COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% WP/WDG

COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% WP/WDG

1. COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% WP/WDG

2. What is fungicides: The word fungicide originated from two latin words, viz., fungus and caedo . The word caedo means to kill. Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores. A fungistatic inhibits their growth. Fungicides are broadly classified into three categories, namely, contact, translaminar and systemic.  Contact fungicide, as the name suggests, is not distributed throughout all the plant tissues and just protects only the parts of the plants on which it is deposited while spraying.  Translaminar fungicides redistribute themselves from the upper part of the plant where they are sprayed to the lower unsprayed part of the plant.  Systemic fungicides are the most effective ones as they redistribute themselves to the vessels of the plant. Thus some fungicides are locally systemic, some spread throughout the plant tissues and some just stay on the surface on which they are sprayed. 

3. History It has universally been accepted that fungicides have become indispensable for protecting crops and plants from damage and destruction that is caused by fungi. Copper based fungicides were among the first crop protection chemicals to be used and are still used very extensively. Copper sulfate (CuSO 4 ) was the first chemical to be used as seed treatment to control the bunt of wheat. Although CuSO 4 , is an excellent fungicide in its own right but it is little used on plant foliage because of its high degree of phytotoxicity. Then the Bordeaux mixture became the most popular fungicide to control downy mildew of grapes and several other plant diseases. The development of fixed or "insoluble" copper compounds, which are generally considered to be less phytotoxic than Bordeaux mixture, began about 1930 and was undoubtedly accelerated by constant evidence showing that various crops were injured more than previously realized by the application of Bordeaux mixture. The most important and widely used fixed copper compound is copper oxychloride: ( CuCl ) 2 •[Cu(OH) 2 ] 3 which is also called basic cupric chloride, generally recommended for control of a variety of vegetable diseases. It is toxic to the fungi and non toxic to host plants and has low mammalian toxicity. It is also used as fungicidal pigment in paints and as wood preservative when incorporated in concrete used for flooring. It destroys fungi, molds and bacteria and is used to draw away cockroaches, especially in warm humid countries where these organisms as well as insects are troublesome.

4. Formulation and Active ingredients Mode of action It is a broad-spectrum contact fungicide with protective action. Copper because of its strong bonding affinity to amino acids and carboxyl groups, reacts with protein and acts as an enzyme inhibitor in target organisms. Copper kills spores by combining with sulphahydral groups of certain enzymes. Spores actively accumulate copper and thus germination of spores is inhibited, even at lower concentrations. Absorbed copper disrupts the enzyme systems of pathogens. Multi-site activity. Sr.no Formulation Active ingredients 1. Wettable Powder 50% 2. Paste 40% 3. DP 5% 4. Water-dispersible Granules 50% 5. OP 56% Chemical Formula : ( CuCl ) 2 •[Cu(OH) 2 ] 3

5. Production Technology COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 1. Mixture of HCL and NACL method Copper reacts with chloride (from NaCl solution) to form insoluble cuprous chloride ( CuCI ) which is highly soluble in hydrochloric acid. Cu + Cl CuCl Cuprous chloride, when aerated in acidic conditions, forms cupric chloride ( CuCl ₂). 4CuCl + 4HCl + O 2 4CuCl 2 + 2H2O Simultaneously hydrochloric acid acts on copper in the presence of oxygen in air and copper gradually dissolves according to the equation. 2Cu + 4 HCl + O 2 2CuCl 2 + 2H 2 O Dark green acidic solution of cupric chloride formed as a result of aeration, when neutralized with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), produces copper oxychloride. 4CuCl 2 + 6NaOH CuCl 2 3[Cu(OH) 2 ] + 6NaCl 2. HCL method Hydrochloric acid acted on copper in presence of oxygen and copper gradually dissolved according to the equation. 2Cu + 4HCl + O 2 2CuCl 2 + 2H 2 O Cupric chloride ( CuCl ) so formed, when neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution produces copper oxychloride 4CuCl 2 + 6NaOH CuCl 2 3[Cu(OH) 2 ] + 6NaCl Muhammad ishaque quimkhan et al.

