CORRUPTION- AN EVIL OF THE INDIAN SOCIETY

ITS A BATTLE AGAINST CORRUPTION

1. CORRUPTION BR. SARATH THOMAS CHAMAKALAYIL [email protected] , 9539890560

2. WHAT IS CORRUPTION In philosophical, theological, or  moral discussions , corruption is spiritual or moral  impurity  or deviation from an ideal . Corruption may include many activities including  bribery and   embezzlement .Government or 'political corruption occurs when an office-holder or other governmental employee acts in an official capacity for personal gain.

3. ETYMOLOGY Theword   corrupt   derived from Latin  corruptus - utterly broken

4. DIFFERENT SCALES OF CORRUPTION 1. Petty "Petty" corruption occurs at a smaller scale and occurs within established social frameworks and governing norms . Ex: the exchange of small improper gifts or use of personal connections to obtain favours. This form of corruption is particularly common in developing countries and where public servants are significantly underpaid. 2. Grand "Grand" corruption is defined as corruption occurring at the highest levels of government in a way that requires significant subversion of the political, legal and economic systems . Such corruption is commonly found in countries with authoritarian or dictatorial governments and in those without adequate policing of corruption by anti-corruption agencies.

5. 3. Systemic Systemic corruption (or endemic corruption )  is corruption which is primarily due to the weaknesses of an organization or process. It can be contrasted with individual officials or agents who act corruptly within the system . It happens because of the lack of transparency; low pay; and a culture of impunity

6. CORRUPTION IN INDIA Corruption in India  is a major issue and adversely affects its economy. A study conducted by Transparency International in year 2005 found that more than 62% of Indians had first hand experience of paying bribes . Most of the largest sources of corruption in India are entitlement programmes and social spending schemes enacted by the Indian government. Examples include Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and  National Rural Health Mission . JN

7. THE CAUSES OF CORRUPTION IN INDIA 1 . excessive regulations, complicated taxes and licensing systems 2. numerous government departments each with opaque bureaucracy and discretionary powers 3. monopoly by government controlled institutions on certain goods and services delivery , 4. the lack of transparent laws and processes.

8. As of December 2008, 120 of India's 523 parliament members were accused of crimes. Many of the biggest scandals since 2010 have involved very high levels of government, including Cabinet Ministers and Chief Ministers, such as in the 2G spectrum scam , the 2010 Commonwealth Games scam and the  Adarsh Housing Society scam, Coal Mining Scam, mining scandal in Karnataka and cash for vote scam.

9. A 2009 survey of the leading economies of Asia, revealed Indian bureaucracy  to be not just least efficient out of Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand, China , Philippines and Indonesia; further it was also found that working with India's civil servants was a "slow and painful" process. P

10. MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ACT  (MGNREGA )   The government implemented   on 25 August 2005. The Central government outlay for this welfare scheme is 40000  crore After 5 years of implementation, in 2011, the programme was widely criticised as no more effective than other poverty reduction programmes in India. Despite its best intentions, MGNREGA faces the challenges of corrupt officials reportedly pocketing money on behalf of fake rural employees, poor quality of the programme's infrastructure, and unintended destructive effect  on poverty .

11. BLACK MONEY Black money refers to money that is not fully legitimately the property of the 'owner'. A white paper on black money in India by the Government of India suggests two possible sources of black money in India .   1. activities not permitted by the law, such as crime, drug trade, terrorism, and corruption, all of which are illegal in India. 2. the wealth may have been generated through a lawful activity but accumulated by failing to declare income and pay taxes. Some of this black money ends up in illicit financial flows across international borders, such as deposits in tax haven countries you all may know two container of black money was seized from vallarpadam container in the recent year.

12. BLACK MONEY IN SWITZERLAND According to a 2010 The Hindu article, unofficial estimates indicate that Indians had over US$1456 billion in black money stored in Swiss banks Another report said that Indian-owned Swiss bank account assets are worth 13 times the country's national debt

13. RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT According to a study published by the Government of India's RTI site, the Right to Information Act (2005) and equivalent acts in the states, that require government officials to provide information requested by citizens or face punitive action, computerisation of services and various central and state government acts that established vigilance commissions have considerably reduced corruption or at least have opened up avenues to redress grievances . However, people seeking information under RTI have been identified and harassed, attacked or killed.

14. ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS IN INDIA Indian Penal Code, 1860 Prosecution section of Income Tax Act,1961 The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 The  Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 to prohibit benami transactions. Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 The Lokpal Bill, 2011 is a bill pending before the  Rajya Sabha .

15. ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICE AND COURTS The  Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation Central Vigilance Commission  Central Bureau of Investigation

16. CONCLUSION We have a lot of corrective measures to hamper corruption. But it is our indifference that fosters corruptions. As we are the social workers we cannot br indifferent to the corruption and it must be our moral obligation to fight against this social evil and more important to act rather than mere propagating when we get a job especially in government levels. And here raises the role of transparency and in our life. Remember a crime ignored is the crime encouraged.