Cornices

cornices of building

1. Presented by Tayyaba Naseer 2014-AE-17

2. C ornices of a building

3. Contents: Objective Conclusion

4. Objective: To investigate the importance of cornices for a building.

5. Where does the word come from? A way to remember this architectural detail is to know where the word comes from—the etymology or origin of the word.  Cornice   comes from the Latin word  coronics , meaning curved line. The Latin is from the Greek word for a curved object,  koronis .

6. What comes in your mind when you hears the words cornices?

7. When one hears the words cornice, one can easily imagine an elegantly crafted building made in the late 1800’s. What really is a cornice, and why was it so commonly used?

8. Definition: Uppermost division of a Classical entablature . A cornice is basically a form of horizontal decorating sculpture or moulding, it generally lies on the roof, doors, or windows . Cornices can provide great texture and embellishment to your building’s appearance.

9. Any molded projection which crowns or finishes the part to which it is affixed. 2 . The third or uppermost division of an entablature, resting on the frieze. 3 . An ornamental molding, usually of wood or plaster, running round the walls of a room just below the ceiling; a crown molding; the molding forming the top member of a door or window frame. 4 . The exterior trim of a structure at the meeting of the roof and wall; usually consists of bed molding, soffit, fascia, and crown molding.

10. Crowning projecting molded horizontal top of a building or some part of a building, such as a pedestal (where it is the cap), or a wall. In the latter case it is called a  wall-cornice   or cornicione  (if very large and crowning the main façade of e.g. a palazzo). It is an  eaves-cornice  if it occurs where a roof overhangs a wall and forms eaves with a Classical molding one faced with e.g. terracotta or some other material is an  encased  cornice. On a pediment the cornices are differentiated as  raking  if on the sloping sides. A  block-cornice  is a wall-cornice with very simple blocks instead of  modillions projecting from rudimentary  bed-moldings .

11. The third or uppermost division of an entablature, resting on the frieze.

12. Crown-molding  if at the junction of an internal wall and ceiling .

13. The molding forming the top member of a door or window frame.

14. A cornice continuing around a corner or in a different direction is a  cornice return.

15. Cornices has also be used to carve the year of erection of a building.

16. Materials: Wood Metal Brick Concrete Terra cotta Modern materials Fiberglass Lightweight cements

17. Materials: Wood frame commercial buildings from the 19 th  and early 20 th  centuries are likely to have cornices of wood or sheet metal. These cornices were milled or formed into a variety of shapes such as brackets or modillion blocks. Brick commercial buildings may have corbelled cornices rows of brick that project from the wall in various bonding patterns. In the early 20 th  century, other materials became popular for cornices, including cast concrete and terra cotta.

18. Why cornices were provided? One of the main reasons why cornices were introduced was utilitarian role i:e to ensure that the rainwater would not hit the walls of the building as this over time would create discolouring of the stone buildings. This style of architecture was most common in Greece, where most of the temples and significant buildings would have elaborately carved cornices. The function of the cornice overhang is to protect the structure's walls.

19. Cornices as the window treatment: The term cornice may also be used to describe a form of hard window treatment  along the top edge of a window. When used in this context, a cornice represents a board (usually wood) placed above the window to conceal the mechanism for opening and closing drapes. If covered in a layer of cloth and given padding, it is sometimes called a soft cornice rather than a hard cornice.

20. Cornice Maintenance and Repair: Like any architectural element, cornices can deteriorate through lack of maintenance or water infiltration. We should inspect our building cornices on a regular basis to make sure the materials are in good condition and do not have any water penetration.

21. Repair and replace damaged or missing dentils and brackets  when necessary. A wood  cornice are particularly prone to deterioration. They needs regular scraping and painting. A sheet metal  cornice requires scraping and painting. Galvanized sheet metal has its own protection. It is, however, altered as soon as rust sets in; it is important to prevent rust with a regular coat of paint. Wood and sheet metal cornices are typically attached to the building with wood or metal anchors that can decay or rust if they are not maintained. Cornice Maintenance and Repair:

22. The rear of a cornice is often directly attached to the roof material. You should inspect the joints where these two materials come together on a regular basis. Cast concrete and terra cotta cornices are anchored into the masonry of the building. It is especially important to keep water out of these types of cornices to prevent them from rusting or detaching from your building. You should repair cast concrete and terra cotta cornices with materials to match. Alternative materials such as fiberglass or fiberglass-reinforced concrete may be appropriate for some buildings. Cornice Maintenance and Repair:

23. Conclusion

24. Any question?