Cord blood banking

1. INSERVICE EDUCATION 7/29/2014 1

2. SACHITA KHADKA RUPA SHRESTHA RASHMI GAUTAM RAMA PARIYAR RANJANA BC RADHA THAPA MAGAR RASHNA MAHARJAN RACHANA RAI RUBINA RAI PRATIVA KHADKA 7/29/2014 2 HOPE INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE PCL NURSING 3 rd / 3 rd BATCH

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4. UMBILICAL CORD The part of placenta that delivers nutrients to a fetus. It help fetus to survive during intrauterine period. 7/29/2014 4

5. INTRODUCTION Cord blood banking involves collecting blood left in newborn’s umbilical cord and placenta and storing it for future medical use . Cord blood contains potentially lifesaving cells called STEM CELL . 7/29/2014 5

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7. Stem cell Stem cell are essentially the building blocks of the human body . Stem cell is capable of dividing for long periods of time , are unspecialized , but can develop into specialized cells . The earliest stem cell inside an embryo will eventually give rise to every cell , tissue and organ in the fetus’s body . When it divides , it can make any one of the different cells in human body . 7/29/2014 7

8. 7/29/2014 8 Stem cell

9. There are several types of stem cells Embryonic stem cells Adult stem cells Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC) Umbilical cord blood stem cell 7/29/2014 9

10. 7/29/2014 10 Embryonic stem cell Adult stem cell Induced pluripotent stem cells Umbilical cord stem cell

11. Purposes: Two main purpose for cord blood storage : Donate baby’s cord blood to a public cord blood banking for anyone who needs its To store for baby’s cord blood bank for family’s use . 7/29/2014 11

12. METHODS There are two types and they are ; 7/29/2014 12

13. Syringe method: a syringe is used to draw blood from the umbilical cord shortly after the umbilical cord has been cut. The process is similar to drawing blood for a regular blood test . 7/29/2014 13

14. Syringe method 7/29/2014 14

15. Bag method: T he umbilical cord is elevated to drain the blood into a bag. ( Anti-coagulate already kept in the bag ) 7/29/2014 15

16. Bag method 7/29/2014 16

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18. Most common method of cord blood is bag method 7/29/2014 18

19. COLLECTION Cord blood is collected right after birth. The collection process is painless and safe for both mother and baby . In fact , it’s so quick and painless that parents caught up in holding and bonding with their baby are often unaware it has even happened . 7/29/2014 19

20. PROCESS Clamping and cutting the cord : After the delivery of the baby whether vaginally or by C-section , the cord is clamped and then cut in usual way . 7/29/2014 20

21. Contd…… Extracting the cord blood : The medical provider then inserts a needle into the umbilical vein on the part of the cord that’s still attached to the placenta . The needle doesn’t go anywhere near the baby . The blood drains into a collection bag . Typically , entire umbilical blood are collected . The entire process takes less than 5 minutes . 7/29/2014 21

22. Contd…… Off to the bank : The blood is transfer to a cord blood bank , where it is tested , processed , and cryopreserved (preserved by controlled freezing) for long-term storage. Some family cord blood banks now offer to collect a segment of umbilical cord tissue contains stem cells , and researchers are studying their possible . 7/29/2014 22

23. VALUABLE OF CORD BLOOD Cord blood is a rich source of blood stem cells . Stem cells are the building blocks of the blood and immune system . They have the ability to develop into other types of cells , so they can help to repair tissue , organs , and blood vessels and can be used to treat a host of diseases . 7/29/2014 23

24. Contd…… Stem cells are also found in bone marrow, human embryos , fetal tissue , hair follicles , baby teeth , fat , circulating blood , and muscle . Every part of the human body contains some stem cells , but most are not a rich enough source to have be harvest for therapeutic applications. 7/29/2014 24

25. Contd…… In 2012 , 38 % of Haspanic (spanish people in ancient time )patient and 44% of African American patients undergoing stem cell transplants received cord blood . More and more adults are receiving cord blood transplants , too , sometimes involving two cord blood donations if a single one doesnot contains enough cells. As the end of 2012 , more than 33,900 cord blood units had been transfer for transplants worldwise . 7/29/2014 25

26. TREATED DISEASES Cord blood stem have been used successfully to treat more than 75 different diseases , inculding: Some cancers B lood disorders I mmune deficiencies 7/29/2014 26

27. Contd…… Among theses are ; Leukemia Aplastic anemia Thalassemia Hodgkin’s diseases Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma 7/29/2014 27

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29. Contd…… Cord transplants are also used to treat rare metabolic disorder that would otherwise be fatal for infants . 7/29/2014 29

30. POSSIBLE FUTURE USES Studies are under way around the world to explore new ways of using cord blood ; C erebral palsy and autism Hydrocephalus Treatment for adults Animal studies 7/29/2014 30

31. PARENTS NEED TO KNOW The fields of medical research with stem cells is exploding . The most important thing for parents to understand about the stem cells in cord blood , by Frances Verter ( founder and executive director of the nonprofit parent’s guide to Cord Blood Foundation ); Donate the baby’s cord blood to help patients seeking transplants now or 7/29/2014 31