6. Chemical and compound 1. TATA BLITOX 50 W (copper oxychloride 50 % wp ) Compound: Copper Oxychloride Tech. (Based On 57% W/W A.I.): 87.7% W/W Wetting Agent (Na- Salt Of Alkyl Aryl Sulphonate): 2.0% W/W Dispersing Agent (Na-Salt Of Phenol Sulphonic Acid Condensate): 2.0% W/W Glue: 2.3% W/W Lavigated Clay: 6.0% W/W

7. 2. Blue Copper Crystal Crop Protection   Compound: Copper Oxychloride Technical (Based On 57% Cu Content) 87.80% W/W Suspending Agent: Carboxy Methyl Cellulose 2.00% W/W Dispensing Agent Alkyl Napthy Sulphonate Type 2.00% W/W Wetting Agent Akyl Aryl Sulphonate Type 3.00 % W/W China Clay 5.20% W/W

8. 3. Dhanucop 50% WP Compound: Copper Oxycloride Technical 85 % W/W (Containing 50% Copper Content) Wetting Agent 2.0 % W/W Dispersing Agent 2.0 % W/W Sticking Agent 3.0 % W/W China Clay 10 % W/W  

9. 4. Blue Copper Syngenta Compound: Copper Oxychloride 88.0 % W/W (Equivalent To 50% W/W Copper As Cu) Other Ingredients 12 % W/W

10. 5. Iffco Gozaru (Copper Oxychloride 50% WP) 6. Cuprina (PI Ind.) 7. Devicopper ( Devidayal ) 8. Copper-S ( Safex ) 9. Trucop ( Indofil ) 10. Crop Cap (NACL)     11. Blue-Vit ( Kilpest ) 12. Tagcop (Tropical) 13. SuCopper ( SuperCSL ) 14. Blyton (Crystal) 15. Hilcopper (HIL) 16. Beltox 50 WP ( Yesell ) 17. Copter (Canary) 18. Riva & Gold Copper-50 (CCIL) 19. Acmecop WP (ACME) 20. Blutoxx ( Shivalik)

11. Recommended concentration of fungicides 1. Copper Oxychloride 50% WG Crop Common Common name of the disease a. i (g) Formulation (g/ml)/% ( Dosage per ha)   Dilution in water (L) ( Dosage per ha) Waiting period from last application to harvest (in days) Grape Downy mildew 0.12% 0.24% As required depending upon PP equipment used 30 Mango Anthracnose 0.12% 0.24% As required depending upon PP equipment used 10

12. 2. Copper oxychloride 50% WP   Crop Common Common name of the disease a. i . (g) Formulation (g/ml)/%(Dosage per ha)   Dilution in water (L)(Dosage per ha) Waiting period from last application to harvest (in days) Citrus Leaf spot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Canker 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Chillies Leaf spot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Fruit rot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Betel Leaf spot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Fruit rot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Banana Leaf spot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Fruit rot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Coffee Black rot 1.87-3.75 % 3.75-5.5 % 750-1000 - Rust 1.87-3.75 % 3.75-5.5 % 750-1000 - Potato Early blight 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Late blight 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Tobbaco Downy mildew 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Black sank 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Frog eye leaf 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Tomato Early blight 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Late blight 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Leaf spot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Grape Downy mildew 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Coconut Bud rot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 - Cardamom Clump rot 1.87-3.75 % 3.75-5.5 % 750-1000 - Leaf spot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -

13. Controls the following disease Angular leaf spot Anthracnose Anthracnose husk rot Ascochyta blight in pea Bacterial blight Cercospora leaf spot in bananaa

14. Early blight Scab in apple Rust Leaf spot Phytophthora root rot Septoria leaf spot