Copy of Q4 TLE 8 LESSON 1.pptxnsjsjsjsjiaia

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1. PREP BY TEACHER MJ TLE 8 4 th Quarter

2. GUESS ME?

3. T- SQUARE

4. PROTRACTOR

5. COMPASS

6. DRAWING PENCIL

7. TRIANGLE RULER

8. DRAFTING

9. - It is the universal language of industry and modern technology through the application of special lines and symbols. What is Drafting? ENGINEERS ARCHITECTS DRAFTSMEN DESIGNS DRAWINGS

10. DRAFTING… requires several drawing tools to execute accurate and legible drawings which are comprehensible or understandable to other draftsmen. This is for the purposes that serve as when a drawing has to be reproduced, to manufacturers, when it is a blueprint of a product, and to clients where services have to be rendered.

11. MECHANICAL DRAFTING Prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to develop working drawings in support of mechanical and industrial engineers and other professionals. Drafting is mechanical drawing. This is where tools have to be used in order to draw lines, curves, and shapes.

12. FREEHAND DRAWING is unacceptable in drafting. This is why it is important to acquire tools that will help one to draw and measure. which is why acquiring tools like rulers, compasses, protractors, and drafting tables is essential to draw and measure with the necessary detail and consistency required for technical drawing.

13. Let us study the following statements Which of the following is a job requirement of a draftsman? Draw a check (/) if it is, and cross (x) if otherwise. 1. A draftsman has the ability to measure lengths accurately 2. A draftsman could draw smooth and straight lines 3. He/ She has the ability to finish an entire drawing using only a pencil. 4. He/She can produce legible and neat drawings. 5. A draftsman can finish a drawing before the given deadline

14. ENGINEERS ARCHITECTS DRAFTSMEN DESIGNS DRAWINGS The following characteristics of a draftsman are only attainable through practice and experience. However, tools serve as an extension of a draftsman, and whatever mastery he acquires, it is only possible with the assistance of his tools. No draftsman can finish a job with his bare hands.

15. USE OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

16. If one desires to produce satisfactory drawings, one should be able to enumerate and identify the different drafting tools by their appearance and function. Here is the list of Drafting Tools that one should be familiarized with:

17. is made of wood that has a lead center made of graphite. When the pencil turned dull, it has to be sharpened to maintain the uniformity of lines. 1. DRAWING PENCIL

18. Drawing pencil HARD – The pencil lines are light so this grade is used when a drawing demands accuracy. MEDIUM – The pencil grade ranging from 3H to H is used for line works. The softer F to B is for lettering and arrowheads. SOFT- This grade tends to be easily smudged and it is not suitable for mechanical drawings. It is best used for shading and artwork. Manufacturers nowadays offer pencil grades up.

19. serves the same purpose as an ordinary drawing pencil. It is used in drawing and sketching. The advantage of the former is it has lead refill, enabling it to be reusable. Mechanical pencil has a spring mechanism, allowing it to control the length of the lead, eliminating the need to be sharpened. 2. MECHANICAL PENCIL

20. Mechanical Pencil is used the same way as a traditional drawing pencil Both are used to draw lines Pencil is used together with a triangle ruler or 1-square to draw straight lines. Curves are drawn with the help of a french curve 2. MECHANICAL PENCIL FUNCTION

21. 3. TECHNICAL PEN is a professional grade inking pen. It has a plastic casing that can be disassembled when it has to be cleaned. Popular brands such as Rotring and Staedtler are made in Germany, It is available in varying thickness ranging from 10mm up to 1.00mm. Since the resulting lines are precise, technical pens are the standard choice of most draftsmen. Technical pens can be refilled with fresh ink and last as long as maintained properly. Due to its relatively high price, it cannot be recommended for drafting students. A good brand of sign pen such as Unipin will suffice.

22. 4. ERASER comes in varying level of hardness and is used to erase pencil and ink lines Its primary raw material is rubber A poor quality eraser smudges pencil lines rather than eliminating them and sometimes leaves dark marks and discoloration on paper so be aware of its quality when purchasing. A Staedtler Mars Plastic is a good brand of eraser

23. 5. ERASER SHIELD - is a thin, flat metal with different cutouts intended to protect the lines near the area being erased. intends to protect the lines near the arca being erased The different cutout shapes and sizes lets you choose which is appropriate for your erasing needs.

