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1. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING B19EEP702-COMPREHENSION AND TECHNICAL PRESENTATION(CTP) SMART ELECTRICITY METERS SUBA SHREE R S 711521BEE304 IV Year EEE KIT- KALAIGNARKARUNANIDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) COIMBATORE -641 402

2. INTRODUCTION Smart meters are advanced digital devices used for measuring and monitoring electricity consumption. Unlike traditional meters, smart meters enable two-way communication between consumers and utilities. They provide real-time data on electricity usage, ensuring accurate billing and promoting energy efficiency. Utilities can also use smart meters for load management and grid stability. Overall, smart meters play a crucial role in modern energy management by enhancing transparency, efficiency, and sustainability.

3. WHAT IS SMART ELECTRICITY METER? Smart Electricity Meters  are advanced devices used for measuring and monitoring electricity consumption. They offer benefits such as accurate billing, power quality monitoring, and demand-based tariffs. These meters play a crucial role in modern energy management, benefiting both consumers and utilities.

4. ROLE IN MODERN E NERGY M ANAGEMENT Real-Time Monitoring : Smart meters provide real-time data on electricity consumption. This information helps consumers track usage patterns and make informed decisions. Load Balancing : Utilities use smart meters to manage load distribution across the grid. By identifying peak demand periods, they can optimize energy supply. Demand Response : Smart meters enable demand-based tariffs. Consumers pay varying rates based on peak and off-peak hours, encouraging energy conservation. Accurate Billing : Real-time data ensures precise billing, eliminating estimation errors and promoting transparency. Grid Stability : Smart meters contribute to grid stability by monitoring voltage fluctuations and identifying issues promptly.

5. TYPES OF SMART ELECTRICITY METER Single-phase meters : These meters are commonly used in residential settings. They measure energy usage for single-phase connections. Three-phase meters : These meters are suitable for larger homes or commercial buildings with three-phase electrical connections. They measure energy usage across all three phases. CT-PT meters : Current Transformer (CT) and Potential Transformer (PT) meters are used in industrial and high-voltage applications. They provide accurate measurements by using transformers to step down current and voltage. Distribution transformer-operated meters : These meters are connected directly to distribution transformers. They help monitor energy usage at the transformer level.

6. S INGLE-PHASE S MART M ETER   A  single-phase smart meter  is an essential component for managing household electricity consumption. Unlike traditional electromechanical meters, smart meters use two-way communication networks to measure and transmit granular power usage data in real time. They provide accurate billing, quick response to usage spikes, and automated outage notifications. Smart meters contribute to energy efficiency, safety, and cost savings by eliminating manual meter reading and promoting real-time awareness of energy consumption.

7. T HREE-PHASE S MART METER   A  three-phase smart meter  is a specialized type of electricity meter designed for high-load electricity users. Unlike single-phase meters, which handle lower energy capacities, three-phase meters split the electrical current between three wires.  These meters are commonly used in industrial settings, businesses, and homes with complex energy setups, such as those with solar panels, battery storage, or electric vehicle chargers.

8. Current Transformers (CTs): CTs are used to step down the primary current of a line conductor to a smaller, more manageable current. They ensure safety by transforming high current levels into a secondary current that is directly proportional to the primary current. Revenue-grade CTs are engineered to produce 5 amps when the amps on the service match the rated value (known as the CT ratio). For example, a typical installation in a 120/208 service with a 400-amp service might use 200:5 CTs. When 200 amps flow through the primary side of the CT, 5 amps emerge from the secondary terminals. CTs have nameplates with essential information, including the CT ratio and rating factor. The rating factor indicates accuracy beyond the nameplate value. CT-PT M ETERS

9. 2.Potential Transformers (PTs) : PTs step down high voltage to a safer level for measurement. They are essential when the voltage of the service to be metered is too high. PTs are often used in conjunction with CTs to create a transformer-rated installation. Transformer-rated services run in parallel with the main service, ensuring uninterrupted power for customers even when the meter is removed.

10. CONCLUSION Real-Time Data Energy Efficiency Billing Accuracy Remote Monitoring Two-Way Communication Privacy and Security.