Copy of Adverbial Phrase and Clause (1).pptx

Copy of Adverbial Phrase and Clause (1).pptx

1. What are adverbs? An adverb is a word that is used to change, modify or qualify several types of words including an adjective , a verb , a clause , another adverb , or any other type of word or phrase. More information on adverbs : A good way to understand adverbs is to think about them as the words that provide context. Specifically, adverbs provide a description of how, where, when, in what manner and to what extent something is done or happens. Normally, we can spot an adverb by the fact that it often ends in – ly, but there are lots of adverbs that don’t end in this way. Moreover, adverbs can be used in many combinations with each other.

2. ADVERBS Types of Adverbs Adverb of time Adverb of manner Adverb of degree Adverb of frequency Adverb of place Tell how Tell when Tell where Tell to what extent Tell how often

3. Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of manner express how something happens. In most cases for adverbs of manner, you can take an adjective and simply add -ly to form an adverb. For example, if you take take the sentence – “The cat is quick (adjective).” Instead of describing a noun, an adverb describes or modifies a verb. In this case, the noun is the word ‘cat’. Because adverbs describe verbs, you need to add a verb in the sentence. For example, you can use the verb “to run” in this form – “The cat runs quickly.” Adverbs of manner tell us the way or how to do something. However, not all adverbs end with -ly. For example, the words ‘fast’ and ‘well’ describe verbs but do not end in -ly. ADVERBS OF MANNER EXAMPLES: The cat runs quickly. She plays the violin terribly. The horse moved fast. She plays the piano well.

4. Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of manner show how actions are done. Examples: My dogs eat quickly. My brother walks slowly.

5. Adverbs of Time As with all adverbs, they tell us more about the verb. For adverbs of time, they tell us when the verb happened or will happen . For example, “afterwards”, “every day” and “recently’ are adverbs of time and describe “when”. On the other hand, adverbs of time can describe the duration of an event occurs. Also, it can show when an action is complete. ADVERBS OF TIME EXAMPLES: We’ll go to the festival tomorrow . Yesterday, we played in the basketball tournament. She’ll eventually finish studying and go to university. They ate popcorn and watched movies all day.

6. Adverbs of Time Adverbs of time show when an action takes place. Examples: We played cricket yesterday. My mom will come back soon .

7. Adverbs of Place Adverbs of Place describe “where” an action takes place. In addition, we usually find adverbs of place after the main verb. For example, “indoors”, “next week” and “still” all describe where something happens. Again, we often find these adverbs of place after a verb in a sentence. ADVERBS OF PLACE EXAMPLES: If you want to see the hot air balloon, you will have to go outside . When she entered the classroom, she sat down . I searched everywhere but I couldn’t find him. He walks downstairs to meet his father.

8. Adverbs of Place Adverbs of place show where an action takes place. Examples: He looked down from the balcony. He waved the flag above his head.

9. Adverbs of Degree For adve rbs that answer “how much” or to “what extent”, they are adverbs of degree. For example, they usually modify other verbs, adjectives or adverbs making them stronger or weaker. These types of adverbs modify adjectives but not the other way around. In other words, adverbs can combine with other adverbs to put more emphasis on the verb. When you use ‘more’, ‘most’ and ‘least’, they can show degree when describing a verb.

10. ADVERBS OF DEGREE EXAMPLES: He’s very good at playing the piano. She’s almost always late arriving at school. It’s pretty interesting to see the history of China. The English test was extremely difficult. When he wears his running shoes, he moves more quickly among everyone

11. Adverbs of Frequency Adverbs of frequency express “how often” something takes place. In other words, it explains the intensity of occurrence that an event happens. Adverbs of frequency are usually in this form: Subject + Adverb + Verb ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY EXAMPLES: I usually go to the gym on weekends. She always wake up at 7:00 am. The family rarely eat brown rice for dinner. I never take sick days.

12. Let us wind up what we learnt today with the help of a video! Video 1 Video 2

13. Adverbial Phrase

14. How many adverbs can you spot? He stretched sleepily and then suddenly realised it was Monday. Immediately he jumped out of bed and quickly threw his clothes on. Falling clumsily down the stairs, he cracked his knee loudly against the banister. Hurriedly he tipped cereal into a his bowl, slopped some milk in and hungrily wolfed down the mixture. He glanced quickly in the mirror and realised his jumper was on back to front – a silly mistake.

