Control systems engineering

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1. Basic Discussion On Control Systems Engineering Presented By: Anisur Rahman ID: 1402EEE00033 Department of EEE Manarat International University(MIU) Ashulia , Savar , Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1

2. Contents SL. No. Content 1 The Basics of Control Theory 2 Example in Real & Control Field ( Manual Vs Automatic Control) 3 Classification of control systems 4 Open control System 5 Process & Applications of Open Loop 6 Closed loop control System 7 Process & Applications of Closed Loop 8 Multi Variable Control System 9 Multi-loop feedback system 10 Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) System 11 Purpose of Control Systems 12 Steps for designing a control system 13 Control System Application examples 2

3. Control System Control is the process of causing a system variable to conform to some desired value. A control system is an interconnection of components forming a system configuration that will provide a desired system response. Control systems engineering  is the engineering discipline that applies control theory to design systems with desired behaviors . 3

4. Manual Vs Automatic Control Control is a process of causing a system variable such as temperature or position to conform to some desired value or trajectory, called reference value or trajectory. For example, driving a car implies controlling the vehicle to follow the desired path to arrive safely at a planned destination. If you are driving the car yourself , you are performing manual control of the car. If you use design a control system or use a computer to do it ( Like Google Car)then you have built an automatic control system. 4

5. Human System Pancreas Regulates blood glucose level Adrenaline Automatically generated to increase the heart rate and oxygen in times of flight Eye Follow moving object Hand Pick up an object and place it at a predetermined location Temperature Regulated temperature of 36°C to 37°C The Vetruvian Man 5

6. Block Diagram Component or process to be controlled can be represented by a block diagram . The input-output relationship represents the cause and effect of the process. Control systems can be classified into two categories: Open-loop control system Closed-loop feedback control system Process Output Input 6

7. Control System Classification An open-loop control system utilizes an actuating device to control the process directly without using feedback. A closed-loop feedback control system uses a measurement of the output and feedback of the output signal to compare it with the desired output or reference. Actuating Device Process Output Desired Output Response Desired Output Response Measurement Output Controller Process Comparison Single Input Single Output (SISO) System 7

8. 1. Open Loop Control System In an open loop control system, the input to the plant does not in any way depend on the current and past values of the output of the plant. Relatively simple and consequently low cost with generally good reliability. An open-loop control system is one in which the control action is independent of the output. 8

9. Applications of Open Loop Motor Low pass filter Inertia supported between two bearings Heater /boiler Cooking Oven Water valve system in a pool or sink 9

10. 2. Closed Loop Control System A closed-loop control system is one in which the control action is somehow dependent on the output ( Feedback) . Closed loop control system make the control system robust to uncertainty and disturbances . Feedback is that property of a closed-loop system which permits the output to be compared with the input to the system so that the appropriate control action may be formed as some function of the output and input. Basic Elements of a Closed Loop system: Comparison element Control element Correction Element Process element Measurement element 10

11. Closed Loop 11

12. Applications of Closed Loop D isk drive System Guided missiles Automatic gain control in radio receivers satellite tracking antenna, Etc. 12

13. Multi-loop feedback system with inner loop and outer loop 13

14. Multi Variable Control System 14

15. Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) System Desired Output Response Measurement Output Variables Controller Process Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) System 15

16. Purpose of Control Systems Power Amplification (Gain) Positioning of a large radar antenna by low-power rotation of a knob Remote Control Robotic arm used to pick up radioactive materials Convenience of Input Form Changing room temperature by thermostat position Compensation for Disturbances Controlling antenna position in the presence of large wind disturbance torque 16

17. General Control System Sensor Actuator Process Controller + + Set-point or Reference input Actual Output Error Controlled Signal Disturbance Manipulated Variable Feedback Signal + - + + 17

18. Control System Design Process 18

19. Control System Application Examples 19

20. Missile Launcher System Closed-Loop Feedback Control System 20

21. National Income Model 21

22. Boiler Generator 22

23. Rehabilitation Device 23

24. Motorcycle The block diagram of the speed control system of a motorcycle with a human driver. 24

25. END of the Slide Thanks To All 25