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1. COMPONENTS OF LINGUISTIC TOPIC 3:

2. COMPONENTS OF LINGUISTIC A. Phonetics and Phonology Speech sounds B. Morphology System of word formation C. Syntax Patterns of word arrangements D. Semantics Literal meaning of the words E. Pragmatics Intended meaning of the words

3. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

4. DEFINITION : • The study of the production, transmission and reception of speech sounds. PHONETICS

5. What is an IPA Chart? - the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was invented in order to have a system in which there was a one-to-one correspondence between each sound in language and each phonetic symbol . - a type of notation for various sounds used in language.

6. 1. The same sound may be represented by many letters or combination of letters: h e p eo ple mach i ne bel ie ve s ei ze C ae sar s ea s s ee k ey 2. The same letter may represent a variety of sounds: f a ther vill a ge b a dly m a de 3. A combination of letters may represent a single sound: p ea ch aracter th ing ei th er ph ysics rou gh c oa t d ea l 4. A single letter may represent a combination of sounds: xero x 5. Some letters in a word may not be pronounced at all: autum n s w ord k not p sychology w rite THE PHONETIC ALPHABET Here are some problems with ordinary spelling.

7. Articulatory Phonetics - focuses on how the vocal tract produces the sounds of language -focuses on how listeners perceive the sounds of language -focuses on the physical properties of the sounds of language Acoustic Phonetics Auditory Phonetics Main Branches of Phonetics Main Branches of Phonetics

8. An example of one such rule would be the understanding that the words “eight” and “butter” both have the letter [t], but they are pronounced differently based off the other letters around them. The study and discovery of phonological rules. S peed sound will change depending on its position in various speech environments. PHONOLOGY

9. PHONOLOGY : Defining the Key Terms VOWEL A class of speech sound that includes all sounds that the production does not involve any block or delay of the air as it comes out from the lungs. [a], [e], [ i ], [o], [u]

10. PHONOLOGY : Defining the Key Terms CONSONANT A class of speech sound that includes all sounds that the production involves block or delay of the air stream using speech organ. [m], [b], [p]

11. MORPHOLOGY

12. MORPHOLOGY is the branch of linguistics that studies word structures and forms of the words in a language.

13. INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY EXAMPLE EXAMPLE Is the functional or grammatical change in the word. It refers to changes that can be added to words to change their word class or their original meaning. Cat + s = Cats Compete (verb) Compete + ition = Competition (noun) DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY TWO TYPES OF MORPHOLOGY

14. MORPHEME is the building block of morphology and is the smallest unit of language that makes up the word EXAMPLE Glee – one morpheme; minimal unit of meaning Gleeful – two morphemes; two units of meaning Glee “exultant highs- pirited joy” + ful “full of something”

15. FREE MORPHEMES EXAMPLE EXAMPLE A morpheme that can stand by itself. A morpheme that cannot stand by itself. “dog” or “house” in doghouse T he “-s” in “dogs” BOUND MORPHEMES TWO TYPES OF MORPHEMES

16. SYNTAX

17. Definition I t is the order or arrangement of words and phrases to form proper sentences. T he most basic syntax follows a subject + verb + direct object formula • Word order: The book is on the table. * Table book on the the . •• Example

18. SEMANTICS

19. SEMANTICS • It is the study of multiple meaning of words and sentences and the various ways that is can be experienced Example The word “crash” literally means an auto accident or it could also mean a drop in the super market or attending a party without being invited. Definition

20. PRAGMATIC

21. It studies language usage, especially how context influneces the interpretations of utterances – the same sentence can be used to do different things in different situations Definition EXAMPLE “ Gee, it’s hot in here!”- can be used either to state a fact or to get someone open a window

22. COMPONENTS OF GRAMMAR Phonetics and Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics