFTING, FALLING FREELY OR BEING RELEASED
UNINTENTIONALLY AND IT IS OTHERWISE SAFE.
EQUIPMENT
LIFTING EQUIPMENT MUST BE POSITIONED AND INSTALLED
SO AS TO REDUCE THE RISKS, SO FAR AS IS REASONABLY
PRACTICABLE, FROM:
➤ EQUIPMENT OR A LOAD STRIKING ANOTHER PERSON
➤ A LOAD DRIFTING, FALLING FREELY OR BEING RELEASED
UNINTENTIONALLY AND IT IS OTHERWISE SAFE.
10.4.2 THE ORGANIZATION OF LIFTING
OPERATIONS
EVERY LIFTING OPERATION, THAT IS LIFTING OR
LOWERING OF A LOAD, SHALL BE:
➤ PROPERLY PLANNED BY A COMPETENT PERSON ➤
APPROPRIATELY SUPERVISED
➤ CARRIED OUT IN A SAFE MANNER.
OPERATIONS
EVERY LIFTING OPERATION, THAT IS LIFTING OR
LOWERING OF A LOAD, SHALL BE:
➤ PROPERLY PLANNED BY A COMPETENT PERSON ➤
APPROPRIATELY SUPERVISED
➤ CARRIED OUT IN A SAFE MANNER.
10.4.3 SUMMARY OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
LIFTING OPERATIONS
THERE ARE FOUR GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL
LIFTING OPERATIONS:
➤ STRONG, STABLE AND SUITABLE LIFTING EQUIPMENT
➤ THE EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE POSITIONED AND
INSTALLED CORRECTLY
➤ THE EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE VISIBLY MARKED WITH THE
SAFE WORKING LOAD
➤ LIFTING OPERATIONS MUST BE PLANNED, SUPERVISED
AND PERFORMED IN A SAFE MANNER BY COMPETENT
PEOPLE.
LIFTING OPERATIONS
THERE ARE FOUR GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL
LIFTING OPERATIONS:
➤ STRONG, STABLE AND SUITABLE LIFTING EQUIPMENT
➤ THE EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE POSITIONED AND
INSTALLED CORRECTLY
➤ THE EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE VISIBLY MARKED WITH THE
SAFE WORKING LOAD
➤ LIFTING OPERATIONS MUST BE PLANNED, SUPERVISED
AND PERFORMED IN A SAFE MANNER BY COMPETENT
PEOPLE.
10.5 Types of mechanical handling and
lifting equipment
Ramos, Jason Lyle B.
lifting equipment
Ramos, Jason Lyle B.
10.5 TYPES OF MECHANICAL HANDLING AND
LIFTING EQUIPMENT
There are four elements to mechanical handling,
each of which can present hazards. These are:
handling equipment
the load
the workplace
the employees involved.
LIFTING EQUIPMENT
There are four elements to mechanical handling,
each of which can present hazards. These are:
handling equipment
the load
the workplace
the employees involved.
10.5.1 CONVEYORS AND ELEVATORS
Conveyors transport loads along a given level
which may not be completely horizontal,
whereas elevators move loads from one level or
floor to another.
There are three common forms of conveyor –
belt, roller and screw conveyors. The most
common hazards and preventative measures
are:
Conveyors transport loads along a given level
which may not be completely horizontal,
whereas elevators move loads from one level or
floor to another.
There are three common forms of conveyor –
belt, roller and screw conveyors. The most
common hazards and preventative measures
are:
10.5.1 CONVEYORS AND ELEVATORS
➤ the in-running nip, where a hand is trapped
between the rotating rollers and the belt.
Protection from this hazard can be provided by nip
guards and trip devices
➤ entanglement with the power drive requiring the
fitting of fixed guards and the restriction of loose
clothing which could become caught in the drive
➤ loads falling from the conveyor. This can be
avoided by edge guards and barriers
➤ the in-running nip, where a hand is trapped
between the rotating rollers and the belt.
Protection from this hazard can be provided by nip
guards and trip devices
➤ entanglement with the power drive requiring the
fitting of fixed guards and the restriction of loose
clothing which could become caught in the drive
➤ loads falling from the conveyor. This can be
avoided by edge guards and barriers
10.5.1 CONVEYORS AND ELEVATORS
➤ impact against overhead systems. Protection
against this hazard may be given by the use of bump
caps, warning signs and restricted access
➤ contact hazards prevented by the removal of
sharp edges, conveyor edge protection and
restricted access
➤ manual handling hazards
➤ noise and vibration hazards.
➤ impact against overhead systems. Protection
against this hazard may be given by the use of bump
caps, warning signs and restricted access
➤ contact hazards prevented by the removal of
sharp edges, conveyor edge protection and
restricted access
➤ manual handling hazards
➤ noise and vibration hazards.
10.5.1 CONVEYORS AND ELEVATORS
Screw conveyors, often used to move very viscous
substances, must be provided with either fixed
guards or covers to prevent accidental access.
People should be prohibited from riding on belt
conveyors and emergency trip wires or stop buttons
must be fitted and be operational at all times.
Screw conveyors, often used to move very viscous
substances, must be provided with either fixed
guards or covers to prevent accidental access.
People should be prohibited from riding on belt
conveyors and emergency trip wires or stop buttons
must be fitted and be operational at all times.
10.5.1 CONVEYORS AND ELEVATORS
Elevators are used to transport goods between
floors, such as the transportation of building bricks
to upper storeys during the construction of a building
or the transportation of grain sacks into the loft of a
barn. Guards should be fi tted at either end of the
elevator and around the power drive. The most
common hazard is injury due to loads falling from
elevators. There are also
Elevators are used to transport goods between
floors, such as the transportation of building bricks
to upper storeys during the construction of a building
or the transportation of grain sacks into the loft of a
barn. Guards should be fi tted at either end of the
elevator and around the power drive. The most
common hazard is injury due to loads falling from
elevators. There are also
10.6 Requirements for the statutory
examination of lifting equipment
Ramos, Jason Lyle B.
examination of lifting equipment
Ramos, Jason Lyle B.
10.6 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE STATUTORY
EXAMINATION OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT
The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment
Regulations specify examinations required for lifting
equipment by using two terms:
an inspection and
a thorough examination.
