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Corrected PFA Slide

1. PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AID ALDA SHIELA B. DURANGO, RSW LGU SAN LUIS

2. Definition Psychological First Aid – “first-aid” response aimed to *stabilize, * reduce symptoms and * return the survivor to functional capacity in the aftermath of a critical incident. It refers to any effort that reduces the victims’ feeling of helplessness and promotes their sense of control PFA

3. WHY USE OF PFA? EMOTIONAL DISTRESS IS NOT ALWAYS AS VISIBLE AS A PHYSICAL INJURY BUT IT IS JUST AS PAINFUL AND DEBILITATING. PFA IS A STRATEGY TO REDUCE THE PAINFUL RANGE OF EMOTIONS.

4. SOME EXAMPLES OF CRITICAL INCIDENTS : Mass disasters : natural & human-induced Multiple injuries/fatalities · Death or injury to a child · Serious injury or line of duty death · Excessive media attention · Outsiders or family members interfering with operations

5. CONFUSION FEAR FEELINGS OF HOPELESSNESS AND HELPLESSNESS PHYSICAL PAIN ANXIETY ANGER GRIEF SHOCK AGGRESSIVENESS & WITHDRAWAL GUILT SHAKEN IN RELIGIOUS FAITH LOSS OF CONFIDENCE IN SELF OR OTHERS SOME COMMON STRESS REACTIONS INCLUDES:

6. To WHOM is PFA for? PFA is intended for PEOPLE EXPOSED TO DISASTER (children, adults, first responders, disaster relief workers)

7. WHO delivers PFA? Social Workers / Health Workers Other disaster response workers TEACHERS

8. WHEN should PFA be used? IMMEDIATE aftermath of the disaster

9. WHERE should PFA be used? IT IS DESIGNED TO BE SIMPLE AND PRACTICAL SO THAT IT CAN BE USED IN ANY SETTING. CAN BE PROVIDED ANYWHERE THAT TRAUMA SURVIVORS CAN BE FOUND (SHELTERS, SCHOOLS,HOSPITALS, WORKPLACE AND COMMUNITY SETTING)

10. 5 Goals of Providing PFA SAFETY CALM AND COMFORT CONNECTEDNESS SELF – EMPOWERMENT HOPE

11. Roles of a Psychological First Aider Provide social support Educate about normal & abnormal stress reactions Teach stress management techniques Mobilize community resources PROMOTE positive emotional health Provide SUPPORT & REASSURANCE

12. Roles of a Psychological First Aider AID in ACCESSING appropriate services Undertake RISK ASSESSMENT to help PREVENT HARM to SELF or TO/FROM OTHERS Create a PARTNERSHIP and help find SOLUTIONS, (getting through this together) Assist in EARLY DETECTION & INTERVENTION

13. Examples of Psychological First Aid Family Support Services involve assisting the affected family with their particular and specific needs during and shortly following a crisis. (helping them with their activities of daily living, making arrangements for them (including phone calls). - provision of warm blanket, clothing, tents, etc . - food assistance – provision of a cup of noodles, - warm broth, etc.

14. Examples of Psychological First Aid Information Support Services - provision of appropriate information Tracing Services – - helps locate missing relatives

15. Examples of PFA Rituals i.e. allowing victims to go through grieving rituals Other support structures - this usually involves provision of a support structure to help the victims/survivors go through the different phases of a critical incident.

16. Defusing shortened version of a debriefing, lasting 15-30 minutes, and must be held within 48 hours of the incident defusing works with only three stages (introduction, exploration and information).

17. Defusing Provides support and encourage each other exchange information, and enjoy a sense of group caring. provides express similar feelings

18. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PFA AND COUNSELING? Q&A?