15. How many adverbs can you spot? He stretched sleepily and then suddenly realised it was Monday. Immediately he jumped out of bed and quickly threw his clothes on. Falling clumsily down the stairs, he cracked his knee loudly against the banister. Hurriedly he tipped cereal into a his bowl, slopped some milk in and hungrily wolfed down the mixture. He glanced quickly in the mirror and realised that unfortunately his jumper was on back to front – a silly mistake.

16. An adverb phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb Like an adverb, an adverb phrase tells how, when, where or to what degree. An adverb phrase can come anywhere in a sentence

17. An adverbial phrase answers one of three questions. a) How did she eat? She ate very noisily . She ate with great gusto b) Where did she eat? She ate in the kitchen . c) When did she eat? She ate in the morning . Before school she ate her breakfast.

18. Types of adverbs and adverbial phrase

19. Adverb phrases: functions Adverb phrases + verbs We use adverb phrases most commonly to modify verbs. In the examples the adverb phrases are in bold. The verbs that they modify are underlined: Children grow up really quickly . I exercise very regularly and I eat quite healthily .

20. Adverb phrases + be We use adverb phrases with be. This is especially typical of adverbs of place: I’m upstairs. I’ ll only be a minute. A: Have you seen my gloves? B: They’ re right there, on the table.

21. Adverb phrases + adjectives/adverbs We use adverb phrases (adv) to modify adjectives and other adverbs: I found it [ADV]extremely [adjective] difficult to talk to her. He drives [ADV] really [ADV] carefully .

22. Adverb phrases + other phrases We use adverb phrases (adv) to modify noun phrases (np) and prepositional phrases: That’s [ADV] quite [NP] a tree . (it’s a tree that is special in some way, e.g. it’s very big) There was [ADV] hardly [pronoun] anyone at the concert. We climbed [ADV] right [prepositional phrase] over the top of the hill and down again.

23. Adverb phrases + determiners We use adverb phrases to modify determiners, especially words like all, some, half, many (quantifiers): Only half of my friends could come to my party. Very few people have heard of my city. It’s very small.

24. Adverbial Clause

25. Vocabulary

26. What is an Adverb Clause? Adverbial clauses or Adverb clauses are groups of words with a subject and a predicate that function as adverbs in a sentence. Just like adverbs, they answer the questions “when?”, “where?”, “how?”, “why?” to describe time, place, manner, purpose, etc.: Before you leave , please turn off the lights. The show will start after the sun goes down. She acted like it was a joke . We canceled the trip because the weather has gotten worse.

27. Components of an Adverbial Clause An adverb clause has a number of essential components: Many adverb clauses also have objects. A subject A predicate A subordinating conjunction

28. Subject A SUBJECT is a person or thing that is “doing” something in the clause. It answers the question “who/what”. A subject can be a pronoun, a noun, a noun phrase (noun+modifiers) or even a verb (an infinitive or gerund): He came home very late. (pronoun) A cat crossed the street. (noun) Small children can be hyperactive. (noun phrase) To leave was a good idea. (infinitive) Swimming is a great exercise. (gerund)

29. Predicate A PREDICATE tells us what the subject “does”. It can be a verb or a verb phrase (verb+objects or modifiers): Audrey laughed . (verb) Audrey laughed happily (verb + modifier) Audrey laughed like a little child . (verb phrase)

30. Conjunction (trigger word) Most adverb clauses begin with a conjunction or “trigger word”. A conjunction sets the context of the sentence. It can indicate time, place, manner, condition, etc. Conjunctions used with adverb clauses are called subordinating conjunctions . Adverb clauses are therefore called subordinate clauses or dependent clauses . Here are some examples of subordinating conjunctions: Time when, after, before, until, since, while, once, as , as soon as Reason because, since, as, so Condition if, unless Manner like, as Comparison as … as, more than, less than Concession although, even though, even if, while

31. Vocabulary