Both terms are defined by the HSE in guidance
accompanying various regulations.
EXAMINATION OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT
The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment
Regulations specify examinations required for lifting
equipment by using two terms:
an inspection and
a thorough examination.
Both terms are defined by the HSE in guidance
accompanying various regulations.
INSPECTION
It is used to identify whether the equipment can be
operated, adjusted and maintained safely so that any
defect, damage or wear can be detected before it
results in unacceptable risks. It is normally performed
by a competent person appointed by the employer
(often an employee).
10.6 REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE STATUTORY
EXAMINATION OF LIFTING
EQUIPMENT
A THOROUGH EXAMINATION
It is a detailed examination, which may involve a visual
check, a disassembly and testing of components
and/or an equipment test under operating conditions.
Such an examination must normally be carried out by
a competent person who is independent of the
employer. The examination is usually carried out
according to a written scheme and a written report is
submitted to the employer.
It is used to identify whether the equipment can be
operated, adjusted and maintained safely so that any
defect, damage or wear can be detected before it
results in unacceptable risks. It is normally performed
by a competent person appointed by the employer
(often an employee).
10.6 REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE STATUTORY
EXAMINATION OF LIFTING
EQUIPMENT
A THOROUGH EXAMINATION
It is a detailed examination, which may involve a visual
check, a disassembly and testing of components
and/or an equipment test under operating conditions.
Such an examination must normally be carried out by
a competent person who is independent of the
employer. The examination is usually carried out
according to a written scheme and a written report is
submitted to the employer.
Thorough Examination
A thorough examination of lifting equipment
should be undertaken at the following times:
➤ before the equipment is used for the first time
➤ after it has been assembled at a new location
➤ at least every 6 months for equipment for
lifting persons or a lifting accessory
➤ at least every 12 months for all other lifting
equipment including the lifting of loads over
people
➤ in accordance with a particular examination
scheme drawn up by an independent competent
person
➤ each time that exceptional circumstances,
which are likely to jeopardize the safety of the
lifting equipment, have occurred (such as severe
weather).
10.6 Requirements for the
statutory examination of
lifting equipment
The person making the thorough examination
of lifting equipment must:
➤ notify the employer forthwith of any
defect which, in their opinion, is or could
become dangerous
➤ as soon as practicable (within 28 days)
write an authenticated report to the employer
and any person who leased or hired the
equipment.
A thorough examination of lifting equipment
should be undertaken at the following times:
➤ before the equipment is used for the first time
➤ after it has been assembled at a new location
➤ at least every 6 months for equipment for
lifting persons or a lifting accessory
➤ at least every 12 months for all other lifting
equipment including the lifting of loads over
people
➤ in accordance with a particular examination
scheme drawn up by an independent competent
person
➤ each time that exceptional circumstances,
which are likely to jeopardize the safety of the
lifting equipment, have occurred (such as severe
weather).
10.6 Requirements for the
statutory examination of
lifting equipment
The person making the thorough examination
of lifting equipment must:
➤ notify the employer forthwith of any
defect which, in their opinion, is or could
become dangerous
➤ as soon as practicable (within 28 days)
write an authenticated report to the employer
and any person who leased or hired the
equipment.
CHAPTER 11
WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS
AND CONTROL
WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS
AND CONTROL
Typical machinery safety notice
This chapter tackles about the comprehensive
scope and key requirements for work equipment
outlined in Parts II and III of the Provision and Use
of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER).
This chapter tackles about the comprehensive
scope and key requirements for work equipment
outlined in Parts II and III of the Provision and Use
of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER).
When work equipment is given, it must meet
criteria covering both its usage in the
workplace and its delivery as new or used
machinery. This will include:
Initial Integrity1.
Location where it will be used.2.
Purpose of usage.3.
SUITABILITY OF WORK EQUIPMENT
AND CE MARKING
Two groups of law that deal with the
provision of work equipment:
Supply Law1.
User Law2.
criteria covering both its usage in the
workplace and its delivery as new or used
machinery. This will include:
Initial Integrity1.
Location where it will be used.2.
Purpose of usage.3.
SUITABILITY OF WORK EQUIPMENT
AND CE MARKING
Two groups of law that deal with the
provision of work equipment:
Supply Law1.
User Law2.
CE MARKING
Employers are required under the "user" law to supply
safe equipment of the appropriate kind, guarantee that
it is used appropriately, and keep it maintained in a safe
manner. When purchasing new equipment, the "user"
must ensure that the equipment conforms with all
applicable "supply" law before using the machine, the
user has to make sure it's safe.
Employers are required under the "user" law to supply
safe equipment of the appropriate kind, guarantee that
it is used appropriately, and keep it maintained in a safe
manner. When purchasing new equipment, the "user"
must ensure that the equipment conforms with all
applicable "supply" law before using the machine, the
user has to make sure it's safe.
Identify potential health and safety hazards that might occur when using the
machine.
1.
Evaluate the possible risks associated with these hazards.2.
If hazards can't be eliminated, implement safety measures (such as guards on
dangerous parts or noise enclosures).
3.
If safety measures aren't enough, use warning signs on the machine to alert users
of any remaining hazards.
4.
Issue a “Declaration of Conformity”.5.
Providing instructions for the user on how to use.6.
MANUFACTURER RESPONSBILITIES:
machine.
1.
Evaluate the possible risks associated with these hazards.2.
If hazards can't be eliminated, implement safety measures (such as guards on
dangerous parts or noise enclosures).
3.
If safety measures aren't enough, use warning signs on the machine to alert users
of any remaining hazards.
4.
Issue a “Declaration of Conformity”.5.
Providing instructions for the user on how to use.6.
MANUFACTURER RESPONSBILITIES:
Note before buying a new equipment:
Where and how it will be used.
1
What it will be used for.
2
Who will use it?
3
Where and how it will be used.
1
What it will be used for.
2
Who will use it?
3
USE AND MAINTENANCE OF
EQUIPMENT WITH SPECIFI C RISKS
The hierarchy of controls should be adopted to reduce the risks by:
➤ Eliminating the risks or, if this is not possible.
