Core curriculum

B.ed- seminar notes

1. Core Curriculum A. Manimala II B.Ed ( Maths ) Poondi Madha College of Education, Samayapuram .

2. CURRICULUM The term  curriculum  refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a school or in a specific course or program. Educationists give their own different interpretations of the content and functions of curriculum. Three different thinkers represent three major contributions to the body of knowledge on curriculum that three of such concepts are….

3. CURRICULUM Albert Oliver, refers to curriculum merely as the educational program consisting of three important elements, such as studies, activities and guidance. Philip Phenix, is based on a carefully thought out scheme of values which constitute the aims and objectives, or purposes of educatio n. Hilda Taba , looks at curriculum as the function of the public school, she list the three functions as preserving and transmitting cultural heritage, serving as an instrument for transformation of culture, and working as a means for individual development.

4. Meaning of Curriculum The term curriculum is derived from the Latin word “ currere ” which means run or run-way or a running course. Thus curriculum means a course to be run for reaching a certain goal. Arthur J. Lewis and Mid Alice (1972) defined curriculum as “a set of intentions about opportunities for engagement of persons to be educated with other persons and with things (all bearers of information process, techniques and values) in certain arrangements of time and space.”

5. Meaning of Curriculum The total situation (all situations) selected and organized by the institution and made available to the teacher to operate and to translate the ultimate aim of education into reality. curriculum is a tool in the hands of the artist (the teacher) to mould his material (the pupil) according to his ideal (objective) in his studio (the school). Curriculum is a focus of study, consisting of various courses all designed to reach a particular proficiency or qualification. A curriculum can consist of more than one course. Curriculum refers to the training assigned to a student. Curriculum is a focus of study, consisting of various courses all designed to reach a particular proficiency or qualification.

6. Definitions of Curriculum Curriculum is, perhaps, best thought of as that set of planned activities which are designed to implement a particular educational aim – set of such aims – in terms of the content of what is to be taught and the knowledge, skills and attitudes which are to be deliberately fostered together with statements of criteria for selection of content, and choices in methods, materials and evaluation. Kerr defines curriculum as, "All the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside of school." Braslavsky states that curriculum is an agreement among communities, educational professionals, and the State on what learners should take on during specific periods of their lives. Furthermore, the curriculum defines "why, what, when, where, how, and with whom to learn."

7. Definitions of Curriculum Outlines the skills, performances, attitudes, and values pupils are expected to learn from schooling. It includes statements of desired pupil outcomes, descriptions of materials, and the planned sequence that will be used to help pupils attain the outcomes. The total learning experience provided by a school. It includes the content of courses (the syllabus), the methods employed (strategies), and other aspects, like norms and values, which relate to the way the school is organized. The aggregate of courses of study given in a learning environment. The courses are arranged in a sequence to make learning a subject easier. In schools, a curriculum spans several grades.

8. Curriculum can be ordered into a procedure: Step 1: Diagnosis of needs. Step 2: Formulation of objectives. Step 3: Selection of content. Step 4: Organization of content. Step 5: Selection of learning experiences. Step 6: Organization of learning experiences. Step 7: Determination of what to evaluate and of the ways and means of doing it.

9. Concept of Curriculum The term curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a school or in a specific course or program. In dictionaries, curriculum is often defined as the courses offered by a school, but it is rarely used in such a general sense in schools. The concept of curriculum is as dynamic as the changes that occur in society: In its narrow sense, curriculum is viewed merely as a listing of subject to be taught in school; while in a broader sense, it refers to the total learning experiences of individuals not only in schools, but in society as well.

10. Nature of Curriculum Curriculum as a Plan Oliva (1982) stated that “Curriculum is a plan or programme for all experiences which the learner encounters under the direction of the school.” Curriculum as an Experience Tanner and Tanner (1980) stated that “Curriculum is that reconstruction of knowledge and experiences systematically developed under the auspices of the school (or university) to enable the learner to increase his or her control of knowledge and experience.”

11. Nature of Curriculum Curriculum as a Subject Matter Doll (1978) defined that Curriculum is both a subject to be taught at colleges and universities and a field in which Curriculum as an Objective B.F. Skinner views the curriculum as being formulated according to behaviouristic objectives. practitioners work. The curriculum is the series of experiences which children and youth must have by way of attaining activity-based objectives.