24. 6. TRIANGLES - are made of transparent plastic so that drawn lines can be seen through them. Its edge is divided into millimeters or parts of an inch. They are available in two vanants the 30 x 60 degrees and the 45 x 90 degrees Rotring and Staedtler are good brands of triangles.

25. 7. RULER - Is straight edge tool that is made of plastic or metal. The edge of the ruler has millimeter and/ or inch measurement.

26. 8. T-SQUARE - Is straight edge tool that is made of plastic or a combination of wood and plastic. Its edged is divided into millimeters or parts of an inch. Its blade fastened to a head that is placed on the side of a drafting table to maintain a level of 180 degrees of the blade.

27. 8. T-SQUARE - When drawing horizontal lines, press the blade firmly si it won’t move and draw lines with lines with a sideward motion from left to right. - When drawing vertical lines, press the blade and the triangle firmly so they won’t move and draw a line in an upward motion.

28. 9. PROTRACTOR - Is a curved measuring tools, resembling a half moon and is made of plastic so drawn line can seen through it. A protractor however is not intended to be used drawing straight or curved lines. It is used to measure and mark an specific degree unattainable when using a triangle.

29. 10. REDUCTION SCALE RULER or sometimes called the triangular scale, is made of plastic with triangular base and somehow resembling a ruler, but its edges do not have millimeter or inch markings. Instead, ratios or scales are imprinted or etched. It is available in several metric scales or ratios suchs as 1:100, 1:50, 1:25 etc.

30. 11. DRAWING BOARD a rectangular piece of wood taht has a flat, smooth surface. Wherein the drawing paper is attached on it by tapes. The drawing board should be wide enough to accommodate drawing or tracing papers with dimension of 30 x 20 inches specially for professional use.

31. 11. DRAWING BOARD Smaller drawing boards will suffice if one, like students, intends to use a legal size of bond paper for school work. - Drawing board is designed to be used together with T-square. The surface of the drawing board is titled for about 30-45 degrees

32. 12. DRAWING PAPER Draftsmen work with wide drawing paper called tracing papers, a thin, semi-transparent sheet, since working drawings are complex and include lots of details. As large as 20x30 to 30x40 inches of tracing paper is utilized for this kind of drawing.

33. 13. COMPASS is made of metal or plastic or a combination of both. It has two legs fastened together by a yoke. One leg has a needle in its end. while the other has a lead or pencil holder. A plastic compass is cheaper, but one made of metal is more durable and tends to last longer.

34. 13. COMPASS is a tool used to draw circles and arcs. It is operated by pinching its handle with two or three fingers. Adjust the legs according to the size of the radius. Determine the centerpoint of the circle you intent to draw, point the needle on the center.

35. 14. DIVIDER is similar to compass in its appearance, but it cannot be used to draw circles or arcs. Both legs have needles that are used to “divide” or mark distances along a line or a curve

36. 15. TEMPLATE is a flat thin piece of plastic that has numerous cutouts for drawing of repetitive pattern. Examples are Architectural and Circular templated. Architectural template has cutouts of scaled plan or architectural furniture and fixture. Circulate template has circular cutouts in varying sized, from 1 up to 36mm in diameter.

37. 16. FRENCH CURVE is a see-through plastic made up of succession of geometric such as ellipse. is used when an irregular curve other than a circle has to be drawn. it have bevelled edge that can be used for inking.

38. ASSESSMENT

39. Drafting is used in the manufacturing industry. Before a prototype is built and before a product is mass produced they all undergo a design process or drawing. May it be cars, furniture, appliances, and electronics gadgets. School building, churches, hospital;, and terminals also undertake the same procedure. Before they were built there is planning and drawing involved. Now go outside and observe your own house. Notice its parts like walls, roof, doors and windows. Assume that your are draftsman or even an architect planning your house. Write down the appropriate tool that you will utilize to draw your own home.