➤ Taking physical measures to control the risks such as guards, but if the risks cannot
be adequately controlled
➤ Taking appropriate software measures, such as a safe system of work.
EQUIPMENT WITH SPECIFI C RISKS
The hierarchy of controls should be adopted to reduce the risks by:
➤ Eliminating the risks or, if this is not possible.
➤ Taking physical measures to control the risks such as guards, but if the risks cannot
be adequately controlled
➤ Taking appropriate software measures, such as a safe system of work.
INSTRUCTION
AND TRAINING
People using and maintaining work equipment, where
there are residual risks that cannot be sufficiently
reduced by physical means, require enough
information, instruction and training to operate safely.
Information and Instructions
are likely to come from the manufacturer in the form of
operating and maintenance manuals
up to the employer to ensure that what is provided is easily
understood, set out logically with illustrations and standard
symbols where appropriate
INFORMATION
AND TRAINING
People using and maintaining work equipment, where
there are residual risks that cannot be sufficiently
reduced by physical means, require enough
information, instruction and training to operate safely.
Information and Instructions
are likely to come from the manufacturer in the form of
operating and maintenance manuals
up to the employer to ensure that what is provided is easily
understood, set out logically with illustrations and standard
symbols where appropriate
INFORMATION
The extent of the
information and
instructions will depend
on the complexity of the
equipment and the
specific risks associated
with its use.
All safety and health aspects
Any limitations on the use of the equipment
Safe methods to deal with the problems
Any relevant experience with the
equipment that would reduce the risks or
help others to work more safely, should be
recorded and circulated to everyone
concerned.
Any foreseeable problems that could occur
information and
instructions will depend
on the complexity of the
equipment and the
specific risks associated
with its use.
All safety and health aspects
Any limitations on the use of the equipment
Safe methods to deal with the problems
Any relevant experience with the
equipment that would reduce the risks or
help others to work more safely, should be
recorded and circulated to everyone
concerned.
Any foreseeable problems that could occur
the complexity and level of risk involved in
using or maintaining the equipment
the experience and skills of the person
doing the work, whether it is normal use
or maintenance
AMOUNT OF TRAINING
Supervisors and
managers also require
adequate training to
carry out their function,
particularly if they only
supervise a particular
task occasionally.
using or maintaining the equipment
the experience and skills of the person
doing the work, whether it is normal use
or maintenance
AMOUNT OF TRAINING
Supervisors and
managers also require
adequate training to
carry out their function,
particularly if they only
supervise a particular
task occasionally.
The amount of maintenance will be stipulated in
the manufacturers’ instructions and will depend on
the amount of use, the working environment and
the type of equipment.
MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION
MAINTENANCE
High speed, high risk machines may require very
frequent maintenance, whereas a simple hand tool
may require very little.
the manufacturers’ instructions and will depend on
the amount of use, the working environment and
the type of equipment.
MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION
MAINTENANCE
High speed, high risk machines may require very
frequent maintenance, whereas a simple hand tool
may require very little.
TECHNIQUES FOR
MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SCHEMES
Preventative Planned
Maintenance
Condition Based
Maintenance
Breakdown Based
Maintenance
involves replacing parts and
consumables or making
necessary adjustments at
preset intervals normally set
by the manufacturer.
involves monitoring the
condition of critical parts
and carrying out
maintenance whenever
necessary.
only acceptable if the failure
does not present an immediate
hazard and can be corrected
before the risk is increased.
MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SCHEMES
Preventative Planned
Maintenance
Condition Based
Maintenance
Breakdown Based
Maintenance
involves replacing parts and
consumables or making
necessary adjustments at
preset intervals normally set
by the manufacturer.
involves monitoring the
condition of critical parts
and carrying out
maintenance whenever
necessary.
only acceptable if the failure
does not present an immediate
hazard and can be corrected
before the risk is increased.
OPERATION AND WORK ENVIRONMENT
To operate work equipment safely it must be fitted with:
Easily reached and operated controls
Kept stable
Properly lit
Kept clear
Provided with adequate markings and warning signs.
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)
➤ Be easily reached from the operating positions.
➤ Not permit accidental starting of equipment.
➤ Move in the same direction as the motion being controlled.
➤ vary in mode, shape and direction of movement to prevent inadvertent operation of
the wrong control.
➤ incorporate adequate red emergency stop buttons.
➤ incorporate adequate red emergency stop buttons, of the mushroom headed
type with lock-off.
To operate work equipment safely it must be fitted with:
Easily reached and operated controls
Kept stable
Properly lit
Kept clear
Provided with adequate markings and warning signs.
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)
➤ Be easily reached from the operating positions.
➤ Not permit accidental starting of equipment.
➤ Move in the same direction as the motion being controlled.
➤ vary in mode, shape and direction of movement to prevent inadvertent operation of
the wrong control.
➤ incorporate adequate red emergency stop buttons.
➤ incorporate adequate red emergency stop buttons, of the mushroom headed
type with lock-off.
Responsibilities of user of work equipment:
Section 7 of the HSW (Health, Safety
& Wellbeing) Act.
USER RESPONSIBILITIES
Take Reasonable Care for
Themselves and Others
Cooperate with Employers
Responsibilities Under Regulation
14 of the Management Regulations
Use Equipment
Properly
Inform Employers of
Dangerous Situations
Report Shortcomings in
Protection Arrangements
Section 7 of the HSW (Health, Safety
& Wellbeing) Act.
USER RESPONSIBILITIES
Take Reasonable Care for
Themselves and Others
Cooperate with Employers
Responsibilities Under Regulation
14 of the Management Regulations
Use Equipment
Properly
Inform Employers of
Dangerous Situations
Report Shortcomings in
Protection Arrangements
Safe Use and Maintenance of Hand Tools and Hand-Held Tools
HAND TOOLS HAND-HELD TOOLS
Hand tools are tools that are powered
manually rather than by electricity or other
power sources.
Hazards from Misuse or Poor
Maintenance of Hand Tools:
Broken handles Slipping tools Poor quality handles
Control Measures for Hand Tools:
Suitability - Ensure all tools are appropriate for their
intended use.
Inspection - Regular checks and maintenance.
Training - Proper training for all tool users.