32. Contd…… Save the baby’s cord blood for the family in case the need it later , most likely for a therapy that’s still being studied . 7/29/2014 32

33. STORAGE After the collection (entire placenta and cord’s blood collection should be done) , lab process start through cryopreserved. There are many ways to process a cord blood until , and there are differing opinions on what is the best ways . Some processing methods separate out the red blood cells and remove them , while others keeps the red blood cells . 7/29/2014 33

34. Cont.…… However the unit is processed , a cryopreservant is added to the cord blood to allow the cells to survive the cryogenic process. After the unit is slowly cooled to -90 o C , it can then be added to a liquid nitrogen tank which will keep the cord blood unit frozen at -196 o C . The slow freezing process is important to keep the cells alive during the freezing process. 7/29/2014 34

35. Contd …… More than 1 million units of cord blood are stored in family banks in the United States . And the national Be the match Registry provides nearly 1,85,000 donated cord blood units in the United States , with additional access to more than 4,25,000 cord blood units through partnerships with international registries . 7/29/2014 35

36. Contd …… Verter estimates that about 5% of parents now bank their bank’s cord blood . 90 % of that cord blood goes to family and 10% goes to public banks . 7/29/2014 36

37. ADVANTAGES Cord blood stem cells are currently used several life-threatening diseases blood and immune system related genetic diseases , cancer and blood disorder . Cord blood stem cells can also be used for siblings and other members of the family who have a matching tissue type . Siblings (75% )chance of compatibility , and the cord blood may even be a match for parents (50%) and grandfather . 7/29/2014 37

38. PUBLIC BANKS A primary concern with public banking is how to ensure the safety of the cord blood . Because of privacy concerns , it is agreed by most ethical reviews boards that blood donated to a public bank cannot be permanently linked to the donor. 7/29/2014 38

39. PRIVATE BANKS Private banking is costly to insures and private parties , averaging . The ability to use the cord blood may also depend on long-term commerical viability of the enterprise . 7/29/2014 39

40. Contd…… It is important to ensure the credentials of any potential private bank . In the United States , the Food and Drugs Administration regulates cord blood under the category of “Human Cells , Tissues , and Cellular and Tissue Based –Products . 7/29/2014 40

41. Contd…… The odds that two siblings will have the 6/6 match required for a bone marrow transplant are 25% . The odds that two siblings will have the 4/6 match required for a cord blood transplant are 39 % . 7/29/2014 41

42. SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS Using one’s own cord blood cells might not wise or effective , especially in cases of childhood cancers and leukemia . Children who develop an immunological disorder often are unable to use their own cord blood for transplant because the blood also contains the same genetic defect . 7/29/2014 42

43. USABILITY OF ONE’S OWN SAMPLE UNKNOWN Most cord blood samples up to 75% may be too small to be used for transplantation because they don’t contain enough stem cell . While a private bank will store a sample , the sample may be too small to be usable , even by a child . 7/29/2014 43

44. cord blood banking cost There are usually two fees involved in cord blood banking;. The first is the initial fee which covers enrollment, collection and storage for at least the first year. The second is an annual storage fee. Some facilities vary the initial fee based upon the length of a predetermined period of storage . 7/29/2014 44

45. Contd…… Depending on the predetermined period of storage, the initial fee can range from $900 to $2100. Annual storage fees after the initial storage fee are approximately $ 100 . 7/29/2014 45

46. Contd…… It is common for storage facilities to offer prepaid plans at a discount and payment plans to help make the initial storage a more attractive option for baby and the family . 7/29/2014 46

47. AVAILABLE SERVICE IN NEPAL Cord blood banking established in N epal at 2008 A.D . Cord blood immediately courier at store/lab in INDIA within 48 hours . Interested parents should inform the specialist during 5-7 months of pregnancy , need to pay Rs.20,000 then at the time of delivery need to pay Rs.58,000 ( TOTAL AMOUNT IN NEPAL FOR CORD BLOOD BANKING IS Rs.78,000 ) . 7/29/2014 47

48. AVAILABLE CORD BLOOD BANKS COUNTRIES NAME ESTABHLISHED DATE FLORIDA 1983 A.D GENEVA 1989 A.D INDIA 2006 A.D BANGKOK 2008 A.D KENYA 2011 A.D SINGAPORE 2013 A.D 7/29/2014 48

49. 7/29/2014 49 FLOW CHART OF CORD BLOOD USER

50. 7/29/2014 50 BABY PARENTS GRAND PARENTS PARENTS SIBILING BABY SIBILING MATERNAL PATERNAL

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52. REFERENCES http/www.wikipedia.com/cord blood banking CRYOBANKS premier cord blood bank , Cryobanks International India Pvt.Ltd. Mrs . Subedi Durga , Midwifery part I , Wanmaya Publication And Research Center , 1 st 2010 March , page no – 95 – 98 Mr. Pankaj Chawla Professor of cord blood banking ,Gyaneshwor , phone no. : 9802031233 7/29/2014 52

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