12. Curriculum Types in India The three important types of curriculum in India:- The Activity Curriculum subject matter is translated in terms of activities and knowledge is gained as an outgrowth and product of those activities. The child acquires knowledge, skill and attitudes through different activities. Child Centered Curriculum - the child occupies a pivotal position. That is why, modern education is popularly known as “ Paedocentric ” or child centered education, particularly at the primary stage.

13. Curriculum Types in India Core Curriculum. Traditionally core curriculum includes all required content areas in the school programme . More recently, the term ‘core’ refers to type of course such as general education, united studies, common learning’s, social living and integrated programme . A curriculum based on the essential learning and a common scheme of studies is referred to as a core curriculum.

14. Meaning of Core Curriculum The  Core Curriculum  is a set of courses that provides the knowledge, skills and experiences you need to succeed in college and in life. Whatever your academic or career goals, the Core Curriculum can help you to launch a successful future. Core curriculum, is based on essential learning and a common scheme of studies, which helps students for a successful future and for academic achievement.

15. Meaning of Core Curriculum Core curriculum is a set of school or college courses in subjects considered essential to a suitable education, as providing necessary skills or common cultural knowledge. Core curriculum is a set of courses that are considered basic and essential for future classwork or graduation. In core-curriculum, there exists a set of common learning, including knowledge, skills, and values.

16. Meaning of Core Curriculum The common learning usually consists of the following compulsory subjects like social science, geography, biology, history, etc. In core curriculum, along with compulsory subjects optional subjects like Fine Arts, Home Economics, Language, Music, etc. are also included. This general education is considered necessary for students, irrespective of their choices in major subjects. Maths , science, arts, music, visual arts, English, history, geography are examples of core curriculum in a Middle School or High School.

17. Meaning of Core Curriculum A curriculum in which all or some of the subjects or courses are based on a central theme in order to correlate the subjects and the theme. At the undergraduate level, individual college and university administrations and faculties sometimes mandate core curricula, especially in the liberal arts. But because of increasing specialization and depth in the student's major field of study, a typical core curriculum in higher education mandates a far smaller proportion of a student's course work than a high school or elementary school core curriculum prescribes.

18. Meaning of Core Curriculum The Core Curriculum is the set of common courses required of all undergraduates and considered the necessary general education for students, irrespective of their choice in major. The communal learning-with all students encountering the same texts and issues at the same time-and the critical dialogue experienced in small seminars are the distinctive features of the Core. The simple definition for the word core is central, and this perfectly describes the intention of core curriculum.

19. Definition of Core Curriculum Casweel defines: Core as   “A continuous carefully planned series of experiences which are based on significant personal and social problems and which involve learning of common concern from all youth ”. A.A. Douglass: In 1990, A.A. Douglass defined core curriculum is a projection of all basic, general training of the elementary school.

20. Definition of Core Curriculum H. Alberty : There seems to be one common element in programmes that are referred to as the core. The term is applied in some fashion to all or part of the total curriculum which is required of all students at a given level. In other words, the core is used to designate all or part of the programme of general education. The core curriculum, therefore, will be centred around certain essential learning out comes common for all learners.

21. Definition of Core Curriculum Braslavsky states that curriculum is an agreement among communities, educational professionals, and the State on what learners should take on during specific periods of their lives. Furthermore, the curriculum defines "why, what, when, where, how, and with whom to learn." The total learning experience provided by a school. It includes the content of courses (the syllabus), the methods employed (strategies), and other aspects, like norms and values, which relate to the way the school is organized.

22. Core Curriculum ‘Core’ refers to the ‘heart’ of experiences every leaner must go through. Or Fundamental knowledge that all students are required to learn in school. A CORE CURRICULUM is a curriculum, or course of study, which is deemed central and usually made mandatory for all students of a school or school system.

23. Characteristics of Core Curriculum It requires a great degree of flexibility in respect of content. It utilizes the problems of personal and social development which is common to all youth. The core curriculum is characterized by a common scheme of studies. It encourages the use of the problem solving technique to face different problems. Learning experiences are based on local situations.

24. Characteristics of Core Curriculum Core courses emphasize discussion and group problem solving; Learning is not restricted to the classroom; Students’ needs and learning experiences take precedence over subject matter. Courses form a coherent whole, integrated either through disciplines, themes, content, or a combination of these; Offers the study of many types of original materials, and not only great books;

25. Characteristics of Core Curriculum Core course emphasises practice over subject matter in disciplinary arts as they are applied to original sources; Core programmes weave common elements together for common reflection and discussion; It utilises the problems of personal and social development common to all; It encourages the use of the problem-solving technique to face and solve problems; It provides means for developing social competence.