Portable tools that can be operated
with one or both hands.
Hazards from Misuse or Poor
Maintenance of Hand-Held tools:
Mechanical
Entanglement
Contact with
Blades or Bits Eye Hazards
Control Measures for Hand Held Tools:
Safety Instructions and Controls - Adhering to safety
measures is essential to mitigate risks.
HAND TOOLS HAND-HELD TOOLS
Hand tools are tools that are powered
manually rather than by electricity or other
power sources.
Hazards from Misuse or Poor
Maintenance of Hand Tools:
Broken handles Slipping tools Poor quality handles
Control Measures for Hand Tools:
Suitability - Ensure all tools are appropriate for their
intended use.
Inspection - Regular checks and maintenance.
Training - Proper training for all tool users.
Portable tools that can be operated
with one or both hands.
Hazards from Misuse or Poor
Maintenance of Hand-Held tools:
Mechanical
Entanglement
Contact with
Blades or Bits Eye Hazards
Control Measures for Hand Held Tools:
Safety Instructions and Controls - Adhering to safety
measures is essential to mitigate risks.
Crushing Hazards
MECHANICAL
MACHINARY
HAZARDS
Most machinery has the
potential to cause injury to
people, and machinery
accidents figure
prominently in official
accident statistics.
The hazards of machinery
are set out in BS EN ISO
12100 – Part 2: 2003 which
covers the classification of
machinery hazards and
how harm may occur. The
following machinery
hazards follow this
standard.
11.9
Shear Hazards
Cutting Hazards
through being trapped between a moving part
of a machine and a fixed structure, such as a
wall or any material in a machine.
which traps part of the body, typically a hand or
fingers, between moving and fixed parts of the
machine.
through contact with a cutting edge, such as a
band saw or rotating cutting disc.
MECHANICAL
MACHINARY
HAZARDS
Most machinery has the
potential to cause injury to
people, and machinery
accidents figure
prominently in official
accident statistics.
The hazards of machinery
are set out in BS EN ISO
12100 – Part 2: 2003 which
covers the classification of
machinery hazards and
how harm may occur. The
following machinery
hazards follow this
standard.
11.9
Shear Hazards
Cutting Hazards
through being trapped between a moving part
of a machine and a fixed structure, such as a
wall or any material in a machine.
which traps part of the body, typically a hand or
fingers, between moving and fixed parts of the
machine.
through contact with a cutting edge, such as a
band saw or rotating cutting disc.
Hazards of mobile equipment
MOBILE WORK
EQUIPMENT
The main purpose of the
mobile work equipment
PUWER 1998 Part III,
Regulations 25 to 30 is to
require additional
precautions relating to
work equipment while it is
travelling from one
location to another or
where it does work while
moving.
11.10
Employees carried on mobile work equipment – Regulation 25
Rolling over of mobile work equipment
Injuries from mobile equipment are predominantly related
to:
Poor visibility because of dirty mirrors and windows or
loads which obstruct the drivers’ view
No employee may be carried on mobile work equipment
unless:
Where there is a signifi cant risk of falling materials fi t
falling-object protective structures (FOPS)
Where there is a risk of overturning it must be
minimized by:
stabilizing the equipment
MOBILE WORK
EQUIPMENT
The main purpose of the
mobile work equipment
PUWER 1998 Part III,
Regulations 25 to 30 is to
require additional
precautions relating to
work equipment while it is
travelling from one
location to another or
where it does work while
moving.
11.10
Employees carried on mobile work equipment – Regulation 25
Rolling over of mobile work equipment
Injuries from mobile equipment are predominantly related
to:
Poor visibility because of dirty mirrors and windows or
loads which obstruct the drivers’ view
No employee may be carried on mobile work equipment
unless:
Where there is a signifi cant risk of falling materials fi t
falling-object protective structures (FOPS)
Where there is a risk of overturning it must be
minimized by:
stabilizing the equipment
Rollover and falling object protection (ROPS and FOPS)
Fork lift trucks
Safe driving
Rollover protective structures are now becoming much
more affordable and available for most types of mobile
equipment where there is a high risk of turning over.
The mast of a vertical-masted fork lift truck will generally
prevent it turning over by more than 90º, provided it has
suffi cient strength and dimensions for this purpose.
Drivers have an important role to play in the safe
use of mobile equipment.
Fork lift trucks
Safe driving
Rollover protective structures are now becoming much
more affordable and available for most types of mobile
equipment where there is a high risk of turning over.
The mast of a vertical-masted fork lift truck will generally
prevent it turning over by more than 90º, provided it has
suffi cient strength and dimensions for this purpose.
Drivers have an important role to play in the safe
use of mobile equipment.
NON-MECHANICAL
MACHINERY
HAZARDS
11.11
In many cases it will be practicable to install safeguards
which protect the operator from both mechanical and non-
mechanical hazards.
Non-mechanical hazards include:
lifting and handling
fire and explosion
noise and vibration
pressure and vacuum
MACHINERY
HAZARDS
11.11
In many cases it will be practicable to install safeguards
which protect the operator from both mechanical and non-
mechanical hazards.
Non-mechanical hazards include:
lifting and handling
fire and explosion
noise and vibration
pressure and vacuum
11.12 EXAMPLES OF MACHINERY HAZARDS
Office - document shredder
drawing in between the rotating cutters when
feeding paper into shredder.
contact with the rotating cutters when emptying
the waste container.
electrical through faulty plug and wiring.
noise from the cutting action of the machine.
possible dust from the cutting action.
Office - photocopier
contact with moving parts when clearing a jam.
contact with electrical when clearing a jam.
contact with heat or hot parts when clearing a jam.
health hazard from ozone or lack of ventilation.
Office - document shredder
drawing in between the rotating cutters when
feeding paper into shredder.
contact with the rotating cutters when emptying
the waste container.
electrical through faulty plug and wiring.
noise from the cutting action of the machine.
possible dust from the cutting action.
Office - photocopier
contact with moving parts when clearing a jam.
contact with electrical when clearing a jam.
contact with heat or hot parts when clearing a jam.
health hazard from ozone or lack of ventilation.
