Conversion of plastic into fuel

Thermal power resources

1. Conversion of plastic into fuel r.Micheal ashwanth M.J.ARAVINDHARRAJ k.Kishoor kumar Iii year ., dept. of automobile engineering k.l.n.c.e

2. Abstract The global plastic production increased over years due to the vast applications of plastics in many sectors. The continuous demand of plastics caused the plastic wastes accumulation in the landfill consumed a lot of spaces that contributed to the environmental problem. The rising in plastics demand led to the depletion of petroleum as part of non-renewable fossil fuel since plastics were the petroleum-based material. Through extensive research and technology development, the plastic waste conversion to energy was developed.

3. Plastic Solid Waste (PSW) 260 million tons/yr of plastic are produced in the world. This figure rises at a rate of 5% yearly. 60% of all PSW goes to landfill. EU has already mandated that by 2020 all plastic waste must go to mechanical, thermal or chemical processing facilities. No more waste will be allowed in landfills. Plastic usage accounts for 4-8% of all fossil fuels yearly.

4. Thermal-Chemical Recycling Typically will reduce polymers down to monomers or create derivative petro-based chemicals. Common Processes Pyrolysis Gasification Liguid -Gas Hydrogenation Viscosity Breaking Steam or Catalytic Cracking Reduction Blast Furnaces

5. What is Pyrolysis ? Definition: Chemical decomposition of organic substances by heating to high temperatures Breaks “cracks” polymer chains into smaller chains under heat and pressure. Same reaction that happens when you inside the earth to form crude oil from organic matter. Greek-derived terminology Pryo -“Fire” Lysis -“decomposition”

6. Methodology After collecting waste plastic material it will be graded to uniform size using shredder and cutter. The graded feed will be mixed with catalyst and fed into reactor with suitable catalyst. will be heated to 400-500 o C at atmospheric pressure in presence of catalyst. plastic will change in to hydrocarbon. The gases hydrocarbon shall be condensed and separated into liquid and gaseous streams. Following parameters shall be analyzed as per standard ASTM methods.

7. Diagram of pyrolysis process

8. 3 Forms of Pryolysis Hydrous Pyrolysis : Known as Steam Cracking Heats organic compounds in presence of steam Temp: 300-350°C Pressure: <12MPa Time: 30+minProduct: Light Alkenes

9. Hydrothermal Liquefaction : Converting biomass to oily liquid Aqueous solvent remains liquid during process Temp: 300-350°CPressure: 12-20MPa Time: 30minProduct: Hydrocarbon slurry

10. Anhydrous Pyrolysis : Does not use any water just high temperature and pressure Temp: 350+°C Pressure: >12MPa Time: 30+minProduct: Biochar , light crude, gaseous alkenes

11. Products According to their different chemical structure, they can be named as B10 B20 B30 B40‘ B50 B60 B70 B70 B80 B90 B100

12. Brake power vs fuel consumption

13. Comparison of B20 VS diesel on CO2 emssion

14. Advantages (1) Problem of disposal of waste plastic will be solved. (2) Waste plastic will be converted into high value fuels. (3) Environmental pollution is controlled. (4) Industrial and automobile fuel requirement shall be fulfilled to some extent at lower price. (5) No pollutants will be created during cracking of plastics.

15. Applications of liquid hydrocarbon fuel.   (a) D.G sets for generation of electricity (b) Fuel for agricultural pumps (c) Fuel for boiler (d) Marine fuel (Bunker fuel) (e) As input feed for petroleum refineries.

16. Pyrolysis Companies Linda Corporation, Hudson Ohio –Catalytic Anhydrous Pyrolysis –Accepts all polymer and organic wastes. –Specializing in powder paint, PS, and #7 polymers –Fully operational TBA Ozmotech , Melbourne Australia –Proprietary Continuous Anhydrous Pyrolysis –Accepts all from consumers but rejects onsite –Fully Operational and runs 24/7 Polymer EnergyLLC , Minneapolis MN –Anhydrous Pyrolysis –Accepts PET, HDPE, LDPE, PP, Limited #7 polymers –Operational small batches

17. Thank you