19. DO I NEED TO HAVE A DEGREE TO USE PFA? Q&A?

20. Delivering PFA Professional Behavior: Operate only within the framework of an authorized disaster response system. Model healthy responses: calm, courteous, organized, helpful Be visible & available Maintain confidentiality Remain within the scope of your expertise & designated role Do’s

21. Delivering PFA Professional Behavior: Make appropriate REFERRALS Be knowledgeable & sensitive (Culture & diversity) Pay attention to your own emotional & physical reactions. Practice SELF-CARE Do’s

22. Delivering PFA Do not make assumptions (about what the survivors are experiencing or what they have gone through) Do not assume that everyone exposed to a disaster will be traumatized. Do not talk down to or patronize the survivor, or focus on his helplessness/weaknesses, mistakes, disability. FOCUS on what he has done EFFECTIVELY to help others Don'ts

23. Delivering PFA Do not assume that all survivors want to talk or need to talk to you. (Being physically present in a supportive, calm way helps survivors feel safer & more able to cope) Do not “debrief” by asking details of what happened. Do not speculate or offer possibly inaccurate information. Know the facts before answering their questions. Don'ts

24. Guidelines for Delivering PFA Politely observe first, don’t intrude. (ask simple respectful ? to know how you may help) Provide practical assistance to make contact (food, water, blankets) Initiate contact only after you have observed the situation, the person, the family

25. Guidelines for Delivering PFA Speak calm ly. Be patient, responsive & sensitive. Speak slowly, in simple concrete terms . Don’t use acronyms. Be prepared to listen . (Focus on hearing what they want to tell you, and how you can be of help) Acknowledge the positive features of what the survivor has done to keep safe.

26. Guidelines for Delivering PFA Give information that addresses directly the survivor’s immediate goals & clarify answers Give accurate & age- appropriate information When communicating w/ a translator, look & talk to the client, not the translator. Remember the GOAL of PFA ( to reduce stress, assist w/ current needs, promote adaptive functioning, not to elicit details of traumatic experiences & losses)

27. WHAT DO I DO IF SOMEONE NEEDS MORE HELP THAN I CAN GIVE? WHEN IN DOUBT, CONSULT!

28. WHEN TO REFER?

29. WHEN TO REFER? REFERRAL - the act of recommending that a person should speak to a professional who is more competent to handle the difficulties and complexities of his/her needs. Referral may be necessary when the stress reactions of individuals affected by disasters are causing impairments (inability to take care of self or inability to work)

30. WHEN TO REFER? When a person hints or talks openly of suicide If there is a possibility of child abuse or any criminal activity The problem is beyond your training The problem is beyond your capability. The problem does not fit the purpose of the community responder program

31. WHEN TO REFER? The person seems to be socially isolated., You have difficulty maintaining real contact with the person You become aware of dependency on alcohol and drugs When the person is engaging in risky or threatening behavior.

32. WHEN TO REFER? When you yourself become: Restless Confused Have negative recurring thoughts Dream about the case Feel you are the only one who can help

33. Psychological First Aid Simulation of PFA Prayer Ice Breaker Discuss the Objectives of PFA Introduce Activity #1 Deepening of Activity #1 Synthesis of their Feelings (FGD – Encourage everyone to Speak) Breathing Exercise Community Singing Games Closing Prayer Hug or Group Hug

34. Test results: If you have chosen figures 1, 3, 6, or 7, then you’re a resolute person, not afraid of difficulties or obstacles. If you feel that one of the figures 2, 11, 12, 18, or 19 resembles you, then you’re an amiable person who is always there when your friends need you. The choice of figure 4 describes you as a steadfast person, who wants to achieve success without the hassle of overcoming hardships. Number 5 means you’re often weary and feel weak, and you have little energy for life.

35. If you’ve chosen figure 9, you’re a merry and fun-loving person. Choosing numbers 13 or 21 means that you’ve got the tendency to keep to yourself, you’re also frequently anxious and would normally avoid other people. Figure 8 says that you’re a real daydreamer — you like being in your own world and away from this one. Choosing figures 10 and 15 describes you as a well-adapted person, content with the life you have.

36. Picking number 14 signifies that you’re emotionally drained or exhausted. There is a good chance you’re facing inner emotional crisis or turmoil. Figure 20 is for people with a heightened sense of self-importance. You’re a born leader, and you want to be the only one people listen to. If your choice is figure 16, then you’re tired of supporting someone; however, you could have seen yourself as being hugged by figure 17, in that case you think of yourself as the one who is doted on.

37. NAME/NICKNAME 3 FAVORITE THINGS/ ACTIVITIES 3 QUALITIES/ TRAITS/ CHARACTERISTICS 3 THINGS YOU VALUE MOST