EXAMPLES OF MACHINERY HAZARDS
Manufacting and Maintenance - bench top
grinding machine
contact with rotating wheel causing abrasion
drawing in between the rotating wheel
bursting of the wheel or fragments
electrical through faulty wiring
hot fragments and health hazard.
Manufacting and Maintenance - bench top
grinding machine
contact with rotating wheel causing abrasion
drawing in between the rotating wheel
bursting of the wheel or fragments
electrical through faulty wiring
hot fragments and health hazard.
EXAMPLES OF MACHINERY HAZARDS
Manufacturing and Maintenance - pedestal
drill
entanglement around the spindle and chuck
being struck by work-piece
being cut from fragments ejected from the machine
drawing in to the rotating drive belt and pulley
electrical and health hazard.
Manufacturing and Maintenance - pedestal
drill
entanglement around the spindle and chuck
being struck by work-piece
being cut from fragments ejected from the machine
drawing in to the rotating drive belt and pulley
electrical and health hazard.
EXAMPLES OF MACHINERY HAZARDS
Agriculture/horticultural - cylinder mower
trapping hands in the shear caused by rotating cutters
contact and entanglement with moving parts
drawing in between chain and sprocket
burns, noise hazard, and cutting injuries.
Agriculture/horticultural - brush
cutter/strimmer
entanglement with rotating parts of motor and shaft
cutting from contact with cutting head/line
burns, noise hazard, and health hazard
eye and face puncture wounds from ejected particles
Agriculture/horticultural - cylinder mower
trapping hands in the shear caused by rotating cutters
contact and entanglement with moving parts
drawing in between chain and sprocket
burns, noise hazard, and cutting injuries.
Agriculture/horticultural - brush
cutter/strimmer
entanglement with rotating parts of motor and shaft
cutting from contact with cutting head/line
burns, noise hazard, and health hazard
eye and face puncture wounds from ejected particles
EXAMPLES OF MACHINERY HAZARDS
Chainsaw
cut from high speed cutting chain
kick back due to being caught on the wood
being cut
eye and face puncture, electric shock, and falls
from height
burns, high noise levels, and health hazard.
Chainsaw
cut from high speed cutting chain
kick back due to being caught on the wood
being cut
eye and face puncture, electric shock, and falls
from height
burns, high noise levels, and health hazard.
EXAMPLES OF MACHINERY HAZARDS
Retail - Compactor
crushing hazard between ram and the machine sides
entanglement with moving parts of pump motor
failure of hydraulic hoses causing puncture to eyes
falling of vertical ram, electrical hazard and handling
hazard.
Retail - Checkout conveyor system
entanglement with belt fasteners if fitted and motor
drive
drawing in between belt and rollers if under tension
drawing in between drive belt and pulley
electrical hazard from faulty wiring.
Retail - Compactor
crushing hazard between ram and the machine sides
entanglement with moving parts of pump motor
failure of hydraulic hoses causing puncture to eyes
falling of vertical ram, electrical hazard and handling
hazard.
Retail - Checkout conveyor system
entanglement with belt fasteners if fitted and motor
drive
drawing in between belt and rollers if under tension
drawing in between drive belt and pulley
electrical hazard from faulty wiring.
EXAMPLES OF MACHINERY HAZARDS
Construction - cement/concrete mixer
contact and entanglement with moving parts of the
motor
crushing between loading hopper and drum
drawing in between chain and sprocket drives
electrical, burns, noise hazard, eye injury and health
hazards.
Construction - cement/concrete mixer
contact and entanglement with moving parts of the
motor
crushing between loading hopper and drum
drawing in between chain and sprocket drives
electrical, burns, noise hazard, eye injury and health
hazards.
EXAMPLES OF MACHINERY HAZARDS
Construction - bench-mounted circular saw
contact with cutting blade above and below the bench
ejection of work-piece
contact and entanglement with moving parts of the
motor
noise hazards, health hazards, and electric shock.
Construction - bench-mounted circular saw
contact with cutting blade above and below the bench
ejection of work-piece
contact and entanglement with moving parts of the
motor
noise hazards, health hazards, and electric shock.
11.13
PRACTICAL
SAFEGUARDS
PRACTICAL
SAFEGUARDS
PROVISION AND USE OF WORK EQUIPMENT REGULATIONS
requires that access to dangerous parts of
machinery should be prevented in a preferred
order or hierarchy of control methods.
PROVISION AND USE OF WORK EQUIPMENT REGULATIONS
requires that access to dangerous parts of
machinery should be prevented in a preferred
order or hierarchy of control methods.
LEVELS OF PROTECTION REQUIRED
Fixed enclosing guarding
Other guards or protection devices, such as
interlocked guards and pressure sensitive mats
protection appliances, such as jigs, holders, and
push-sticks
the provision of information, instruction, training
and supervision.
RISK REDUCTION
A physical barrier between individual and
component
A device which only allows access when the
component is in a safe state
A device which detects that the individual is
entering a risk area and then stops the machine.
Fixed enclosing guarding
Other guards or protection devices, such as
interlocked guards and pressure sensitive mats
protection appliances, such as jigs, holders, and
push-sticks
the provision of information, instruction, training
and supervision.
RISK REDUCTION
A physical barrier between individual and
component
A device which only allows access when the
component is in a safe state
A device which detects that the individual is
entering a risk area and then stops the machine.
FIXED GUARDS
simple, difficult to move, and
maintenance free.
It has no moving parts.
must be of robust construction and
sufficient to withstand stresses.
simple, difficult to move, and
maintenance free.
It has no moving parts.
must be of robust construction and
sufficient to withstand stresses.
ADJUSTABLE
GUARDS
User adjusted guardSelf-Adjusting guard
Adjustable guards, like fixed guards,
are permanent, but they can be
adjusted to allow the machine to
handle different sizes of material.
GUARDS
User adjusted guardSelf-Adjusting guard
Adjustable guards, like fixed guards,
are permanent, but they can be
adjusted to allow the machine to
handle different sizes of material.
INTERLOCKING
GUARDS
allow safe access to operate and
maintain
a guard which is movable whose
movement is connected with the
power or control system of a
machine.
GUARDS
allow safe access to operate and
maintain
a guard which is movable whose
movement is connected with the
power or control system of a
machine.
