Crop production and management (how crop is produced and reserved)

In this ppt we will learn how crop is producec

1. Crop production and management Name- Adarsh Dev Singh Class – 8 th ‘B’ Roll no. 1

2. CROP When plants of same kind are grown and cultivated at one place on large scale , is called crop. types of crop Kharif crop:- The crop which are sown in rainy season are called kharif crops. For example:-maize , paddy. Rabi crop:- The crop which are sown in the winter season are called rabi crop . For example:-pea , gram.

3. Agriculture practices Preparation of soil Sowing Adding manure and fertilizers Irrigation Protecting from weeds Harvesting Storage

4. Preparation of soil Preparation of soil is the first step before growing a crop , in which the hard soil is turned into loosen soil because it will later help the roots of plant to penetrate inside the Soil deeper and also breathe easily. The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling of ploughing . This is done by a plough.

5. Agricultural implements

6. Sowing Sowing is an important part of crop production. Sowing is a process in which seeds are putting or scattered into the soil. Before sowing good quality seed are selected to grow healthy crop which is free from diseases and infection. There are two methods of sowing seed:- traditional method seed drill

7. Tools used in sowing of seeds

8. Adding manure and fertilizers The substance which are added to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants are called ‘manure’ and ‘fertilizers’. These mineral or nutrients are essential for the growth of plants. Manure is an organic substance which is obtained from the decomposition of dead plants and animals wastes . The nutrient-rich substances that are added to the soil to increase its fertility are known as fertilizers .

9. Irrigation The supply of water to the crops at regular intervals of time is called ‘irrigation’ The time and frequency of irrigation varies from crop to crop , soil to soil and season to season. methods of irrigation Traditional method Modern method

10. Traditional method Moat Chain pump Dhekli Rahat Modern method Sprinkler system Drip system

11. Protection from weeds The undesirable plants which may grow along the crop. These undesirable plants are called weeds. These weeds are removed :- manually weedicides Some certain chemicals are used to control the growth of weeds , these certain chemicals are called weedicides In manually process the weeds are removed with the help of ‘khurpi’.

12. Harvesting The process of cutting of crops after its mature is called harvesting. the cutting of crops are done with the help of machines or also can done manually. Harvesting in India is mainly done by ‘sickle’ or by a machine called ‘harvester’. The process of separating seeds from chaff is called ‘threshing’. The process of the separation of grains and chaff is called ‘winnowing’.

13. Storage Storage is an important task in crop production The grains are to be kept for longer time ,they should be safe from moisture ,insects ,rats and microbes. In the storage of crop seeds in small quantity are store in jute bags or metallic bins. In large scale storage of crop seeds are stored into silos and granaries.