core3 l2.pptx bsc botany honours 4th semester

core3 l2.pptx bsc botany honours 4th semester

1. BSc. BOTANY HONOURS (UTKAL UNIVERSITY) MYCOLOGY AND PHYTOPATHOLOGY Core Paper - III Overview on Reproduction of Fungi Affinities with plants and animals Lecture - 2 2 nd Semester

2. Reproduction of Fungi :- ( Degeneration of sex organs ) Lower Higher ( Simplicity in cell structure) Reproduction Vegetative Asexual Sexual Budding Fission Fragmentation Zoospores Sporangiospores Conidia Oidia Chlamydospore Plasmogamy Karyogamy Meiosis

3. BUDDING :- e.g. - Yeast FISSION :- e.g. - Yeast (Mainly occur in bacteria) Vegetative

4. FRAGMENTATION :- e.g. - molds, yeasts, and mushrooms (Breaking of filaments) Zoospores :- e.g. - Synchytrium (Motile spores having Flagella) Asexual

5. Sporangiospores :- e.g. – Rhizopus , mucor , Bread mould (stalk) Conidia :- e.g.- Albugo (Non-motile, thin walled spores) (Brush like or bristle like structure) (formed by mitosis)

6. Oidia :- e.g. - Rhizopus ( Non-motile, Thin walled spores ) (Endospores) (formed by fragmentation in filamentous fungi ) Chlamydomospore :- e.g. - Fusarium (Thick walled spores) (resting spores) Chlamydospores are called resting spores because they survive in unfavorable conditions, such as dry or hot seasons, and germinate when conditions become favorable.

7. Sexual Plasmogamy :- ( Fusion of cytoplasm ) Planogametic population Gametangial contact Gametangial copulation Spermatization Somatogamy Planogametic population (motile gamete fused) * Aplanogametes  Non-motile Isogamy Anisogamy Oogamy Morphologically similar Physiologically disimilar Both are morphologically and physiologically different Both are motile Male - small Female - large Male is motile and very small Female is non-motile and large male female

8. Gametangial contact :- Male gametangia and female gametangia come in contact with each other and finally the contact wall get dissolved and transfer of cytoplasm taking place from one to another. e.g. - Pythium Gametangial copulation :- Fusion of two gametangia :- Male + Female e.g. - Rhizopus > >

9. Spermatization :- e.g. – Puccinia Class Bisidiomycetes and Ascomycetes Fusion of Male & Female Spermatia Spermatium (sing.) Carpogonium Ascogonium Trichogyme Somatogamy :- e.g. – Polyporus few basidiomycets maxium deuteromycetes Two somatic hypha get fused, then contact wall is dissolved and produce a ladder like structure.

10. Karyogamy :- ( Fusion of nucleus ) Karyogamy is the final step in the process of sexual reproduction in fungi that involves the fusion of two haploid nuclei to form a diploid nucleus, or a nucleus with two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. The cell formed by karyogamy is called the zygote, and in most fungi, the zygote is the only cell in the entire life cycle that is diploid. n n 2n n+n ( Dikaryon ) Karyogamy zygote Meiosis :- ( Reduction division) Meiosis, or reduction division, is the stage of sexual reproduction in fungi that restores the haploid number of chromosomes and initiates the haploid phase.

11. Affinities of Fungi (Type of relationship/ similarity found in Fungi along with Plants & Animals.) Affinities of Fungi with Plants Affinities of Fungi with Animals Thread like filaments. Antheridial branches present. Oogonia in water moulds . Zoospores present. Many fungi showing superficially plant like structure. Grow visible structure like plant parts. Both have cell wall but composition may differ. Both having unicellular motile ancestor like zoospores. Similarity in food chain. Both are heterotrophic. In Fungi, chitin is the composition of cell wall and in animals, it appears in hard structure such as exoskeleton of insects and beaks of octopus and other Mollusca. Chitin is a complex carbohydrates with N2 compund . ‘Gobi’ proposed “Origin of fungi” from ‘PROTOZOA ’ .

12. THANKS FOR WATCHING