11.14
OTHER SAFETY
DEVICES
OTHER SAFETY
DEVICES
TRIP DEVICES
Detects when a person approaches
close to a danger point.
depends on the ability of the
machine to stop quickly or brake.
Detects when a person approaches
close to a danger point.
depends on the ability of the
machine to stop quickly or brake.
TWO-HANDED
CONTROL DEVICES
devices which requires the operator
to have both hands in the safe place
before the machine can be operated.
should follow the principles of two
handed controls.
CONTROL DEVICES
devices which requires the operator
to have both hands in the safe place
before the machine can be operated.
should follow the principles of two
handed controls.
HOLD-TO-RUN
CONTROL
a control which allows movement of
machinery only as long as the
control is held in a set position.
gives less protection to the operator
than two-handed controls
CONTROL
a control which allows movement of
machinery only as long as the
control is held in a set position.
gives less protection to the operator
than two-handed controls
Office - Photocopier
Machines have an all-
enclosing case to prevent
access to internal parts.
Access doors are interlocked
to switch off the machine for
jam clearing or maintenance;
it is advisable to turn off the
machine when opening.
Internal electrics are
insulated to prevent contact.
Regular inspection and
maintenance are required.
The machine should be
included in the PAT (Portable
Appliance Testing) schedule.
Ensure good ventilation in
the machine room.
The application of the safeguards
to the Certificate range of
machines is as follows:
Machines have an all-
enclosing case to prevent
access to internal parts.
Access doors are interlocked
to switch off the machine for
jam clearing or maintenance;
it is advisable to turn off the
machine when opening.
Internal electrics are
insulated to prevent contact.
Regular inspection and
maintenance are required.
The machine should be
included in the PAT (Portable
Appliance Testing) schedule.
Ensure good ventilation in
the machine room.
The application of the safeguards
to the Certificate range of
machines is as follows:
Offi ce – document shredder
Enclosed fixed guards restrict access
to cutters, allowing paper only.
Interlocks switch off the machine
when the waste bin is emptied.
A trip device automatically starts the
machine when paper is fed.
The machine should be on the PAT
(Portable Appliance Testing)
schedule and regularly checked.
General ventilation suffices for dust
control; large machines may need
dust extraction.
Check noise levels; use a rubber mat
if on a hard reflective floor.
Enclosed fixed guards restrict access
to cutters, allowing paper only.
Interlocks switch off the machine
when the waste bin is emptied.
A trip device automatically starts the
machine when paper is fed.
The machine should be on the PAT
(Portable Appliance Testing)
schedule and regularly checked.
General ventilation suffices for dust
control; large machines may need
dust extraction.
Check noise levels; use a rubber mat
if on a hard reflective floor.
Manufacturing and maintenance –
bench top grinder
Application of safeguards:
The wheel should be enclosed in a
strong casing to contain bursts.
Adjust the tool rest as close to the
wheel as possible.
Fit an adjustable screen over the
wheel and wear goggles for eye
protection.
Only trained personnel should
mount an abrasive wheel.
Mark the machine's maximum speed
to match the abrasive wheel.
Check noise levels and use
attenuating screens if needed.
Include the machine in the PAT
(Portable Appliance Testing)
schedule and perform regular
checks.
Fit extract ventilation to the wheel
casing to remove dust if necessary.
bench top grinder
Application of safeguards:
The wheel should be enclosed in a
strong casing to contain bursts.
Adjust the tool rest as close to the
wheel as possible.
Fit an adjustable screen over the
wheel and wear goggles for eye
protection.
Only trained personnel should
mount an abrasive wheel.
Mark the machine's maximum speed
to match the abrasive wheel.
Check noise levels and use
attenuating screens if needed.
Include the machine in the PAT
(Portable Appliance Testing)
schedule and perform regular
checks.
Fit extract ventilation to the wheel
casing to remove dust if necessary.
Manufacturing and maintenance –
pedestal drill
Application of safeguards
Fit the motor and drive with a fixed
guard.
Guard the spindle with an adjustable
guard fixed in position during use.
Ensure a clamp is available on the
pedestal base.
pedestal drill
Application of safeguards
Fit the motor and drive with a fixed
guard.
Guard the spindle with an adjustable
guard fixed in position during use.
Ensure a clamp is available on the
pedestal base.
Agricultural/horticultural – cylinder
mower
Fit the motor and drive with a fixed
guard.
Guard the spindle with an
adjustable guard fixed in position
during use.
Ensure a clamp is available on the
pedestal base.
Include the machine in the PAT
schedule and perform regular
checks.
Contain cutting fluid to avoid
contact with clothing or skin; a
splash guard may be needed.
The operator should wear goggles.
Operate with the grass collection box in place; fit a warning sign.
Pedestrian-controlled: control handle stops blade when hands are removed; two
actions to restart.
Ride-on: blades stop automatically when operator leaves seat; test switch regularly.
Encase drives and motor with a fixed guard.
Refuel outdoors with a cool engine using proper containers; no smoking.
Cover hot surfaces like the exhaust.
Application of Safeguards:
mower
Fit the motor and drive with a fixed
guard.
Guard the spindle with an
adjustable guard fixed in position
during use.
Ensure a clamp is available on the
pedestal base.
Include the machine in the PAT
schedule and perform regular
checks.
Contain cutting fluid to avoid
contact with clothing or skin; a
splash guard may be needed.
The operator should wear goggles.
Operate with the grass collection box in place; fit a warning sign.
Pedestrian-controlled: control handle stops blade when hands are removed; two
actions to restart.
Ride-on: blades stop automatically when operator leaves seat; test switch regularly.
Encase drives and motor with a fixed guard.
Refuel outdoors with a cool engine using proper containers; no smoking.
Cover hot surfaces like the exhaust.
Application of Safeguards:
Chainsaw
Run the engine only in open air to
avoid fume buildup.
Check noise levels; fit an improved
silencer and use hearing protection
if needed.
Use a dust mask to protect against
hay-fever-like symptoms from
grass cutting.
Agricultural/horticultural – brush cutter/strimmer
Application of safeguards:
Enclose moving engine parts.
Use a fixed drive shaft cover for rotating shafts.
