Cow eye – dissection and label

1. Cow eye – Dissection and Label By Leslie Young Section 63

2. Cow eye shown with labeled cornea. The  cornea  is the  transparent  front part of the  eye  that covers the  iris ,  pupil , and  anterior chamber . The cornea, with the anterior chamber and  lens ,  refracts  light, with the cornea accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total  optical power .

3. Cow eye-shown with labeled Sclera The  sclera  (from the Greek  skleros , meaning hard [1] ), also known as the  white of the eye , is the opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the  eye  containing  collagen  and  elastic fiber .

4. Cow eye-shown with lens dissected. The  crystalline lens  is a transparent,  biconvex  structure in the  eye  that, along with the  cornea , helps to  refract   light  to be  focused  on the  retina .

5. Cow eye-shown with dissected optic nerve The  optic nerve , also known as  cranial nerve 2,  transmits visual information from the  retina  to the  brain .

6. Cow eye-shown with dissected iris. The  iris  (plural:  irides  or  irises ) is a thin, circular structure in the  eye , responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the  pupil  and thus the amount of light reaching the  retina .

7. Cow eye-shown with dissected ora serrata The  ora serrata  is the serrated junction between the  retina  and the  ciliary body . This junction marks the transition from the simple non-photosensitive area of the retina to the complex, multi-layered photosensitive region. In animals in which the region does not have a serrated appearance, it is called the  ora ciliaris retinae .

8. Cow eye-shown with dissected pupil. The  pupil  is a hole located in the center of the  iris  of the  eye  that allows light to enter the  retina . [

9. Cow eye-shown with dissected tapetum lucidum The  tapetum lucidum  ( Latin : "bright tapestry", plural  tapeta lucida ) [1]  is a layer of tissue in the  eye  of many  vertebrate  animals. [2]  It lies immediately behind the  retina . It  reflects  visible  light  back through the retina, increasing the light available to the  photoreceptors , though blurring the initial image of the light on focus. The tapetum lucidum contributes to the superior  night vision  of some animals. Many of these animals are  nocturnal , especially  carnivores  that hunt their  prey  at night, while others are  deep sea  animals.

10. Cow eye-basic function of the eye in higher organisms. Eyes  are  organs  that detect  light  and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in  neurons . The simplest  photoreceptor cells  in conscious vision connect light to movement. In higher organisms the eye is a complex  optical  system which collects light from the surrounding environment, regulates its intensity through a  diaphragm ,  focuses  it through an adjustable assembly of  lenses  to form an image, converts this image into a set of electrical signals, and transmits these signals to the  brain  through complex neural pathways that connect the eye via the  optic nerve  to the  visual cortex  and other areas of the brain. Eyes with resolving power have come in ten fundamentally different forms, and 96% of  animal  species possess a complex optical system.