Container and closure for pharmaceutical

Container
Type of container
Closure
Type of closure
Assuring Quality of glass

1. CONTAINER AND CLOSURE FOR PHARMACEUTICAL Prepared by : Ashvin D. Bhoge Roll No : 517 M.PHARM (PQA) Subject : Pharmaceutical manufacturing technology Dr.D.Y . Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi

2. CONTENT Container Type of container Closure Type of closure Assuring Quality of glass

3. CONTAINER Container is defined as a object that can be used to hold or transport something . Pharmaceutical container is a device that hold the pharmaceutical product and it may or may not be in direct contact with it.

4. Type of Container Well closed container Single dose container

5. Multi dose container Light resistant container

6. Air tight container Aerosol container

7. Closure Closures are devices and techniques used to close or seal container such as a bottle, jug, jar, tube, can etc . Closures can be a cap, cover, lid, plug, et

8. Type of closure Screw top A screw closure is a mechanical device which is screwed on and off of a threaded "finish" on a container . Either continuous threads or lugs are used. Metal caps can be either preformed or in some instances, rolled on after application. Plastic caps may use several types of molded polymer.

9. Crown cap Beverage bottles are frequently closed with crown beverage caps. These are shallow metal caps that are crimped into locking position around the head of the bottle

10. Snap on Some closures snap on. For opening, the top is designed to pry off or, break off, or have a built in dispenser . Spray bottle A spray bottle is a bottle that can dispense, squirt, spray or mist fluids. A common use for spray bottles is dispensing cool cleaners, cosmetics , and chemical specialties .

11. Child-resistant Child-resistant packaging has special closures designed to reduce the risk of children ingesting dangerous items. This is often accomplished by the use of a special safety cap. It is required by regulation for prescription drugs, over the- counter medications, pesticides , an household chemicals .

12. Friction fit Some containers have a loose lid for a closure. Laboratory glassware often has ground glass joints that allow the pieces to be fitted together easily. An Interference fit or friction fit requires some force to close and open, providing additional security . Paint cans often have a friction fit plug.

13. Tamper-evident Resistance to tampering is required for some types of products. Container closures can be one of several layers of packaging to deter tampering and to provide evidence of attempts at tampering. Sometimes tamper resistance is obtained by or integral with the closure.

14. Assuring quality of glass There are various evaluation tests for assuring the Q uality of glass: Crushed glass test Whole container test Chemical resistant test Powdered glass test Water attack test

15. Crushed glass test The container is crushed and sieved to produce uniform particles of which a definite weight of taken. The control of the particle size and weight of powder ensures that a constant surface area is exposed to the solution. Because all of the glass (not just the surface layer) is examined and extraction is enhanced by the rough surfaces of the particles, this is a severe test, and, if a glass passes, it is unlikely that containers made from it will give trouble while in use. This test can be used for determining the nature of a glass or for distinguish between two types of glasses, such as neutral or surface – treated.

16. Whole-container test The containers are filled with the test solution and exposed to the test conditions. Glassware may pass the whole container test more easily because the surface layer of a container is smooth and less reactive . In this test, surface area does not increase as much as volume with the increase in container size , consequently, the small sized containers are more attacked by the leaching of the alkali from the surface.

17. Powder glass test From the glass containers, alkaline constituents (oxides of sodium, potassium , calcium, aluminium, etc.) are leached into purified water under conditions of elevated temperatures. When the glass is powdered the leaching of alkali can be enhanced in the powdered is critical. The principle involved in the powdered glass test in estimate the amount of alkali leached form the glass powder. The amount of acid that is necessary to neutralize the released alkali ( a specified limit) is specified in the pharmacopoeia. The basic analysis is acid-base titration using methyl red indicator.

18. Water attack test This test is used only with containers that have been exposed to sulphur dioxide fumes under controlled humidity conditions. Such a treatment neutralizes the surface alkali. Now the glass becomes chemically more resistant. The principle involved in the water attack test is to determine whether the alkali leached form the surface of a container is within the specified limits or not. Since the inner surface is under test entire container (ampoule) has to be used. The amount of acid that is necessary to neutralize the released alkali from the surface is estimated, the leaching of alkali is accelerated using elevated temperature for a specified time. Methyl red indicator is used to determine the end point. The basic is acid-base titration.

19. References Container and closure, INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA 1996, Volume-I (A-O ), Page no. 130, Published by the controller of publications, Delhi. https ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure_(container) https ://www.slideshare.net/rohillarajat/containers-closures https :// www.slideshare.net/PrincyAgarwal6/pharmaceuticalcontainers- and-closures-an-overview https:// hmc.usp.org/sites/default/files/documents/HMC/GCs- Pdfs /c671.pdf https :// www.pharmatutor.org/articles/quality-control-testingpackaging- materials?page =1%2C4

20. Thank you………….