CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC LIFE.pptx

Corruption refers to unethical behaviour and increase the problems in the society....

1. PRESENTED BY GARIMA

2. Introduction Definition Kind of corruption categories of corruption Causes of corruption Effects of corruption Impacts of corruption Sources Conclusion Contents

3. Corruption is a form of dishonest or unethical conduct by a person entrusted with a position of authority, often to acquire personal benefit. Corruption may include many activities include many activities including bribery and embezzlement ,though it may also involves practices that are legal in many country. Government or political corruption occurs when an office holder or other government employee act in an official capacity for personal gain .

4. DEFINITION corruption has no significant effect on economic growth in democracies , while non-democracies suffer significant economic harm from corruption . corruption produces policy outcomes closer to these preferred by the rich than those favored by the median voter. The misuse of entrusted power for private gain.

5. KIND OF CORRUPTION Autogenic Self generating and involves only perpetrator. Defensive Compulsive in nature and victim pay bribe in self defense. Extortive This is compensation in exchange for service. Investive for future reward and no direct favor in present. Nepotistic No direct transfer of money just preferential treatment to relatives and friends. Supporative It support the existing corrupt system.

6. REALITY OF OUR LIFE

7. CATAGORIES OF CORRUPTION Individual corruption only a single person or official is involved in practicing bribing . This type of corruption seen in the government office and institution. Group corruption A group of people work as until to practice bribing .

8. CAUSES OF CORRUPTION According to a 2017 survey study , the following factors have been attributed as cause of corruption. Higher level of bureaucracy and inefficient administrative structures. Low level of democracy , weak civil participation and low political transparency. Low press freedom. Low economic freedom. Large ethnic division and high levels of in-group favoritism gender inequality.

9. CAUSES OF CORRUPTION Large government size. Low level of government decentralization. Low level of market and political competition. Resources wealth. Poverty. Political instability. Weak poverty rights. Low level of education. Low internet access. Contagion from corrupt neighboring countries .

10. CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC

11. EFFECT OF CORRUPTION We can summarize the consequences of corruption as follows: Lower investment , including foreign direct investment . Reduced economic growth. A shift in the composition of government spending from more productive to less productive activities. Greater inequality and high incidence of poverty. Reducing the efficiency of aid. Exposing the country of current crises.

12. IMPACT OF CORRUPTION Impact on economy Impact on society Impact as a hidden tax Impact in the allocation on public spending

13. CORRUPTION AND SOCIETY

14. IMPACT ON ECONOMY Bribery raises transaction costs and uncertainty in an economy (soto10,2000). Diverts talent to rent-seeking activities and distorts sectral priorities and technological choices. Available data refute the argument of bribery as an accelerator to demonstrate a positive relation between the extent of bribery and time spent negotiating business managers involved with public officials . The corruption distorts incentives which operates the private sector by reducing economic efficiency.

15. IMPACT ON SOCIETY To a varying degree, corruption exists in almost all countries .however ,the degree to which it impacts the common people lives and increases poverty is directly proportional to the level of this scourge and how widespread it is in society. A countries or provinces development depends on how much of the states resources are lost to this ugly practice. A recent world bank report list corruption and lack of transparency as the two core reasons that hamper pakistanis drive for development.

16. IMPACT AS A HIDDEN TAX Economic analysis is common to find that equate corruption to tax although both taxes and corruption impose higher costs to procedures , the collection of the latter is private and therefore the potential use of these resources is lost socially productive purposes.

17. IMPACT IN THE ALLOCATION OF PUBLIC SPENDING It is appreciated that network of kickbacks in public works , or the execution of expenditure. State (whatever this state, national , provincial or municipal), creates a distortion of public spending .

18. STOP CORRUPTION

19. CONCLUSION We can infer that corruption is not only generated in the public sector but in the private sector there are cases f corruption , such as corporate fraud ,oligopolistic agreements , tax evasion or fraudulent conduct towards society where negative externalities are generated as overruns and these , society pays a whole , as cost overruns these impact on prices and quality of services ,causing some type of unemployment such as some private behaviors that end up as “rescue “example of banks and businesses , through using the instrument of the nationalization , to save them from bankruptcy ,where costs are paid by the whole society.

20. FINAL SLIDE THANK YOU FOR WATCHING MY PRESENTATION