CPCI2020AGMdtdghdfhdfhdfgdfgdfh (1).pptx

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1. Fire Performance of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Supervisor: Dr. Mark Green M.Sc Candidate: Branna MacDougall Contributors: Dr. Hamzeh Hajiloo , Dr. John Kabanda and Dr. Salah Sarhat CPCI 2020 AGM

2. Queen’s University UHPC Fire Research: The Team Dr. Mark Green Branna MacDougall Dr. John Kabanda Dr. Hamzeh Hajiloo 2 Dr. Salah Sarhat

3. Outline 3

4. Queen’s University UHPC Fire Research: The Problem Statement HPC is known to perform poorly in fire because of propensity for explosive spalling, causes concerns for UHPC. Limited information on fire performance of UHPC is one factor that prevents it from being more widely accepted in the construction industry. Limited building codes or regulations in North America for UHPC. There are gaps in knowledge behind the mechanisms of prevention of explosive spalling in UHPC. Spalling of concrete after tunnel fire tests ( Trafikministeriet , 1995). 4

5. Queen’s University UHPC Fire Research: Objectives First Set of Objectives: Determine potential for spalling with various amounts/combinations of polypropylene (PP) fibres and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres. Quantify strength of UHPC specimens at and after exposure to high temperatures with PP and PVA fibres. Quantify thermal properties of UHPC specimens. Second Set of Objectives: Develop numerical models to stimulate performance of UHPC double- wythe panels (DWI) panels in fire. Conduct full-scale fire tests on UHPC DWI panels. Conduct parametric studies with numerical models to help develop design guidelines for UHPC DWI panels. 5

6. Queen’s University UHPC Fire Research: Literature Review Fibres increase ductility and tensile strength, and reduce amount of cement used in mixture ( Nazri et al., 2018). Has been used in various applications throughout Australia, Asia and the United States ( Rebentrost and Wight, 2008; Burke, 2008). Can be used in UHPC DWI panels in place of traditional concrete ( Sylaj et al., 2018). Compressive strengths greater than 150 MPa allows the use of less material, decreases environmental emissions and labour costs (Henderson, 2006). More prone to explosive spalling than NSC and HSC ( Banjeri et al., 2019). Steel fibres, synthetic fibres, specifically PP fibres, or a combination of both can mitigate explosive spalling ( Xiong et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2018; Heinz et al., 2004). 6

7. Queen’s University UHPC Fire Research: Gaps in the Literature More research on the mechanism that PP fibres help to mitigate explosive spalling in UHPC is needed. Research on characterization of UHPC at and after exposure to high temperatures has not been conclusive. More knowledge on UHPC DWI sandwich panels is required. Little full-scale fire testing has been completed. 7

8. Queen’s University UHPC Fire Research: Progress to Date Initial casting of 45 HE white cement cylinders with 1%, 2% and 3% by volume of PVA fibres at Spring Valley Plant in Hamilton, ON. Casting of additional specimens is planned to occur in the coming months in Ottawa, ON. Equipment training on the Instron SATEC. Literature review. Casting of HE white cement specimens at Spring Valley (Green and Hajiloo , 2020). 8

9. Queen’s University UHPC Fire Research: My Research - Material Testing Focus on small-scale UHPC specimens, containing PP and PVA fibres. 1% by volume of PVA fibres 2% by volume of PVA fibres 3% by volume of PVA fibres 2% by volume of PVA fibres + 0.2% by volume of PP fibres Characterize thermal and physical properties at and after exposure to high temperatures. Testing at Queen’s University and the National Research Council (NRC). 9

10. Queen’s University UHPC Fire Research: Material Testing – Mechanical Properties Characterize physical and thermal properties of UHPC at and after exposure to high temperature. Compressive and tensile tests: Compressive specimens: 75x150 mm cylinders Tensile specimens: 35x35x1000 mm prisms Compressive and tensile tests use Instron SATEC testing machine with three heating scenarios: Steady-state temperature Transient temperature Residual temperature 10

11. Queen’s University UHPC Fire Research: I nstron SATEC Testing Machine The Instron SATEC testing machine at Queen’s University (Green and Hajiloo , 2019). 11

12. Queen’s University UHPC Fire Research: Material Testing – Thermal Properties Characterize thermal properties including thermal conductivity and specific heat. Utilize the HotDisk System located at the National Research Council (NRC). 50x50 mm prism specimens. Thermal properties required for numerical modelling. Hot Disk equipment: Da ta bridge and the furnace (NRC, 2020). 12

13. Queen’s University UHPC Fire Research: Future Research – Numerical Modelling Will include validation/calibration of numerical models using test data to predict behaviour of UHPC DWI wall panels in fire scenarios. Enable development of fire ratings for UHPC DWI wall panels. Parameters investigated: Type of UHPC Wall thickness Type of insulation Fire scenarios Initial emphasis on thermal modelling, with subsequent modelling focusing on structural performance. 13

14. Queen’s University UHPC Fire Research: Future Research – Full-Scale Testing Investigate the spalling behavior of various types of UHPC at the NRC testing facilities. Four rectangular intermediate-scale slabs with dimensions of 1.3 x 0.9 x 0.15 m will be tested on the intermediate-scale furnace. Intermediate panels will not include insulation. One full scale wall test is proposed. Full-scale wall furnace at NRC (NRC, 2020). Intermediate-scale furnace at NRC (NRC, 2020). 14

15. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Queen’s University Civil Engineering department for their ongoing support throughout the research, as well as the National Research Council for their funding and commitment to the project. 15

16. References Banjeri , S., Kodour , V.K.R. and Solhmirzaei , R. (2019). “Fire response of ultra high performance concrete beams.” International Interactive Symposium on Ultra-High Performance Concrete , 2(1). Burke, B.T. (2008). “Residual Strength of Ultra-High Performance Concrete after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures.” Masters of Science, University of Connecticut. Government of Canada. (2020). NRC facilities, < https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/nrc-facilities> (accessed 06 August 2020). Green M. and Hajiloo H. (2019). Fire Performance of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Double Wythe Insulated (DWI) Panels , Queen’s University, Kingston, ON. Heinz, D., Dehn , F., and Urbonas , L. (2004). “Fire resistance od ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) – Testing of laboratory samples and columns under load.” International Symposium on Ultra High Performance Concrete , 703-716. Henderson, G. (2006) Material Property Characterization of Ultra-High Performance Concrete , Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA. Nazri , F.M., Jaya, R.P., Baker, B.H.A., and Ahmadi, R. (2017). “Fire resistance of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete due to heating and cooling.” MATEC Web of Conferences , 87. Rebentrost , M. and Wight, G. (2008). “Experience and Application of Ultra-high Performance Concrete in Asia.” Second International Symposium on Ultra High Performance Concrete , University of Kassel, Germany. Sylaj , V., Fam, A., and Burak , R. (2018). “Next Generation of UHPC Double Wythe Insulated Precast Concrete Wall Panels.” Precast Concrete Institute , 1-10. Trafikministeriet (1995). Sikerhet ved Transport gennom Storebealstunnelen , Official report from Trafikministeriet (in Danish), Denmark, November, 1995. Xiong , M.X. and Liew, J.Y. (2015). “Spalling behaviour and residual resistance of fibre reinforced Ultra-High performance concrete after exposure to high temperatures.” Materiales de Construccion , 65(320). Zhang, D., Dasari , A. and Tan, K.H. (2018). “On the mechanism of prevention of explosive spalling in ultra-high performance concrete with polymer fibres.” Cement and Concrete Research , 113, 169-177. 16