CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI STOREY BUILDING.pptx

Project on civil engineering

1. CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI STOREY BUILDING

2. EARTHWORK

3. CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS

4. SURFACE EXCAVATION Surface excavation involves the removal of the exposed layer of the earth surface, including any vegetation or decaying matter which could make the soil compressible and therefore unsuitable for bearing structural loads. Hence the depth will be vary from site to site, usually range of 150-300 mm

5. EXCAVATION IN FOUNDATION TRENCHES OR DRAINS (ORDINARY ROCK) Excavation not exceeding 1.5 m in width or 10 m2 on plan to any depth in trenches (excluding trenches for pipes, cables, etc ) shall be described as excavation in trenches for foundations.

6. SHORING AND TIMBERING 11.1 All trenches exceeding 2.0 m in depth shall be securely shored and timbered as determined by the Engineer-in-charge. The above requirements do not apply in cases where the sides of the trenches are sloped to within 1.5 m of the bottom. The slope that is provided for such purposes shall be inspected and declared as stable.

7. FOUNDATION The general aim of foundation choice and design is to ensure that the loading intensity imposed on the soil does not exceed the safe bearing capacity of the soil. In addition the materials of foundation, such as, masonry, concrete, etc , should not be stressed for more than the limits specified in appropriate codes governing the structural design of such elements. The construction procedures should enable the aim of design in office to be realised in the field.

8. SPREAD FOUNDATIONS In spread foundations transfer of load is primarily through shear resistance of the bearing soil and they are normally laid to a depth of 3 m. Strip foundations provide continuous and longitudinal bearing of loads, such as, wall elements, beams and the like. The soil bearing capacity is limited for choice of such foundation. These foundations could be used for medium high structures of residential and commercial occupancy wi

9. STEPPED FOOTING SLOPED FOOTING PAD FOOTING

10. Ring foundation Ring foundation is a substructure supporting an arrangement of columns or walls and transmitting loads to the soil by means of a continuous Slab. Generally, these foundations could be used for tall structures, such as, silos, chimneys, water tanks, etc , which have a non-uniform distributed loads.

11. RAFT FOUNDATION Raft foundation is a substructure supporting an arrangement of columns or walls in a row and transmitting the loads to the soil by means of a continuous slab with or without openings or depressions. The foundations are useful where the soil has low bearing capacity. A raft (mat) foundation slab of uniform thickness is suitable for fairly small and uniform column spacing and when the supporting soil is not too compressible. The slab may be thickened for heavily loaded columns to provide adequate strength for shear and negative moment. A slab and beam type of raft is likely to be more economical for large column and unequal spacing of columns; particularly when the supporting soil is compressible.

12. PILE FOUNDATION The load transfer mechanism, piles transfer axial load either by friction along its shaft and/or subsequently by end bearing. Construction of pile foundations requires careful choice of piling system, depending on the subsoil conditions, the load characteristics, limitations of total settlement, differential settlement, etc.

13. Driven Cast in-situ Concrete Pile Driven cast in-situ piles are formed by driving a casing and filling it in the hole with plain or reinforced concrete. The casing may be temporary or permanent. The concrete may be rammed, vibrated or just poured. These piles find wide application where the pile required is taken to a greater depth to find adequate bearing strata or to develop adequate skin friction; and also when the length of individual piles cannot be pre-determined.

14. Bored Precast Concrete Pile These piles find wide application in chemically agressive soils and in high ground water conditions. These piles are protected even in such conditions because they are made by using dense, vibrated matured construction

15. Under-Reamed-Piles Under-reamed piles find wide application under the following conditions: When the site consists of expansive soils, like black cotton soil, the bulb provides additional anchorage against uplift due to swelling pressure impart from the increased bearing. In filled or otherwise weak strata overlying firm strata, enlarged base in the form of underreamed bulb provides larger bearing area and therefore piles of greater bearing capacity can be constructed. In loose to medium pervious sandy and silty strata, the process of compaction increases the bearing capacity of the pile.

16.    FRANKI PILE The  Franki piling  system (also called pressure-injected footing) is a method used to drive expanded base cast-in-situ concrete ( Franki )  piles