Fit a fixed top guard on the cutting head extending towards the user.
Change lines automatically or with the engine off.
Run the engine only in open air.
Refuel outdoors with a proper container and pouring spout.
Wear steel toe cap boots with good grip, sturdy trousers, non-snagging upper garments, a hard hat fitted with
a full face screen, and safety glasses.
Run the engine only in open air to
avoid fume buildup.
Check noise levels; fit an improved
silencer and use hearing protection
if needed.
Use a dust mask to protect against
hay-fever-like symptoms from
grass cutting.
Agricultural/horticultural – brush cutter/strimmer
Application of safeguards:
Enclose moving engine parts.
Use a fixed drive shaft cover for rotating shafts.
Fit a fixed top guard on the cutting head extending towards the user.
Change lines automatically or with the engine off.
Run the engine only in open air.
Refuel outdoors with a proper container and pouring spout.
Wear steel toe cap boots with good grip, sturdy trousers, non-snagging upper garments, a hard hat fitted with
a full face screen, and safety glasses.
Wear suitable hearing protection if noise levels are high,
which is typical with petrol-driven units.
Balance low vibration characteristics with engine power and
work speed to minimize overall vibration exposure. Use anti-
vibration handles and flexible engine mountings. Limit work
periods for recovery.
Provide washing facilities and wear warm, impervious gloves
to guard against health risks.
Wear a properly constructed harness that comfortably
balances the machine's weight.
Agriculture/Horticulture – Chainsaw
Application of safeguards
Operate only by fully trained and competent individuals.
Tree work requires a relevant certificate of competence or national award, unless:
It's part of agricultural operations (e.g., hedging, clearing fallen branches).
Work is done by the occupier or their employees.
Operators have used a chainsaw before December 5, 1998.
Operators must be competent under POWER 98 for any chainsaw use in agriculture
or other industries.
which is typical with petrol-driven units.
Balance low vibration characteristics with engine power and
work speed to minimize overall vibration exposure. Use anti-
vibration handles and flexible engine mountings. Limit work
periods for recovery.
Provide washing facilities and wear warm, impervious gloves
to guard against health risks.
Wear a properly constructed harness that comfortably
balances the machine's weight.
Agriculture/Horticulture – Chainsaw
Application of safeguards
Operate only by fully trained and competent individuals.
Tree work requires a relevant certificate of competence or national award, unless:
It's part of agricultural operations (e.g., hedging, clearing fallen branches).
Work is done by the occupier or their employees.
Operators have used a chainsaw before December 5, 1998.
Operators must be competent under POWER 98 for any chainsaw use in agriculture
or other industries.
Avoid working alone; establish procedures for emergency
alerts:
Maintain regular contact via radio or telephone.
Ensure someone regularly visits the worksite.
Carry a whistle for emergency signaling.
Use an automatic signaling device set to send a signal unless
disabled.
For chainsaw safety and maintenance:
Ensure operators return to base or home at an agreed time.
Enclose moving engine parts.
Use double-insulated electrical units with residual current devices on cables.
Must have a top handle and effective brake mechanism.
Control noise and vibration risks with low-noise/vibration chainsaws, hearing protection, and proper
maintenance.
Implement purchasing policies for safer chainsaws and provide suitable hearing protection.
Establish maintenance schedules for chainsaws and protective equipment.
Provide information and training on health risks and proper use of PPE.
Maintain chainsaws in manufactured condition with all safety devices and guards in place.
Regularly service by competent personnel and train operators in chain sharpening and maintenance.
Conduct daily checks and report any damage or wear on components.
Use well-maintained, labeled petrol containers with secure caps and auto-filler spouts to prevent spillage.
Avoid dirt in the fuel system, securely replace filler caps, wipe up spills, and keep fuel containers away from
ignition sources during use.
alerts:
Maintain regular contact via radio or telephone.
Ensure someone regularly visits the worksite.
Carry a whistle for emergency signaling.
Use an automatic signaling device set to send a signal unless
disabled.
For chainsaw safety and maintenance:
Ensure operators return to base or home at an agreed time.
Enclose moving engine parts.
Use double-insulated electrical units with residual current devices on cables.
Must have a top handle and effective brake mechanism.
Control noise and vibration risks with low-noise/vibration chainsaws, hearing protection, and proper
maintenance.
Implement purchasing policies for safer chainsaws and provide suitable hearing protection.
Establish maintenance schedules for chainsaws and protective equipment.
Provide information and training on health risks and proper use of PPE.
Maintain chainsaws in manufactured condition with all safety devices and guards in place.
Regularly service by competent personnel and train operators in chain sharpening and maintenance.
Conduct daily checks and report any damage or wear on components.
Use well-maintained, labeled petrol containers with secure caps and auto-filler spouts to prevent spillage.
Avoid dirt in the fuel system, securely replace filler caps, wipe up spills, and keep fuel containers away from
ignition sources during use.
For chainsaw operation:
Do not use discarded engine oil as chain lubricant; it's ineffective and may pose health risks.
Maintain a safe distance from others when starting the saw and ensure the chain is clear.
Prevent kickback accidents by:
Avoiding contact of the guide bar nose with obstructions.
Not over-reaching and keeping the saw below chest height.
Holding the front handle correctly and using appropriate chain speed.
Use spiked bumper against the tree to avoid pull-in and be cautious of guide bar pinch to prevent
push-back.
Train in manual handling and use aids/tools to reduce back injury risks.
Before felling trees, ensure safety by:
Contacting owners of overhead power lines to discuss safety measures.
Checking for underground services and protecting public areas with warnings or traffic control.
Do not use discarded engine oil as chain lubricant; it's ineffective and may pose health risks.
Maintain a safe distance from others when starting the saw and ensure the chain is clear.
Prevent kickback accidents by:
Avoiding contact of the guide bar nose with obstructions.
Not over-reaching and keeping the saw below chest height.
Holding the front handle correctly and using appropriate chain speed.
Use spiked bumper against the tree to avoid pull-in and be cautious of guide bar pinch to prevent
push-back.
Train in manual handling and use aids/tools to reduce back injury risks.
Before felling trees, ensure safety by:
Contacting owners of overhead power lines to discuss safety measures.
Checking for underground services and protecting public areas with warnings or traffic control.
For chainsaw safety:
Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) regardless of job size. PPE
should meet European standards under EN 381 for chainsaw users.
Safety helmet to EN 397; arborists may use adapted rock climbing helmets when working from a
rope and harness.
Hearing protection to EN 352-1.
Eye protection: mesh visors to EN 1731 or safety glasses to EN 166.
Upper body protection: chainsaw jackets to BS EN 381-11.
Gloves to EN 381-7, selected based on task risks (chainsaw cuts, thorns, cold/wet conditions).
Leg protection: to EN 381-5; all-round protection recommended for arborists and occasional
users.
Chainsaw boots to BS EN ISO 20345:2004, marked with a chainsaw shield per EN 381-3; gaiters
with EN 381-9 for occasional users on even ground.
Consider additional protection with chainsaw jackets for higher risk tasks, balanced against
heat stress.
Wear suitable filtering face masks in dusty conditions.
Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) regardless of job size. PPE
should meet European standards under EN 381 for chainsaw users.
Safety helmet to EN 397; arborists may use adapted rock climbing helmets when working from a
rope and harness.
Hearing protection to EN 352-1.
Eye protection: mesh visors to EN 1731 or safety glasses to EN 166.
Upper body protection: chainsaw jackets to BS EN 381-11.
Gloves to EN 381-7, selected based on task risks (chainsaw cuts, thorns, cold/wet conditions).
Leg protection: to EN 381-5; all-round protection recommended for arborists and occasional
users.
Chainsaw boots to BS EN ISO 20345:2004, marked with a chainsaw shield per EN 381-3; gaiters
with EN 381-9 for occasional users on even ground.
Consider additional protection with chainsaw jackets for higher risk tasks, balanced against
heat stress.
Wear suitable filtering face masks in dusty conditions.
Retail – compactor
Application of safeguards
Access doors to the loading area must be
positively interlocked.
Hydraulic ram pressure should be dumped.
Motors should have proper guards.
Ram mechanism should be interlocked with the
waste unit.
Regular inspection and testing by a competent
person are required.
Application of safeguards
Access doors to the loading area must be
positively interlocked.
Hydraulic ram pressure should be dumped.
Motors should have proper guards.
Ram mechanism should be interlocked with the
waste unit.
Regular inspection and testing by a competent
person are required.
Concrete Mixer:
Enclose drum gearing; keep persons away from
rotating drum.
Prohibit standing on the machine while in motion.
Wear goggles to prevent cement splashes.
Exercise caution with flammable liquids and
refueling if petrol-driven.
Run engines only in open air.
Regularly check electric machines and include
them in the PAT schedule.
Check noise levels and fit noise attenuation
measures like silencers and damping if needed.
Enclose drum gearing; keep persons away from
rotating drum.
Prohibit standing on the machine while in motion.
Wear goggles to prevent cement splashes.
Exercise caution with flammable liquids and
refueling if petrol-driven.
Run engines only in open air.
Regularly check electric machines and include
them in the PAT schedule.
Check noise levels and fit noise attenuation
measures like silencers and damping if needed.
Construction – bench-mounted circular saw
Application of safeguards
Fit a fixed guard below the bench to the blade.
Install fixed guards on the motor and drives.
Use an adjustable top guard above the bench that
encloses the blade, with an adjustable front
section.
Include a riving knife behind the blade to prevent
timber ejection.
Apply noise attenuation measures such as
damping, quiet saw blades, and possibly
enclosures. Hearing protection may be necessary.
Provide protection against wet weather.
Regularly check electrical parts and all
mechanical guards.
Use extraction ventilation for wood dust and
shavings.
Wear suitable dust masks.
Application of safeguards
Fit a fixed guard below the bench to the blade.
Install fixed guards on the motor and drives.
Use an adjustable top guard above the bench that
encloses the blade, with an adjustable front
section.
Include a riving knife behind the blade to prevent
timber ejection.
Apply noise attenuation measures such as
damping, quiet saw blades, and possibly
enclosures. Hearing protection may be necessary.
Provide protection against wet weather.
Regularly check electrical parts and all
mechanical guards.
Use extraction ventilation for wood dust and
shavings.
Wear suitable dust masks.
Guards must be strong enough to resist forces and vibrations, and withstand impact.
Consider weight and size for easy removal and replacement during maintenance.
Ensure compatibility with materials and lubricants, and comply with hygiene and food
safety regulations.
Guards should provide visibility for operational and safety reasons.
Use guards for noise attenuation, avoiding resonance issues.
Enable free air flow as needed for ventilation.
Avoid additional hazards like sharp edges.
Design guards for ease of maintenance and cleanliness.
Ensure openings are sized and positioned to prevent access to danger zones, following
standards such as EN 294:1992, EN 349:1993, and EN 811:1997.
EN 294:1992/AC:1993 - SAFETY OF MACHINERY - SAFETY DISTANCES TO PREVENT
DANGER ZONES BEING REACHED BY THE UPPER LIMBS
EN 349:1993/A1:2008 - Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts
of the human body
EN 811:1997 - SAFETY OF MACHINERY. SAFETY DISTANCES TO PREVENT DANGER
ZONES BEING REACHED BY THE LOWER LIMBS.
Consider weight and size for easy removal and replacement during maintenance.
Ensure compatibility with materials and lubricants, and comply with hygiene and food
safety regulations.
Guards should provide visibility for operational and safety reasons.
Use guards for noise attenuation, avoiding resonance issues.
Enable free air flow as needed for ventilation.
Avoid additional hazards like sharp edges.
Design guards for ease of maintenance and cleanliness.
Ensure openings are sized and positioned to prevent access to danger zones, following
standards such as EN 294:1992, EN 349:1993, and EN 811:1997.
EN 294:1992/AC:1993 - SAFETY OF MACHINERY - SAFETY DISTANCES TO PREVENT
DANGER ZONES BEING REACHED BY THE UPPER LIMBS
EN 349:1993/A1:2008 - Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts
of the human body
EN 811:1997 - SAFETY OF MACHINERY. SAFETY DISTANCES TO PREVENT DANGER
ZONES BEING REACHED BY THE LOWER LIMBS.
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